American sociologists conducted a study on the basis of which they established that work should be changed at least once every 5-7 years. It is after this period that labor productivity sharply decreases and tends to zero. Don't be afraid to change jobs so you don't lose interest in life.

If you ask this question to people of the older generation, then, most likely, the answer will be negative.

During the period of socialism, as a rule, they tended to stay at work in the same organization as long as possible. The titles "Veteran of Labor", "Honored Worker", as well as labor dynasties, when several generations of one family worked in a row at one enterprise, were in great honor.

In modern society, frequent job changes have ceased to be a rarity, and with each new entry in the work book, the employee asks the question: how many years do you need to work in one place, and how the employer will react to this. According to research conducted by the recruiting agency Penny Lane Personnel on the change of job for senior and middle managers aged 22-26, 23% of them changed jobs 4 times, 21% - 3 times, respectively, 20% changed the company 5 times, 15 % have work experience with two employers, 13% changed jobs 6-10 times.

The smallest part of the surveyed - only 8% of the total - worked in one workplace. As it turned out, the duration of work in one place is influenced, first of all, by the sphere of business to which the employing company belongs. There are still areas in which a person retains a job for 5-10 years or more, and a career within one organization is encouraged. These are quite conservative metallurgical and oil and gas companies today.

They are interested in the employee staying in the workplace longer, providing him with opportunities for growth, while developing his own infrastructure, making significant investments in health care, housing construction, and kindergartens. These companies implement motivational programs for employees, they are provided with compensation.

Moreover, work in one workplace in this case is reflected in career development. As a rule, personal results can be assessed after at least three years of work in the same company. With positive results, a gradual ascent up the career ladder is carried out. Similar career paths are observed in healthcare, finance, teaching staff in the education system, and higher education institutions.

But there are types of modern business, such as advertising, media, Internet business, where a different scenario operates. A change of team is often necessary here. Therefore, in this area, the employer makes different demands on his staff.

Experience of at least a year - as you can see, the time interval for being in one position or workplace is much shorter. In such areas, workers with diverse experience are preferred. These are designers, sales managers, project managers. Experience of at least 3 years in such areas is desirable for heads of departments.

A new trend has emerged among young people: about 70% of them are determined to open their own business. Often they, having become successful and having acquired the necessary experience and knowledge in the company, unite to start their own business, often quite successfully. It should be noted that a modern manager is quite mobile. Job changes are often driven by better deals. Therefore, recruiters are initially confident that a person is ready to change jobs, no matter what it is, and no matter how much they like it.

According to statistics, more than half of the "defectors" are people between the ages of 22 and 29, who are quite satisfied with their work. As the labor market develops, there are more and more new opportunities for professionals, especially in large cities. For 53% of people, when changing jobs, the material component is important, 35% are interested in career growth in a new job, and only a minority - 32% - are driven by the desire to increase and diversify professional experience.

A competent employee knows and monitors the labor market well, knows the right companies. As a rule, it meets their requirements. Such a specialist will not miss the opportunity for career growth, which in modern conditions is often impossible within one company, where higher management positions are occupied by young workers, and their retirement will take place in the very distant future.

In traditional industries, frequent job changes put the employer on guard. When hiring, a person must adapt for some time. This usually takes about half a year. The return on the newly hired specialist should be expected only by the end of the year.

Therefore, for Western companies, the optimal working time for a candidate in one job is 3-5 years, while Russian companies have less stringent requirements. In some firms, it is believed that a person who has worked in one place for a long time will find it difficult to adapt to another corporate culture, and they refuse to hire him.

However, there are also employers who welcome work in one place for a long time, 10 years or more. They consider this a criterion for literacy, stability and high loyalty. As you can see, the requirements of modern employers are varied, and often contradictory. But no company welcomes so-called job-seekers. Moreover, the employer is especially wary of a sharp change in specialization.

For example, a person today runs a transport company, tomorrow a restaurant, and then looks for a position in the insurance business. According to experts, this does not in any way indicate high and versatile professionalism. The constant change of work is often perceived by the employer as an indicator of a person's conflict or a person's conflict in himself.

Most likely, this is an unstable and immature person who has not decided what he wants or does not know how to achieve it. The employer quite justifiably has doubts: how long will such an employee stay in a new place?

