It would seem that nothing cunning inside the fuel tank can be - this is because only a container for gasoline or diesel fuel, except that is particularly durable and resistant to the effects of hydrocarbons. But it seems so only at first glance.

The fuel tank has a shape defined by the design of the car. Often he, being one by volume, is, in fact, two connected containers. For what? Fuel supply is a significant load for the car, approximately equal to the weight of one passenger, which is quite a few. Of course, urban microllers have a modest "passenger": their tanks have a volume of 35-40 liters. In the mid-size sedans and hatchbacks, the tank of tanks is 45-60 liters, in heavy SUVs - 75-90 liters, in commercial vans - 90-120 l, and at the trunk tractors - already 300-600 liters.

Halfton or empty?

Placing a tank is a challenging task for engineers. After all, it is necessary to take into account the load on the car, which when refilling under the tube can come to one board. It is necessary to somehow share the tank, turning it in shape into a kind of butterfly. Well, or have it so that even with complete refueling other devices compensated for a load on one of the sides. When choosing the location of the tank, the danger of its damage during collision is also taken into account.

The tank of the tank is the value of conditional, it is impossible to fill it up to the stop, it will remain a little air. With car rolls, fuel can be blocked from the side to board, and this is fraught with a dangerous situation. We all know from the theoretical course of driving school, which of the tank truck is more prone to tipping: filled with top or half empty. A significant mass of fuel, moving inside the tank, can also disrupt the equilibrium of the machine. How do you fight with it? Inside the tank make partitions that prevent overflows - their size and location are carefully calculated.

Any tank is equipped with a ventilation system. In the heat, fuel has a property to evaporate, and the increased pressure of vapors may even break the tank. And when producing gasoline or diesel fuel, pressure in the container falls - it can flatten. The ventilation system not only prevents it, but also catches the pair of fuel, not allowing them to stand out into the atmosphere. The special valve does not allow the spill of the fuel when tilting the car or its strong roll.

In modern tanks, the electric fuel pump module is also embedded. It is important to remember: pumps for modern car power systems do not like to work "on dry", from this they quickly fail. Therefore, do not allow full fuel generation, try to refuel, barely lights the reserve light, because the fuel pump is expensive, and even the cost of replacing it ...

Do you smell?

In most cases, access to the pump module is possible from a passenger car interior (often with a removed or raised back seat). But it happens that you have to remove the entire tank from the car, and it is almost impossible without a lift or garage pit. However, sometimes the pump is working properly, and the tank still needs to be dismantled due to damage. How so you ask, because it is very durable? It is true, but ... the bad head is able to break and not.

In my practice there were three demonstration cases. In the first hostess "elderly", foreign cars complained to grinding from under the bottom during a ride. It seemed to her that the silencer was provisis and concerns asphalt. Looking with a flashlight under the bottom, I found that one of the steel ribbons burst from old age and corrosion, on which the fuel tank was hung! Naturally, on the street, it was impossible to eliminate the fault, and before the nearest service we drove slowly and carefully. Fortunately, it was possible to restore the damaged ribbon, and not to look for a new one.

Another situation: Once at the cottage, I felt a strong smell of gasoline, which emanated from the car. It was an alarming signal: so it should not smell. Looking under the bottom, I saw that the fuel actively drips out of the hole at the bottom of the tank. Thought? Yes No, it seems, someone tried to merge gasoline in my absence: the sample was like a chisel, a random stone, "caught" on the highway, this will not leave. Then it was possible to slightly "deploy" a hole, merge fuel residues, remove the fuel intake, climb into the tank and close the hole "sandwich" from the bolt with a nut and four washers (two steel and two rubber). "Sandwich", I must say, served for several years.

But in the third case, the SUV tank turned out to be broken in the "combat" conditions, and despite the fact that it was covered with reliable steel defense from below. Its removal showed that gasoline seeps out from under rivet, fastening, apparently, the inner partition. Nobody took the place of damage to the damage: the masters are afraid to approach the gas tanks with the welding machine, even if the capacity of the week lay down empty or flooded with water (everyone is well represented by the effects of the explosion of fuel vapor). A new tank, even without fuel equipment, pulls for 30 40 thousand rubles. It was less cost to do: the damage was made by the composition "Cold Welding".

Bunch of sledge

Fuel tanks are made of steel, aluminum or special plastic (polyethylene). How durable plastic is? I learned about this from the story of the UAZ plant. When for a "patriot" developed a single 68-liter tank instead of two 36-liter, located on sides, laminated plastic was proposed as a material. The commission that took the sample doubted his strength. A sledgehammer was proposed to one of its representatives: they say, hit with all his might and see what will happen. He hit - and the sledgehammer bounced, almost injured him. The tank remained unharmed.

