How often do you need to change jobs,so that the movement up the career ladder does not slow down? According to business — trainer CRP "Business Insight" Natalia Nikulova, for a start, you need to find out what a particular specialist understands by the word career.

Natalia Nikulova:

— Career is "vertical", when a person strives upward, occupying higher and higher positions. Sometimes striving upward, he can even change his vector of professional activity. And someone builds a career "horizontally", remaining in the same position, but realizing their professional growth, becoming a highly qualified specialist. Thus, depending on personal intentions, everyone decides for himself what his priorities are today, and whether a given company has an opportunity for their development.

The opinion is very popular that work needs to be changed every 3-5 years - they say, this is the only way to avoid creative stagnation and maintain your professional form. I agree with this opinion and Vlada Magnich, hR manager who believes that in the first year of work with know all the subtleties and nuances associated with working in this position. And the next year or two are the most productive in terms of return.

— In my opinion, the effectiveness of building a career is by no means determined by the duration of work at one enterprise, but by tasks. But 3-5 years is the period for which a person manages to understand the essence of the profession and show the dynamics of real results. This is a tribute to Western trends and worldview. We, recruiters, really appreciate people who have been working at the enterprise for a long time - 3-5-7 years or more. And we know how difficult it is for an employer to “get” such a person. However, if a person for a very long time, the same 7-15 years, has been working in the same enterprise, in the same position, then we assume that career changes may be critical for him, the rigidity factor is high. But if the manager is actively developing and there is evidence of this, then this is just a treasure.

At the same time, the main problem of most Russian - and republican - companies is that many of them themselves do not know in which direction their activities will develop in 3-5 years. It is quite logical that they do not have long-term personnel development programs, companies do not prepare personnel in advance and do not plan the careers of employees, and those, in turn, leave them in search of a better life. So that, is it really enough for a work period of 3-5 years for an effective career today, or is it just a consequence of certain Russian realities, it is up to each employee to judge independently.According to the director of the spacecraft "Leader" Nadezhda Borisova, before deciding to change jobs, you should clearly prioritize.

Nadezhda Borisova, Director ":

— For example, it is more expedient to change the place of work in cases when working in one company for more than 3 years of career growth is not expected, but it is necessary. Moreover, each subsequent position in the new company should be qualitatively higher than the previous one, and the activity itself should not include areas that are too distant from each other (for example, sales - accounting). Then, from the point of view of most employers, a job change will be justified. In general, at American enterprises it is customary to change jobs every 2 years, in general in Europe - every 3-4 years, in our country there is still no consensus.

In other words, hso that frequent changes or a long stay in one place does not negatively affect career growth, it is still worth tracking the validity of your behavior. That is, both transitions and delays should be explained not by the fact that "this is how the chip went down", but by the fact that "it is more reasonable this way"

Nadezhda Borisova:

— Experts call this approach to the issue of changing jobs conscious career management - the so-called practice of career management, that is, planning and managing a career, where the manager knows what position and under what conditions he can count on within a certain period.

According to Vlady Magnich, the period of a successful career for different specialties is different. For example, it takes 3 years for a middle-level manager to have a successful career, for a lawyer - from 5 years in a large diversified enterprise, for an accountant - from 3 to 10 years, for a secretary - from 2 years, for a senior management - from 10 years.

Elena Khapova:

— E if you believe the statistics given at the conference of the Russian Association of Recruitment Consultants ruhead of the Department of Social Policy of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, Mr. Prokopov, then with the average duration of work in the following sectors of the economy is as follows: economics - 3.9 years, ohgovernment agencies - 7.7 years, healthcare - 5.2 years, industry - 3.5 years, trade - 2.8 years, construction - 2.3 years. It is noteworthy that for each industry, the duration of the work is very low.

In the West, frequent job changes are called "job hopping", in our country those who change jobs are often called "flyers." According to the director of the spacecraft "Leader", there are several groups of applicants who are subject to frequent job changes. It:

1. Young people with higher education and very little work experience. Many, due to the fact that they have not decided on their future profession, often change jobs because of the “search for oneself”. It is important for them to try different professions and choose what they will do in the future.
2. Sales managers. In most cases, these are also young specialists with 1-2 years of experience in selling products and services, attracting customers.
3. "Start-up" or "project" - managers, ie project managers, business development managers who carry out certain projects in the company. This can be the development and launch of a new brand, development of sales in a new market segment for the company, modernization and launch of a new production. When moving from company to company, such specialists do not lose, but only increase their status and interest from a potential employer.