Whether to change your workplace for a new one is up to you. The main thing is to analyze what is the main prerequisite for a change of place. It must be remembered that by changing your job to an equivalent one, you practically do not gain anything in terms of professional growth. Not in all professions, changing jobs can make it more varied: an accountant, for example, will never escape routine.

When changing a workplace, each person is guided by many factors, general recommendations do not work here. Unless you convince the employer that when changing jobs you were guided by the desire for the best, to focus on the desire for professional and personal growth, which was difficult at the previous job, to prove your activity and the presence of ideas. The main thing is the skills and knowledge that you have acquired, and now you can offer the employer.

Many car owners do not know how long to change the oil in the engine of their car, or doubt the data provided by the manufacturer on the frequency of replacement of consumables. And for good reason. through every 10-15 thousand kilometers is often not entirely true.

Better with this be guided by the number of hours worked and the average speed... There are many components in the answer to the question of how often to change the oil in the engine. Among them are the recommendations of the car manufacturer, the operating conditions of the car (heavy / light, in the city / on the highway, often / rarely used), the mileage before oil change and the total mileage, the technical condition of the car and the oil used.

Also, additional factors affect the frequency of changing the oil in the engine - the number of operating hours, the power and volume of the engine, the time since the last oil change (even without taking into account the operation of the machine). Next, we will tell you in detail about how often to change the oil in the engine, how it happens, and other things that will probably be useful to you.

For those who do not want to go into details and understand everything in detail, we will immediately give an answer on the change interval: in urban conditions, the oil "works" 8-12 thousand, on the highway / light traffic mode without traffic jams it works out up to 15 thousand km. The most accurate way to find out when to change can only be provided by a laboratory analysis of oil consumption.

What affects the frequency of replacement

Each automaker in the manual for the car indicates detailed information about when to change the oil in the engine. However, the fact is that this information is not always correct. As a rule, the documentation contains a value of 10 ... 15 thousand kilometers (in each case, the number may differ). But in fact, several factors affect the mileage between replacements.

10 indicators affecting the timing of engine oil change

1. Fuel type (gas, petrol, diesel) and its quality
2. Engine capacity
3. Brand of previously filled oil (synthetic, Semy-Synt, mineral oil)
4. Classification and type of oils used (API and longlife system)
5. Engine oil condition
6. Replacement method
7. Total engine mileage
8. Technical condition of the car
9. Operating conditions and modes
10. Consumable quality

The manufacturer's instructions are not included in this list, since for him the service interval is a marketing concept.

Operating modes

First of all, the timing of the oil change in the engine is affected by vehicle operation... Without going into the essence of various transient processes, it is worth mentioning two main modes - on the highway and in the city. The fact is that when the car is driving on the highway, firstly, the mileage accumulates much faster, and secondly, the engine is cooled normally. Accordingly, the load on the engine and on the oil used in it is not so high. On the contrary, if a car is used in a city, then its mileage will be much lower, and the load on the engine will be higher due to the fact that it often stands at traffic lights and traffic jams with the engine running. The cooling will be insufficient.

In this regard, it would be more competent to calculate how long it takes to change the oil in the engine, relying on engine hoursas it is done in cargo, agricultural and water technology. Let's give an example. 10 thousand kilometers in urban conditions (with an average speed of 20 ... 25 km / h), the car will travel in 400 ... 500 hours. And the same 10 thousand on the highway at a speed of 100 km / h - in only 100 hours. Moreover, the operating conditions of the engine and oil on the track are much milder.

Driving in a metropolis is rightly equated with driving on rough terrain in terms of how it ruins oil. This is especially true when its level in the crankcase is below average, and even worse when it is below the minimum level. Also remember that in hot summer weather the oil is subjected to a much greater load due to the high temperature, including from the hot surfaces of roads in metropolitan areas.

Engine volume and type

What affects the frequency of oil changes

The more powerful the engine, the easier it is for it to cope with load changes and difficult operating conditions. Accordingly, the oil will not have such a strong effect. For a powerful motor, driving along the highway at a speed of 100 ... 130 km / h does not have a significant load, it will be below average. As the speed increases, the load on the engine, and therefore on the oil, will change smoothly.