Why are we so tired for the strength of the tank? True, we fear the fuel explosion in case of damage. But not so much an explosion is dangerous as the spill of the same gasoline and a large burning area, because it burns not gasoline, but his pairs. In addition, they are very difficult to put out. The same applies to the Solyark: Her couples flash not so willingly, like gasoline, but to put out the flowing diesel fuel even more difficult.

What board to approach the column at refueling? The bay neck can be located both to the right and left, the small arrow has a small arrow at the benzokolone symbol on the instrument panel (although sometimes it is not). Cars that have a neck of the tank on the left, I have a professional name for myself, the rest are designed for the Belarusian and the services of the refueling.

Do not forget to close the lid of the neck and lock the hatch. Cases of fuel plum by attackers are still frequent. Although sometimes the tank is so slyly arranged that it is problematic to pump out the fuel. So the comrades in a difficult situation will not help.

Filling "pistols" diesel columns have different size. Large harvested tanks of heavy trucks. A similar diameter may have neck and some pickups, then refilling under the tube on the cargo column will last counting seconds, which is comfortable in the winter. And commercial vans, on the contrary, there are "passenger" necks - such a paradox.

An interesting fact can be reported on such tanks for fuel as tanks of airfield tankers. They have a special device called Dead Man`s Switch. When filling out the tank on the refuse, the driver or master is obliged once a few minutes manually interrupt the fuel supply, then run it again. This is done so that the system "understood": the filling is under the control of a person, he is alive, everything is in order with him. If you do not interrupt the fill on time, it will be disabled by automatic.

Limits the maximum volume of fuel tanks transport units. If the capacity of vehicle fuel tanks exceeds the maximum values \u200b\u200bdefined in ADR, these fuel tanks are considered a dangerous cargo. At the same time, the volume of fuel in fuel tanks does not play any role.

Capacity of fuel tanks is limited to sub-clause 1.1.3.3 a) ADR. According to the requirements of this clause, the total capacity of the built-in fuel tanks should not exceed 1500 liters per transport unit, and the capacity of the tank installed on the trailer should not exceed 500 liters. At the same time, the capacity of both fuel tanks directly connected to the vehicle engine and fuel tanks connected to the auxiliary equipment are taken into account.

Note . The transport unit is a composition consisting of a vehicle and the trailer lifted with it, or only the vehicle to which the trailer is not attached.

Vehicle manufacturers often do not install such large tanks.

In practice, there are cases when the car-tractor with a fuel tank of 1500 liters drive a semi-trailer refrigerator with a tank volume of 200 liters. In this case, the total capacity of fuel tanks mounted on a transport unit is 1700 liters and liquid fuel tanks are considered a dangerous cargo.

When transporting dangerous goods, the requirements of ADR must be performed. However, in the considered case, perform the requirements of the ADR, it is unlikely to succeed. When controlling the road, two estimates are possible.

1. Since the container of one of the fuel tanks exceeds 1000 liters, the carriage can be regarded as the transportation of dangerous goods in the built-in tank. Hence:

• the driver must undergo special training for the transport of dangerous goods in tanks;
• written instructions, transport document and certificate of vehicle assumption for the transport of certain dangerous goods;
• all additional equipment, vehicles carrying dangerous goods, etc.

In this case, the controlling bodies may prohibit the further movement of the vehicle.

2. It may be regarded that the requirements of ADR do not apply to fuel contained in the fuel tank with a capacity of 1500 liters. Then only fuel in the fuel tank of the refrigerator with a capacity of 200 liters will be considered as a case of transportation of dangerous cargo in a container who has not been tested and not allowed to transport dangerous goods. Such transportation should be carried out with the fulfillment of the requirements of subsection 1.1.3.6 ADR.

In this case, the controlling authorities may also prohibit the further movement of the vehicle.

Thus, transportation of any cargo on such a transport unit and its movement on public roads will constantly be associated with the risk of imposing a fine. Pay attention to volume of fuel tanks When buying vehicles.

For storage of fuel supplied to the engine, a special reservoir is provided in the design of each car - the fuel tank. It is a hermetic container and, depending on the characteristics of the model of the machine, may differ in the form, manufacturing material and volume. In the practice of automotive industry, the fuel tank is used for liquid fuels (gasoline, diesel) and gas.

Features of the location of the tank in the car

For each category of cars, optimal fuel tank configurations are developed, and the most rational location of the container in the overall design is selected. For example, in the passenger car, the tank is in the rear of the seat (in front of the rear axle), since this zone is the most protected when a collision.

In trucks, fuel tanks (one or more) are most often installed between the front and rear axles on the frames of the frame. This is due to the fact that for this category the car is the most common accidents with a frontal collision. If the car was subjected to "tuning", its fuel tank can be moved into an arbitrary place, but in some cases it can threaten the owner a fine.

Since the fuel reservoir is often located next to the release system, special heat insulating screens are used to prevent it with heating.

Types of fuel capacities and manufacturing materials

The main requirement for fuel tanks is the high tightness of the container, which allows to prevent the flow of fuel (or its evaporation) into the environment. This ensures the safety of operation and the economy of fuel consumption as a whole.