In the republic, this theory is reflected in the following facts. According to Natalia Nikulova, professional migration is subject to professions that are related to sales: sales representatives, sales managers, etc. The very specific nature of the activity leaves an imprint on the formation of certain personal characteristics. These people are dynamic, mobile, and are in constant search.

Tatiana Shestoperova, business coach of the CRP "Business Insight":

— According to statistics, there is a high turnover of personnel among auxiliary workers from the low-paid category: loaders, security guards. They are kept only by the amount of work and wages earned. From vacancies in the middle category, sales consultants often change jobs. Top managers rarely look for work; they are worth their weight in gold. Recruitment agencies hunt for their "heads", they always have plenty to choose from when looking for a job.

Among the reasons why employees start looking for another job, there are three main ones:

• insufficient level of wages,
• striving for professional and career growth,
• unstable position of the organization in the market.

Tatiana Shestoperova:

- There are periods when it is necessary to make investments in the future, you give yourself time to master new knowledge, then a not very high salary is possible. There are times when you, knowing the value of your own professionalism, are looking for an offer worthy of your knowledge and experience. Knowing your value in the market and an adequate assessment of your capabilities is worthy of respect and is a criterion of professionalism.

It is interesting, but in the case when the work causes dissatisfaction and discontent, and the feeling that everything is bored does not go away, experts do not advise to change the job immediately. Paradoxical as it may sound, at first it is advised to try to love your work.

Elena Khapova:

— This will provide an opportunity to find internal resources and, possibly, a push to internal, and then external development. Psychologists call this a proactive attitude. We ourselves choose our attitude to work. We deserve the kind of life we \u200b\u200bmake ourselves. This is the safest and most reliable way. Unfortunately, Russians are less and less willing to work and “love” their work.

However, if love cannot be resurrected in any way, it is necessary, without delay, to start looking for a new job.Even if I managed to work only for a year.

Anna Petrova, who came to Moscow from the small Volga town of Engels, works in company for almost a year now. Unfortunately, she realized that she was not satisfied with much in this company, only now. She is afraid to quit, because she is not sure that future employers will normally accept such a short period of her work in her previous place. She cannot be in search of work longer than 2-3 months - she has to pay for rented housing, which is very expensive in Moscow. And to change "an awl for soap" - to quickly get a similar position in another company, where in a year she may also be disappointed, she does not want.

Injustice or Regularity?

Experts from the International Labor Organization (ILO) argue that the upward trend in unemployment in the world labor market in 2014 will continue: in 2013 alone, the number of unemployed increased by 5 million, and by 2016 this figure will approach more than 200 million.

At the end of 2013, the unemployment rate in Russia, according to the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, amounted to 5.2% of the economically active population - four million people. “Today the unemployment rate in Russia is one of the lowest - less than 6%. For 2014, this figure will remain within this figure, - the company's experts predict ManpowerGroup- Another thing is that unemployment rates vary significantly in regions and large cities and in some regions they reach critical levels: Zabaikalsky Krai - about 10%, Tyva - more than 18%, Ingushetia - about 48%. We need to fight this phenomenon ”. What exactly is needed to ensure that the unemployment rate not only does not grow, but also decreases?

One of the many factors influencing the rise in unemployment is the lack of flexibility in the Russian labor market. Experts argue that it is necessary to stimulate part-time and short-term employment. Unfortunately, Russian employers are often extremely dismissive of people whose average term of work in one company is two years or less.

Executive. ru asked the experts of recruiting agencies what is better - to build a career within one company, or to gain versatile experience, moving from one company to another, without staying in one for more than a year and a half. Why is both not considered normal, in which companies and industries people change jobs more often, and what experience is more appreciated in the Russian market.