A small car is another matter. As a rule, they are equipped with a “short” transmission, that is, the gears are designed for a small speed range and a range of working revolutions. Accordingly, subcompact engines experience higher loads in critical modes than powerful ones. When the load on the engine increases, the temperature of its pistons also increases, and the amount of crankcase gases also increases. This leads to an overall rise in temperature, including the temperature of the oil.

It is especially hard for subcompact high-powered engines (for example, 1.2 TSI and others). In this case, the load is also supplemented by the turbine.

Additional factors

This should include a high temperature control temperature (operating temperature), poor ventilation of the engine crankcase (especially when driving in urban conditions), the use of low-quality or unsuitable oil for this engine, the presence of dirt in the oil channels, a clogged oil filter, the operating temperature range of the oil.

It is believed that the optimal engine oil change interval is 200 to 400 hours under various operating conditions, excluding maximum load, including driving at maximum speed and maximum revs.

Also of great importance is the type of oil used - or completely. You can read about each of the mentioned types separately on the links provided.

Why do you need regular oil changes

Instrument panel display

What can happen to the car if the engine oil is not changed for a long time? To answer this question, you need to understand what functions it performs. Any oil consists of the so-called "base" and a certain amount of additives. It is they who protect engine parts.

During the operation of the machine, and even when it is parked, there is a continuous chemical destruction of the additives. Naturally, when driving, this process is faster. At the same time, natural deposits are formed on the engine crankcase, oxidative processes occur with individual components of the oil, its viscosity and even the pH level of acidity change. These facts are the answers to the question - why change the oil once a year at least.

Some automakers and manufacturers of motor oils indicate how long it takes to change the oil in the engine not by mileage, but by frequency, usually by months.

And under significant load, the described processes in the oil occur at an even higher rate. Especially at high temperatures. However, modern manufacturers are constantly improving the technologies and chemical compositions of their oils. Therefore, they are able to withstand pollution and high temperatures for a long time.

In many modern cars, the ECU constantly monitors how long it takes to change the engine oil. Naturally, this decision is made on the basis of an empirical methodology. It is based on actual data - the average number of engine revolutions, oil and engine temperatures, the number of cold starts, speed, and so on. In addition, the program takes into account errors and technical tolerances. Therefore, the computer only reports the approximate timewhen the engine oil needs to be changed.

Unfortunately, on the shelves of stores not only in the Russian Federation, but also in other CIS countries, a large number of low-quality or simply fake engine oils are currently sold. And given that our fuel is often of poor quality, the frequency of oil change still needs to be adjusted. In particular, if we talk about how many kilometers to change the oil in the engine, then the recommended amount should be reduced by about a third. That is, instead of the often recommended 10 thousand, change after 7 ... 7.5 thousand.

Change the oil AT LEAST once a year, regardless of whether you are using the machine or not.

Let's list the reasons and consequences of untimely replacement of engine oil:

• Sediment formation... The reasons for this phenomenon are the destruction of additives or contamination of the oil by combustion products in the crankcase. The consequences are a significant decrease in engine power, an increase in the content of toxic substances in the exhaust gases, and their blackening.
• Significant engine wear... Reasons - oils lose their properties due to changes in the composition of additives.
• Increase in oil viscosity... This can happen for the same reasons. In particular, due to oxidation or violation of polymerization of additives due to improper selection of oil. The problems arising from this include difficulties with oil circulation, significant wear of the engine and its individual elements. And the resulting oil starvation of the engine can lead to, in critical cases, even engine failure is possible.
• Rotation of connecting rod bearings... This is due to the clogging of the oil channel with a thickened compound. The smaller its cross-sectional area, the greater the loads the connecting rod bearings are subjected to. Because of this, they overheat and crank.
• Significant turbocharger wear (if available). In particular. there is a high risk of damage to the rotor. It occurs because the used oil has a significant impact on the compressor shaft and bearings. As a result, damage and scratches are formed on them. And besides that, dirty oil leads to clogging of the compressor lubrication channels, which can lead to its seizure.

Do not operate the machine with burnt and thickened oil. This exposes the motor to significant wear.

The problems described above are inherent in machines operating in urban environments. After all, it is she who is considered one of the most difficult for the engine. Below are some interesting factual data that were obtained experimentally. They will help you decide how far to change the engine oil.