“Recently, for the Russian labor market,” says Yuri Dorfman, partner of a headhunting company Cornerstone, - a typical situation is when candidates change jobs quite often. In most cases, the frequent change of employer is, if not negative, then alarming. For example, if a candidate changes employers within the same position within one or two years without good reason, the potential employer will approach such candidates with great caution, asking them at the interview a large number of clarifying questions, trying to find out, will bring whether such an employee of the company benefits or is it better to find alternative options. However, there are exceptions. When it comes to the initial stage of a career, a candidate is allowed to change jobs frequently. For example, a candidate motivates his actions by the desire to work in companies in various industries, to gain experience in the field, or in connection with receiving an offer for promotion. In such cases, an annual job change would be the ideal solution for the candidate. ”

Nevertheless, at an interview with another employer, it will be very difficult for such people to explain the reason for frequent job changes and prove that it is in this company that he will stay more than a year.

Olga Stepanova, managing director RATIONAL GRAIN, I agree with the fact that personnel departments in companies, when selecting candidates for a particular vacancy, are always especially suspicious of candidates who often change jobs. “This happens even if the reasons for the transition, which are voiced by the candidate, sound quite logical. The fears and concerns of HR managers are related to the fact that such a candidate can also quickly leave their company. Also, private transfers can be associated with the fact that people earn a little, and even a minimal increase in salary is important for them - for the sake of it they often choose a new employer. But often this is due to conflicts, lack of results, violation of labor discipline, and so on - these are risk factors for the company. You can check everything, of course, by collecting recommendations. But, often, resumes with short jobs are rejected a priori, ”she says.

Tatiana Karpova, recruiting specialist for recruiting agency Unity: “It is not often today that you meet people on the market who have worked in the same company for 20-30 years. As a rule, these are people of the older generation who value peace, stability and continuity of generations. Young people, for the most part, by the age of 30 already have 2-4 or even more jobs. Moreover, modern realities simply force specialists to change jobs in order to be “in the market”, “in trend”, broaden their horizons, gain new experience and develop expertise.

Not the best alternative

Are people who have worked for the same company for over 10 years valued? No - all experts agree with this opinion.

Olga Stepanova: “The second bias is when an employee, for example, got a job in a company after graduation, and worked in it for 7-10 years. I often noticed that after such candidates move to a new job, they stay there for a short time, and start looking again. As a rule, these situations are associated with the fact that the candidate gets used to a certain environment, corporate culture, it becomes familiar to him, and everything new is not easy for him to accept. He begins to compare his current job with the one where he worked for a long time. Another disadvantage of long-term work in one company is that the candidate ceases to accumulate experience in the market and the eyes are “blurred”. Exceptions - either the employee is moving up the career ladder all this time within the company, receives additional education, or the company is very rapidly and actively developing at this moment, and therefore, the employee manages to replenish his experience with new methods and knowledge. "

Tatyana Karpova: “It is almost impossible for an employee who has been working in one company for more than 10 years to avoid stagnation. Only promotions, a change of department or location - any serious internal changes can save here.

Lydia Lepeshkova, head of recruitment department, ANCOR Professional, believes that in different cases completely different terms of job change are critical: “Long experience in one company is appreciated only in case of growth within this organization, but if a candidate has been working for more than 3-5 years in one position and does not plan career changes, this is, as a rule, it speaks of his passivity and lack of potential. "

Almost all experts point out that the people who change jobs the most today are the sales and administrative staff. The reason is that it is very easy to find jobs for them on the market now. At the same time, people who have been working in their company for a longer period are most often employees of state and budgetary institutions. Tatyana Karpova: “Teachers, doctors, workers of scientific research institutes - they are definitely not in the habit of changing jobs frequently. Production workers are also relatively consistent. But do not forget that this division is still applicable only to large cities, in the periphery the situation is much more complicated, so there people are forced to work for decades in one company simply because there are no alternatives. "

“Students often change jobs,” says Olga Stepanova, “because some of them earn extra money, combining work with study, and if something starts to interfere with work, they change it to a more convenient one, while others are looking for themselves, trying different industries and activities".