Experimental results with oils

Specialists of the famous automobile magazine "Za Rulem" carried out six-month studies of several types of synthetic oils under conditions of operation of cars in city traffic jams (at idle). For this, the engines worked for 120 hours (analogous to the run of 10 thousand kilometers on the highway) at 800 rpm without cooling. As a result, interesting facts were obtained ...

The first is the viscosity of all engine oils during prolonged idle operation up to a certain (critical) moment significantly lessthan when driving “on the highway”. This is due to the fact that at idle there is a passage of exhaust gases and unburned fuel into the crankcase, where all this is mixed with oil. In this case, there may be some (small) amount of oil in the fuel.

The value of the drop in the viscosity of the engine oil is about 0.4 ... 0.6 cSt (centistokes). This value is within 5 ... 6% of the average level. That is, the viscosity is within the normal range. However, this happens only up to a certain point.

Clean and used engine oils

Approximately at 70 ... 100 operating hours (each oil is different, but the trend is the same for all) the viscosity begins to rise sharply. And much faster than when working in the "track" mode. The reasons for this are as follows. The oil is constantly in contact with the products of incomplete combustion (as described above), and reaches its critical saturation. These products have a certain acidity, which is transferred to the oil. The lack of ventilation and low turbulence of the air-fuel mixture due to the fact that the piston moves relatively slowly are also affected. Because of this, the fuel combustion rate is below average, and the ingress of exhaust gases into the crankcase is maximum.

The widespread opinion that a large amount of dirt is formed in the engine in idle mode has not been experimentally confirmed. However, the amount of high-temperature deposits was small, and the amount of low-temperature deposits was large.

As for the wear products, their quantity is much higher in the oil operated in the "plug" mode than in the one that was on the "highway". The reason for this is the low piston speed and the high operating temperature of the oil (no ventilation). With regard to waste, each oil behaves in its own way. However, it can be argued that due to high operating temperatures and an increase in density, waste will also increase.

Based on the information provided, we will try to systematize the data and answer the question after how many kilometers to change the oil in the engine.

Next, we will dwell in more detail on the question of how often to change the oil in the engine. As mentioned above, the recommendations of the automakers should be very skeptical. Don't completely ignore them, but make your amendments... If you drive a car only in urban conditions (according to statistics, there are a majority of such car owners), then this means that the oil is used in heavy duty. Remember that the less oil in the crankcase, the faster it ages. Therefore, its optimal level is slightly lower on the indicator dipstick.

How many thousand will it take to change the engine oil?

Calculating engine hours for oil change

Above we wrote that it is more competent to calculate the frequency of oil change by engine hours. However, the complexity of this technique lies in the fact that sometimes it is difficult to convert kilometers into hours, and based on this information, get an answer. Let's take a closer look at two techniques that allow empirically, however, it is quite accurate to calculate how much to change the synthetic (and not only) oil in the engine. To do this, your car must have an ECU that shows the average speed and fuel consumption for the last at least one thousand kilometers (the greater the mileage, the more accurate the calculations will be).

So, the first method (calculation by speed). To do this, you need to know the average speed of your car for the last several thousand kilometers and the recommendations of the automaker on which mileage you need to change the oil. For example, the mileage before the oil change is 15 thousand kilometers, and the average speed in the city is 29.5 km / h.

Accordingly, to calculate the number of engine hours, the distance must be divided by the speed. In our case, it will be 15000 / 29.5 \u003d 508 engine hours. That is, it turns out that in order to change the oil under these conditions, it is necessary to use a composition with a resource of 508 engine hours. However, in reality, such oils simply do not exist today.

We offer you a table showing the types of engine oils and the corresponding values \u200b\u200bof engine hours according to API (American Petroleum Institute):

Let's assume that the car engine is filled with SM / SN oil, which has a working life of 350 hours. To calculate the mileage, you need to multiply 350 hours by an average speed of 29.5 km / h. As a result, we get 10325 km. As you can see, this mileage is strikingly different from the one that the automaker offers us. And if the average speed is 21.5 km / h (which is more typical for large metropolitan areas, taking into account traffic jams and downtime), then with the same 350 engine hours we will get 7525 km of run! Now it becomes clear why it is necessary to divide the mileage recommended by the car manufacturer by 1.5 ... 2 times.

Another calculation method is based on the amount of fuel consumed. As initial data, you need to know how much fuel according to the passport your car spends per 100 km of track, as well as this actual value. It can be taken from the same ECU. Suppose that according to the passport the car “takes” 8 l / 100 km, but in fact - 10.6 l / 100 km. The replacement mileage remains the same - 15,000 km. We derive the proportion and find out how much in theory the car must spend on overcoming 15,000 km: 15,000 km * 8 liters / 100 km \u003d 1200 liters. Now we will make similar calculations for actual data: 15000 * 10.6 / 100 \u003d 1590 liters.

Now we need to calculate at what distance it is necessary to draw actual oil change (that is, how much the car will travel on theoretical 1200 liters of fuel). Let's use a similar proportion: 1200 liters * 15000 km / 1590 liters \u003d 11320 km.

We present for you an electronic calculator that will allow you to calculate the actual mileage before oil change using the following data: theoretical fuel consumption per 100 km, actual fuel consumption per 100 km, theoretical distance to oil change in kilometers:

However, the simplest and most effective method of checking is a visual inspection of the condition of the oil. To do this, do not be lazy to periodically open the hood and check whether the oil has thickened or burnt. His condition can be assessed visually. If you see the oil dripping off the dipstick like water, then this is a sure sign that the oil needs to be replaced. Another interesting test method is the spreading of the composition on a napkin. Very thin oil will form a large and liquid stain that will tell you that it is time to change the liquid. If so, immediately go to a car service or perform the procedure yourself.

How often to change the oil in a diesel engine

With regard to diesel engines, the same calculation logic applies here as for gasoline units. It is only necessary to take into account that the working fluid in them is exposed to greater external influences. As a result, you need to change it a little more often. In addition, domestic diesel fuel has a high sulfur content, which has a detrimental effect on the car engine.

Regarding the indications given by the car manufacturer (especially for Western manufacturers), similar to gasoline engines, they must be divided by 1.5 ... 2 times. This applies to cars as well as vans and small trucks.

As a rule, most domestic car owners of cars with diesel engines change the oil. every 7 ... 10 thousand kilometers of run depending on the machine and the oil used.

In theory, oil selection is based on total base number (TBN). It measures the amount of active anti-corrosion additives in the oil and indicates the tendency of their formulations to form deposits. The higher the number, the greater the ability of the oil to neutralize acidic and corrosive products formed during oxidation. For diesel engines TBN is within 11 ... 14 units.

The second important number that characterizes the oil is the total acid number (TAN). It characterizes the presence of products in the oil that provoke an increase in corrosion and the intensity of wear of various pairs of friction in a car engine.

However, before deciding how many hours to change the oil in an engine running on diesel fuel, it is necessary to deal with one nuance. In particular, is it possible to use engine oils with a low base number (TBN) in countries with low-quality fuel (in particular, Russian, which contains a large amount of sulfur)? During the operation of the engine, and, accordingly, the oil, the base number decreases, and the acid number increases. Therefore, it is logical to assume. that the intersection of their graphs at a certain mileage of the car tells us that the oil has completely exhausted its resource, and then its operation only ruins the engine. We present to your attention graphs of tests of four types of oils with different indicators of acid and base numbers. For the experiment, four types of oils were taken with the conventional names of the letters of the English alphabet:

• oil A - 5W30 (TBN 6.5);
• oil B - 5W30 (TBN 9.3);
• oil C - 10W30 (TBN 12);
• oil D - 5W30 (TBN 9.2).

As you can see from the graph, the test results were as follows:

• oil A - 5W30 (TBN 6.5) - was completely used up after 7000 km;
• oil B - 5W30 (TBN 9.3) - was completely used up after 11,500 km;
• oil C - 10W30 (TBN 12) - was completely used up after 18,000 km;
• oil D - 5W30 (TBN 9.2) - was completely used up after 11,500 km.

That is, the most persistent oil turned out to be for heavily loaded diesel engines. What conclusions can be drawn based on the information provided:

1. A high base number (TBN) is critical for regions where poor quality diesel fuel is sold (in particular, with high S impurities). Using this oil will provide you with a longer and safer engine operation.
2. If you are sure of the quality of the fuel you are using, then it will be enough for you to use oils with a TBN value in the region of 11 ... 12.
3. Similar reasoning holds true for gasoline engines. It is better to fill in oils with TBN \u003d 8 ... 10. This will allow you to change the oil less often. If you use oil with TBN \u003d 6 ... 7, then in this case be prepared for more frequent fluid changes.