Olga also says that the migration of workers from small companies is more active: “The fate of medium and small businesses in Russia is not easy, and they often have problems where they are not in large business. During the crisis years and after, most of the candidates preferred to get jobs in large companies, preferably state corporations, since this guaranteed them at least some kind of stability. Moreover, large companies often train personnel, which allows a person to develop with the company. And in small companies there is much less room for growth and promotion than in large companies. "

But Tatyana Karpova claims the opposite: “There are no uniform tendencies in the duration of work within a company, depending on whether it is small or large. It is not true to say that people work longer in large or Western companies. In our experience, we came across small Russian companies, from which it was almost impossible to "lure" employees, since everything suited them in the current employer. For an employee, it is not the size of the company that matters, but how he feels within the company. A “warm” place for employees can be both a multi-thousand corporation and a company of 15 people. Indexation of wages, comfortable working conditions, training, opportunities for growth and development, corporate culture - these are the factors that keep employees within one company for a long time. "

“Our parents and grandparents did not see any expediency and necessity in changing jobs every two or three years, and they worked quietly within the same organization for decades,” says Tatyana Karpova, “Now the economic environment is rapidly changing and in connection with this, employees of the companies are forced to change something. Today's market leaders may become "second echelon" tomorrow and vice versa - whole new industries are rapidly dying out and emerging. The only way to avoid your own stagnation in such an environment is to change jobs from time to time in search of better wages, satisfaction of career ambitions, striving for more interesting tasks. "

Without going to extremes

What to do? I worked a little - badly, worked a lot - too bad. What should be the optimal average length of work in one company so as not to alert the HR manager the next time he is hired?

All experts agree that people should look for a middle ground, and now it is equal to about two to three years of work in one company, preferably in one industry.

Lydia Lepeshkova: “Of course, the notorious generation Y and its values \u200b\u200bhave already made serious adjustments to the duration of work in one place. These terms are decreasing, and today the term of work in one company for two or three years is normal, whereas five or seven years ago it would be a sign of instability. "

However, most Russians are confident that they will easily find a new job, regardless of how many years they have worked for their current employer. According to a survey conducted in December 2013 by the " Public opinion”, Which was attended by one and a half thousand respondents from 100 settlements of the country, 63% of Russian citizens believe that they will be able to get a new job on similar conditions and with a similar salary in less than two or three months.

Photo: freeimages.com

Over the past few years, Russian legislation has been actively introducing measures that in one way or another force citizens to install water meters. The readings of one such flow meter allow the state to regulate the level of resource consumption, and citizens - to pay only for what they really consumed, without increasing coefficients and overpayment. Requirements for metering devices, their operation, maintenance, replacement and unscheduled inspections are fixed by federal legislation.

Each owner of a residential building or other real estate object must know what responsibility and for what he bears. With regard to water metering equipment, one initial installation with sealing and registration is not enough. The water meter is not indefinite, it must be checked and replaced periodically, but here it is important to be aware of when and what to do if a malfunction is detected, so as not to run into fines and other troubles.

There is a specific procedure for each case. In addition, here the legislation does not strictly limit the owners' options in terms of choosing who will reinstall the devices and when.

Differences between metering devices

Since the main task of metering devices is to obtain the most accurate information about the volume of the consumed resource, it is extremely important that they work properly. Any deviation from the norm already indicates the incorrectness of the information provided, which means that the owner, in case of an untimely reaction to such a thing, has the right to oblige by law to pay at tariffs with increasing coefficients. Considering that, as a rule, equipment is installed, on the contrary, in order to save on payment for this utility service, this is a very unpleasant moment. Moreover, tariffs are regularly increased, and the amount of payment is calculated on the number of registered people.

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You need to know that absolutely all metering devices are subject to scheduled checks and have a limited life. The hot water meter is checked more often than the cold water meter. This is due to the fact that the mechanical parts of the equipment in contact with high temperatures, to which chemical additives are added, succumb to aggressive action and become unusable faster, requiring repair or complete replacement. The frequency of their checking, respectively, is less than that of similar equipment that counts the consumption of cold water.

Approved deadlines

Before talking about what time the meters really need to be changed, it is necessary to take into account the intervals for checking water metering devices. For example, equipment for hot water is checked once every four years, for cold water - every six years. If, as a result of the check, no faults were identified or they were eliminated, there is no need to change the water meters. They continue to serve either until the next check, or until the moment when their term of use expires.

It is worth noting that the service life of water metering devices is not the same for all models. On average, they last twelve years, but one model can be designed for only six years, and another for all eighteen. You can find out about the operating time when buying new equipment, as well as looking at the data sheet. It must indicate this period, that is, an indicator of when it is necessary to change this model, if a breakdown or other damage has not occurred earlier.