For general reasons, it should be added that in diesel engines it is necessary to change the oil a little more often than in gasoline ones. And it is worth choosing it, including by the value of the total acid and base numbers.

conclusions

Thus, each car owner must decide for himself how long to change the oil in the engine. This must be done taking into account individual circumstances. We recommend that you use the methods for calculating the hours and gasoline consumption given above (including calculators). In addition, always visually assess the condition of the oil in the crankcase. This will significantly reduce the wear on your car's engine, which will save you from having to carry out expensive repairs. Also, when replacing, buy quality oils recommended by the manufacturer.

If it dries up, it becomes a pleasant, golden hue. At this moment, it should be taken out of the oven ... OMG! I'm writing about thermal paste!

From this article, you will learn how often you need to change the thermal paste on the processor or video card. How long does it dry and what is a sign that it is time to start replacing.

How often should the thermal grease be changed?

Answer: depends on the brand of thermal paste. If this is KPT-8 (old but reliable), then you can not think about replacing in the next 4-5 of the yearafter application. Of course, if the computer was not subject to serious overheating, which would “dry” it ahead of time.

Owners of Arctic Cooling MX-3 can forget about replacement for record time in 8 years old! After such a period, you must agree, it is more expedient to replace the obsolete part with a new one than to mess with thermal paste.

AlSil-3, like KPT-8, has a service life not exceeding 5 years old, then it should be updated.

Thermalright products have a minimum life of 1 (!) Year.

The amount of thermal paste applied also plays a role.

If only a tiny amount of it is applied between the processor and the heatsink sole, then it will dry faster, this is logical. On the other hand, I do not recommend smearing it, like butter on bread. There will be no benefit.

Limiting temperatures are an important factor

If the processor heats up to, say, 60 degrees maximum - that's one thing. But if it works at temperatures bordering a hundred, that's a whole different story. In such conditions, anything will dry out. And it will happen much faster. However, I could not find numerical correlations between temperature and drying, everything was just "by eye".

How long does thermal paste dry?

Perhaps we answered this question above: they play a role:

a) applied volumes

b) temperature

c) product brand.

Finally: do not puzzle over the problem until the computer is noticeable. It will help to determine this.

Anna Petrova, who came to Moscow from the small Volga town of Engels, works in company for almost a year now. Unfortunately, she realized that she was not satisfied with much in this company, only now. She is afraid to quit, because she is not sure that future employers will normally accept such a short period of her work in her previous job. She cannot be in search of work longer than 2-3 months - she has to pay for rented housing, which is very expensive in Moscow. And to change "an awl for soap" - quickly get a similar position in another company, where in a year she may also be disappointed, she does not want.

Injustice or Regularity?

Experts from the International Labor Organization (ILO) argue that the upward trend in unemployment in the world labor market in 2014 will continue: in 2013 alone, the number of unemployed increased by 5 million, and by 2016 this figure will approach more than 200 million.

At the end of 2013, the unemployment rate in Russia, according to the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, was 5.2% of the economically active population - four million people. “Today the unemployment rate in Russia is one of the lowest - less than 6%. For 2014, this figure will remain within this figure, - the company's experts predict ManpowerGroup- Another thing is that unemployment rates vary significantly in regions and large cities and in some regions they reach critical levels: Zabaikalsky Krai - about 10%, Tyva - more than 18%, Ingushetia - about 48%. We need to fight this phenomenon ”. What exactly is needed to ensure that the unemployment rate not only does not grow, but also decreases?

One of the many factors influencing the rise in unemployment is the lack of flexibility in the Russian labor market. Experts argue that it is necessary to stimulate part-time and short-term employment. Unfortunately, Russian employers are often extremely dismissive of people whose average term of work in one company is two years or less.

Executive. ru asked the experts of recruiting agencies what is better - to build a career within one company, or to gain versatile experience, moving from one company to another, without staying in one for more than a year and a half. Why is both not considered normal, in which companies and industries people change jobs more often, and what experience is more appreciated in the Russian market.

“Recently, for the Russian labor market,” says Yuri Dorfman, partner of a headhunting company Cornerstone, - a typical situation is when candidates change jobs quite often. In most cases, the frequent change of employer is, if not negative, then alarming. For example, if a candidate changes employers within the same position within one or two years without good reason, the potential employer will approach such candidates with great caution, asking them at the interview a large number of clarifying questions, trying to find out, will bring whether such an employee of the company benefits or is it better to find alternative options. However, there are exceptions. When it comes to the initial stage of a career, the candidate is allowed to change jobs frequently. For example, a candidate motivates his actions by the desire to work in companies in various industries, to gain experience in the field, or in connection with receiving an offer for promotion. In such cases, an annual job change would be the ideal solution for the candidate. ”

Nevertheless, at an interview with another employer, it will be very difficult for such people to explain the reason for frequent job changes and to prove that it is in this company that they will stay more than a year.

Olga Stepanova, managing director RATIONAL GRAIN, I agree with the fact that personnel departments in companies, when selecting candidates for a particular vacancy, are always especially suspicious of candidates who often change jobs. “This happens even if the reasons for the transition, which are voiced by the candidate, sound quite logical. The fears and concerns of HR managers are related to the fact that such a candidate can also quickly leave their company. Also, private transfers can be associated with the fact that people earn a little, and even a minimal salary increase is important for them - for the sake of it they often choose a new employer. But often this is due to conflicts, lack of results, violation of labor discipline, and so on - these are risk factors for the company. You can check everything, of course, by collecting recommendations. But, often, resumes with short jobs are rejected a priori, ”she says.

Tatiana Karpova, recruiting specialist for recruiting agency Unity: “It is not often today that you meet people on the market who have worked in the same company for 20-30 years. As a rule, these are people of the older generation who value peace, stability and continuity of generations. Young people, for the most part, by the age of 30 already have 2-4 or even more jobs. Moreover, modern realities simply force specialists to change jobs in order to be “in the market”, “in trend”, broaden their horizons, gain new experience and develop expertise.

Not the best alternative

Are people who have worked for the same company for over 10 years valued? No - all experts agree with this opinion.

Olga Stepanova: “The second bias is when an employee, for example, got a job in a company after graduation and worked in it for 7-10 years. I often noticed that after such candidates move to a new job, they stay there for a short time, and start looking again. As a rule, these situations are associated with the fact that the candidate gets used to a certain environment, corporate culture, it becomes familiar to him, and everything new is not easy for him to accept. He begins to compare his current job with the one where he worked for a long time. Another disadvantage of long-term work in one company is that the candidate ceases to accumulate experience in the market and the eye becomes blurred. Exceptions - either the employee is moving up the career ladder all this time within the company, receives additional education, or the company is very rapidly and actively developing at this moment, and therefore, the employee manages to replenish his experience with new methods and knowledge. "

Tatyana Karpova: “It is almost impossible for an employee who has been working in one company for more than 10 years to avoid stagnation. Only promotions, a change of department or location - any major internal changes can save here.

Lydia Lepeshkova, head of recruitment department, ANCOR Professional, believes that in different cases completely different terms of job change are critical: “Long experience in one company is appreciated only in case of growth within this organization, but if a candidate has been working for more than 3-5 years in one position and does not plan career changes, this is, as a rule, it speaks of his passivity and lack of potential ”.

Almost all experts point out that the people who change jobs the most today are the sales and administrative staff. The reason is that it is very easy to find work for them in the market now. At the same time, people who have been working in their company for a longer period are most often employees of state and budgetary institutions. Tatyana Karpova: “Teachers, doctors, employees of scientific research institutes - they are definitely not in the habit of changing jobs frequently. Production workers are also relatively consistent. But do not forget that this division is still applicable only to large cities, in the periphery the situation is much more complicated, so there people are forced to work for decades in one company simply because there are no alternatives. "

“Students often change jobs,” says Olga Stepanova, “because some of them earn extra money, combining work with study, and if something starts to interfere with work, they change it to a more convenient one, while others are looking for themselves, trying different industries and activities".