The owner of the real estate must monitor the expiration of the life. It is necessary to deal with replacement issues not when the device is already unusable, but at least a month before that, or even one and a half. Regarding scheduled checks every few years, they should also not be missed, but they are usually reminded of them by written notices that come with receipts for payment.

How to check the equipment?

Regardless of how many years later it is necessary to change the water meters, each of them, as a rule, is subject to a scheduled check at least once. In turn, it is important to remember that both scheduled and unscheduled inspections are carried out on a paid basis, and financial obligations fall directly on the property owner. The amount of this service depends on the region where the facility is located and generally does not exceed a thousand rubles. You can pay for the service through any bank branches or Internet services.

Each owner of real estate has the right to organize an unscheduled inspection of the equipment. To do this, he can choose one of the options:

Where should you go?

None of the legislative acts of the Russian Federation have established criteria as to who is engaged in the replacement of water meters. Thus, the owner of the property has a certain freedom in his decisions and actions. He is free to apply not to a government agency, a water utility or a management company, but also to private organizations. These can be service companies that are engaged in similar work and have no problems with the availability of current state licenses for their activities.

In order to replace equipment, you must still obtain the appropriate permission. It indicates the time frame, that is, the time frame for all work to be completed, as well as a list of what is allowed to be done.

What does the owner get when he changes the meter to water:

What can you do yourself?

Government Resolution No. 354, paragraph 81, regulates that the obligation to bear all financial costs for the acquisition, inspection, installation and dismantling of water metering equipment is assigned to the owner of real estate. Only tenants under a social tenancy agreement are exempted from this encumbrance, but only if this obligation is not transferred to them by the municipality when concluding the agreement. Before buying new equipment, it is important to check with the water utility which models are needed in a given region. So, for example, in 2017 it is no longer relevant to purchase a meter of the same model that was purchased, for example, ten years ago.

It is forbidden to unauthorizedly rip off the seals on the meter and remove it without notifying the responsible authorities about it. When this becomes known, the offender will have to pay a fine and pay extra for utility bills. Notification of the removal of seals, dismantling and replacement must be submitted in writing, duly, with the registration of the application and obtaining all permits. At the same time, it is important to review the terms of the contract with the water utility, the management company, to make sure who is responsible for such work.

The question of how often the spark plugs need to be replaced, motorists decide for themselves in different ways. Many try to adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations, who are often advised to change these consumables at every second MOT. Sometimes car owners try to use candles to the last, until the behavior of the car itself tells about an overdue replacement.

The disadvantage of the second approach is quite serious - if motorists do not notice in time or simply ignore the signs of wear on the candles, then one day the car, at best, simply will not start, at worst, it will be necessary to overhaul a failed engine.

Candle replacement timing

You also need to take into account that you need to change the spark plugs, taking into account their type and material of manufacture:

• ordinary candles with a copper electrode must be replaced after 20-30 thousand km,
• devices with platinum and iridium electrodes change after about 90 thousand km.

Also on the market there are candles with copper electrodes coated with yttrium alloy, which somewhat prolongs their service life compared to classical ones. But still, the most "long-playing" are devices with electrodes made of an alloy of iridium and platinum.

It should be borne in mind that the replacement interval for spark plugs is largely determined by the operating conditions of the vehicle, mainly by the quality of the fuel used. Therefore, if you constantly refuel at proven network gas stations, then the candles on your car with a high degree of probability will be able to "go away" the put resource. Nevertheless, approximately every 10 thousand km of run, it is better to visually check the absence of carbon deposits on the electrodes, ceramic chips, etc.

Replacement signs

Spark plug malfunctions manifest themselves in different ways, but they are all related to spark problems. In this case, the driver can almost always feel that driving has become uncomfortable, the engine has lost some of its power, and consumption has increased. True, not everyone pays due attention to these symptoms until the latter progress too much.

Common signs of malfunctioning candles:

1. Misfiring in a cylinder with a bad spark plug can cause the engine to " triple»- a vibration with a low frequency, but a high amplitude appears. It is already extremely difficult not to notice such a symptom - the car begins to shake quite strongly.
2. More dangerous malfunction - glow ignition... In this case, the mixture in the cylinder ignites not from a discharge, but from a high temperature when the candles overheat, that is, at the wrong time.