Olga also says that the migration of workers from small companies is more active: “The fate of medium and small businesses in Russia is not easy, and they often have problems where they are not in large business. During the crisis years and after, most of the candidates preferred to get jobs in large companies, preferably state corporations, since this guaranteed them at least some kind of stability. Moreover, large companies are often engaged in staff training, which allows a person to develop together with the company. And in small companies the opportunities for growth and promotion are much less than in large companies. "

But Tatyana Karpova claims the opposite: “There are no uniform tendencies in the duration of work within the company, depending on whether it is small or large. It is not true to say that people work longer in large or Western companies. In our experience, we have come across small Russian companies, from which it was almost impossible to "lure" employees, since everything suited them in the current employer. For an employee, it is not the size of the company that matters, but how he feels within the company. A “warm” place for employees can be both a multi-thousand corporation and a company of 15 people. Indexation of wages, comfortable working conditions, training, opportunities for growth and development, corporate culture - these are the factors that keep employees within one company for a long time. "

“Our parents and grandparents did not see any expediency and necessity in changing jobs every two or three years, and they worked quietly within the same organization for decades,” says Tatyana Karpova, “Now the economic environment is rapidly changing and in connection with this, employees of the companies are forced to change something. Today's market leaders may become "second echelon" tomorrow and vice versa - whole new industries are quickly dying out and emerging. The only way to avoid your own stagnation in such an environment is to change jobs from time to time in search of better wages, satisfaction of career ambitions, striving for more interesting tasks. "

Without going to extremes

What to do? I worked a little - badly, worked a lot - too bad. What should be the optimal average length of work in one company so as not to alert the HR manager the next time he is hired?

All experts agree that people should look for a middle ground, and now it is equal to about two to three years of work in one company, preferably in one industry.

Lydia Lepeshkova: “Of course, the notorious generation Y and its values \u200b\u200bhave already made serious adjustments to the duration of work in one place. These terms are decreasing, and today the term of work in one company for two or three years is normal, whereas five or seven years ago it would be a sign of instability. "

However, most Russians are confident that they will easily find a new job, regardless of how many years they have worked for their current employer. According to a survey conducted in December 2013 by the " Public opinion”, Which was attended by one and a half thousand respondents from 100 settlements of the country, 63% of Russian citizens believe that they can get a new job on similar conditions and with a similar salary in less than two to three months.

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Like any other metering device, a water meter has a certain service life, after which it must either be repaired or replaced. Repairing tachometric water meters, which in the overwhelming majority of cases are installed in apartments, is unprofitable - it is much easier to buy a new one right away. How to determine whether it is worth doing, whether it is necessary to change the water meters every 4 years and what determines the period of its operation - all this is below.

Warranty period, service life of the meter and calibration interval

Many people often confuse the concepts of "service life", "warranty period" and "calibration interval". Therefore, to understand whether it is necessary to change water meters every 4 years, it is necessary to understand the difference between them.

The useful life or service life is the period during which the device can perform its functions. The standard service life is established by the manufacturer. For mechanical devices, it is about 10 years. However, in practice, the water meter can work longer or, on the contrary, fail earlier - it all depends on the operating conditions and the quality of manufacture of a particular instance.

The warranty period is the period during which the identified defects in the operation of the device are eliminated at the expense of the manufacturer. In the case of meters, the device is usually simply replaced with a new one. The warranty period for this is usually 3-5 years.

Calibration interval is the period between two device verifications, that is, procedures that allow you to determine the possibility of its further use. For most tachometer meters, it is 4 years when used to measure the flow of hot water and 6 years for measuring the flow of cold water.

High-quality tachometric water meters may well work for more than 10 years - after all, they are designed for such a service life. If the meter is made of high quality, the water does not contain a large amount of impurities, a coarse filter is installed, the volume of consumption is small, and the tap rarely opens to its maximum - this period is far from the limit. Where did the myth come from that you need to change water meters every 4 years?

The fact is that this is the standard calibration interval for hot water meters. This means that after this period, it is necessary to calibrate the meter. Verification can only be carried out by companies that have the appropriate license. Only in this case its results are taken into account by supplying organizations and management companies.

The rest can only replace the old counter with a new one. They are the ones who most often spread the myth that it is easier to do this than to pay for verification, because “the meter will not pass it anyway”. However, very often, thereby allowing the owners to save a substantial amount that would have to be paid for the purchase and installation of a new water meter.

The STEK company is engaged in Moscow and the Moscow region. The installation of water metering devices in the municipal sector is included in the nationwide resource conservation program, and allows users to switch to paying for utilities from unfavorable tariffs to paying only for the actual use of water volumes.