If a glow ignition occurs, the engine can sometimes continue to run for a while even after the ignition is turned off. This mode quickly destroys the motor.

Often the culprit for unstable engine operation and other problems is the only failed spark plug, but it is recommended to change the entire set at once, observing, if possible, the frequency of replacement of the spark plugs. Otherwise, there is a high probability that such malfunctions will soon repeat due to another faulty device.

What can the condition of the spark plugs tell us?

In the event that the candles have served less than the prescribed period, there is a high probability of malfunctions in the engine or improper operation of the car. Both of these factors must be eliminated in time, otherwise the next set of consumables will last just as little, and the engine life will decrease. Therefore, it is important to unscrew the candles from time to time and evaluate their appearance:

1. The electrode is badly worn out... The cause of the malfunction is often systematic refueling with low-quality fuel. The solution to the problem is to replace worn-out candles and a permanent place for refueling the car. Also wear is caused by the use of low-quality engine oil with aggressive additives.
2. Molten electrode... Along with low-quality fuel, the cause of electrode melting can be the presence of deposits in the combustion chamber, which spontaneously ignite when the engine is running.
3. Black deposits in the form of soot on the electrodes. A common cause of the phenomenon is an incorrect air-fuel mixture in the chamber, usually with an excess of oxygen. The air filter may be heavily clogged, the oxygen sensor is faulty.
4. The presence of oil deposits... Excessive amount of engine oil in the crankcase (above the max line on the dipstick), wear on the piston or piston rings.
5. Slag deposits... They are usually formed due to the action of additives when using low-quality oil.

In short, the use of high-quality gasoline and oil can significantly extend the life of the spark plugs.

The importance of installing spark plugs correctly

The consumable item in question is often rendered unusable by its incorrect installation. The tightening torque of the plugs plays an important role here. For each of them, the necessary moment is indicated on the packaging, but not everyone pays attention to it, and if they do, they consider this parameter to be insignificant. Therefore, not all motorists have a torque wrench - you can tighten it by hand to a certain angle. Practice shows that the moment with a seemingly the same tightening force can differ by tens of N * m.

A smaller set torque cannot provide the required level of tightness and reliability of fastening. High, on the contrary, leads to a violation of the thermal characteristics of the plug and damage to the thread of the part. Recommendations for tightening the spark plugs to a certain angle to a greater extent only prevent their incorrect operation, but this method is by no means correct, therefore it is important not only to know how far to change the spark plugs, but also to install them correctly.

An important condition for normal operation is the correct choice of the type of candles, that is, only those that have been recommended by the manufacturer or their full analogue. The glow number, wrench size and length of the threaded part must match. If for some reason you had to put a candle with a lower one, then you need to operate the car at the lowest possible speed. If the glow number of the spark plug is more than the set one, the engine must be "spun" more.

If you use a spark plug with a short threaded part, then carbon deposits will appear on the free thread in the cylinder head. On the contrary, if you screw in a long-threaded plug, there is a good chance that a piston or valve will hit it.

In a word, the key to the correct operation of spark plugs throughout the entire operating cycle is high-quality fuel, correct installation and selection of original products or their complete analogues.

Neglect of the above rules not only leads to increased fuel consumption and loss of engine power, but also to its failure, as a result of which the engine will need overhaul.

Caring for newborn babies would be more difficult if disposable diapers were not used. These hygiene products, which have appeared relatively recently, have significantly facilitated the already difficult everyday life of young parents. Mothers who have given birth for the first time still have questions about how often a baby's diaper needs to be changed. All newly minted parents need to understand such things, since the well-being of the baby directly depends on the correctness of their actions.

It is important to take proper care of your baby's skin, it is very sensitive. If a child wears a diaper for too long, then contact with urine and feces can cause irritation on the skin - from slight redness to itching and rash, diaper rash often appears. Unpleasant symptoms can be easily avoided by knowing how often to change the diaper and how to treat the baby's skin afterwards.

How do you know when it's time to change your diaper?

Each mother has her own answer to this question, based on personal experience. Some believe that diapers should be changed on schedule, following precisely defined time intervals. Others believe that changing the diaper is necessary after the baby has defecated. The third party states that these hygiene items need to be replaced depending on their fill level.

It cannot be argued that some of the three opinions are wrong, but some are the only true. There is no single answer, and the frequency of replacement largely depends on the age of the baby. The younger the children, the more often diapers need to be changed. You can follow these guidelines:

1. If the child has not yet reached the age of 3 months, then the diapers are changed every 3-4 hours. Babies pee several times more often than older children. If there is feces in the diaper, replacement should be immediate. The frequency of changing diapers depends on the condition of the baby's skin, which is very sensitive at an early age.
2. For a child from 3 months. up to six months, you can change diapers less often - after 4-6 hours. You also need to periodically check the degree of their fullness, if the diaper is full, replacement will be required after less time.
3. By the age of one year, the frequency of bowel movements decreases, at this time it is no longer necessary to adhere to the time schedule - replacement is made as it fills.

Should I wake my baby up at night to change diapers?

Don't forget to change diapers at night. Ideally, you should periodically wake up on an alarm clock and check the fullness of the diapers, as well as the dry skin of the baby. If everything is dry, you should not interrupt the child's night sleep. But if the baby pooped in a dream, the diaper should be replaced, otherwise the feces will irritate the skin in the groin area.

Do not think too much about how often diapers need to be changed at night. If the child is sleeping peacefully, he can sleep until morning in one diaper (in the absence of feces). In case of discomfort, the baby himself will give a sign in the form of crying.

There are products specially designed for night time. Such diapers are particularly comfortable - they are of a larger volume and will not leak from the back and sides. Overnight diapers absorb more liquid than standard diapers. With them, you do not have to worry that the baby's sleep will be disturbed.

How to change correctly?

In addition to replacing a used diaper with a new one, you need to keep the baby's skin clean. It is important to cleanse the skin of urine and feces every time, as well as treat it with anti-inflammatory agents.

If you have never had to change diapers for a newborn before, you should not be afraid of the procedure itself - there are no difficulties in it. You will need:

1. new diaper;
2. soap and warm water (or sanitary napkins);
3. towel;
4. baby cream or powder.

1. unbutton the dirty diaper, but do not rush to take it off;
2. using a clean front of the product, remove all traces of discharge from the baby's skin;
3. to roll up the old diaper, take the baby by the ankles and gently lift it so that the butt is above the table;
4. roll up a dirty diaper and throw it away;
5. wash the baby with water and soap (if the child is a boy, the procedure is carried out as usual, girls only need to be washed from front to back);
6. dry your skin with a towel;
7. apply cream or dry powder to the crotch area.

Important: When washing, you do not need to use soap-based products every time, despite the fact that they are specifically designed for children. Soap easily upsets the delicate balance of the intimate microflora, which is especially important for girls. Use soap once a day, no more. If there is no heavy contamination, you can use plain warm water or sanitary napkins.

Putting on a new product after all the procedures, you need to correctly position the diaper. The back of it should be located exactly under the baby's butt, and the front should be straightened between the legs. If the baby is under 1 month old, it is important to ensure that the edges of the product do not rub against the wound on the navel. To avoid this, diapers designed for newborns can be purchased.

How to find emollients for baby skin

If everything is clear with how often newborn diapers need to be changed, the last question remains - how to properly care for the skin? According to Dr. Komarovsky, it is better to prevent diaper rash and irritation in advance so that they do not have to be treated later with the help of other means.

Even if you change diapers in a timely manner, you cannot 100% avoid the appearance of redness on the skin. Therefore, it is important to use auxiliary agents - talcum powder (aka powder) or baby cream.

Correctly selected products will not cause allergies in the baby and will help to avoid skin irritation. If you notice that redness appears after using the powder or cream, you need to replace them with other products. Probably, some of the ingredients in their composition caused an allergic reaction in the baby.

If the baby is prone to, it is better to use a powder. If, on the contrary, the skin is dry and peeling, then you need to change the soap when washing for gels and foams, and treat the skin in the genital area with a fat baby cream.

Feces and urine negatively affect the condition of the baby's skin, prolonged contact leads to a rash and the appearance of a rather painful and itchy rash. Such inconvenience will certainly affect the general condition and mood of the child.

One way or another, no matter what is written in the instructions on how often to change diapers for newborns, skills come only with experience. Each child requires an individual approach. Be prepared for the fact that at first you may have to change several brands of diapers and skin care products.