For the manufacture of gas tanks, the following types of materials are used:

• Steel - used mainly in trucks, as well as in gas systems;
• Aluminum - applied in gasoline cars;
• Plastic is the most popular material, since it is suitable for all types of fuel.

A sufficient amount of fuel reserve ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine and a longer interval of the autonomous trip. Modern automotive standards provide such a capacity that allows you to move without refueling at a minimum range of 400 km. On the other hand, if the tank is too big - it increases the weight of the car and complicates its design.

The volume of the fuel tank can be divided into the nominal (specified in the documentation for the car) and the real (when pouring under the neck). The actual capacity of fuel tanks, depending on the model, may be greater than the nominal value from 2 to 17 liters. The volume of gas tank for passenger cars, on average, hesitates from 50 to 70 liters. Some particularly powerful models have a tank of up to 80 liters, and small cars are equipped with tanks with a volume of only 30 liters. Cargo cars can have a fuel reserve from 170 to 500 liters.

Construction of modern fuel tanks

Uniform for fuel tank car does not exist. To achieve the maximum volume of fuel tanks without prejudice to their compactness, they are given a complex geometry, which may differ not only depending on the brand and model of the car, but also from the configuration of a particular machine.

In metallic tanks, the complex form is achieved due to the stamping of sheet metal and hermetically welded joints. Plastic tanks are subjected to molding under the influence of high temperatures and pressure.

The main nodes of the Benzobacika

Despite the different shape, the design of most modern gas tanks has common details:

• The bay neck - has access to the outside body and is designed to fill fuel. Most often is located on the driver's side (above the rear wing of the body). In most cars, the neck has a special hermetic screw cap of the fuel tank, which prevents the flow of fuel and hit the dust. However, some modern cars do not have such a lid. It is replaced by the Easy Fuel system - a small hatch with an electrical drive that opens and lock the benzobac.
• Case or wall (directly capacity).
• Fuel intake nozzle - equipped with a filter to prevent contamination from entering. On modern passenger cars, this function performs the submersible module. It is equipped with an additional removable filter (grid).
• The drain hole (in the usual position is closed with a plug) - used if necessary to urgently drain the fuel.
• Fuel level sensor with float - designed to measure the amount of fuel.
• Ventilation tube.

Device and principle of operation of the ventilation system

Special attention in the consistent features and automotive fuel tank devices should be given to the ventilation system. It allows you to solve several important tasks at once:

• Removal of excess air falling inside while fueling fuel.
• Maintaining pressure inside the container at the level of atmospheric, which is necessary for normal operation as a whole. Since the reservoir is maximally sealed, during the course of fuel is created a vacuum that can lead to deformation and body rupture.
• Cooling tank and maintaining a safe temperature.

Modern cars are usually equipped with closed ventilation systems. This design does not have a direct exit from the fuel tank into the atmosphere and is equipped with a number of fixtures intended for air intake and the extraction of vapors. Air intake is performed using the fuel tank ventilation reverse valve. As soon as the discharge increases, under the influence of the internal pressure of the spring, the valve is pressed and air falls inside. This happens until atmospheric pressure is established inside the tank.

To remove the fuel vapor from the tank, a ventilation pipeline (steam pipeline) is provided for which evaporation falls in. In it, they condensed and accumulate. When the adsorber is filled, the purge system is started, feeding the condensed fuel in the intake manifold for subsequent testing.

The life of the fuel tank largely depends on the operating conditions and fuel quality. Like any vehicle assembly, it requires relevant service. First of all, the washing of the tank and the elimination of pollution belongs. When carrying out washing, it is not necessary to use special additives for cleaning, which can negatively affect the basic elements of the fuel system, and in some cases lead to the destruction and depressurization of the case.

With the help of an online calculator, you can correctly calculate the volume of the type of capacity: cylinder, barrels, tanks, or liquid volume in any other horizontal cylindrical container.

We define the amount of liquid in an incomplete cylindrical tank

All parameters indicate millimeters

L. - Height of the barrel.

H. - Liquid level.

D. - Tank diameter.

Our program in online mode will calculate the amount of fluid in the container, will determine the surface area, free and common cub.

The determination of the main parameters of the cubature of the tanks (for example, the usual barrel or tank) should be based on the geometric method of calculating the capacity of cylinders. In contrast to the methods of calibration of the container, where the calculation of the volume is performed in the form of real measurements of the amount of fluid by the measuring line (according to the testimony of the metrshtok).

V \u003d S * L - the formula for calculating the volume of the tank of the cylindrical form, where:

L - body length.

S is the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe tank.

According to the results obtained, the calibration tables of the containers are created, which are still called targeting, allow you to determine the weight of the liquid in the tank in the proportion and volume. These parameters will depend on the filling level of the tank, which can be measured using the metr stitch.

Our online calculator provides the ability to calculate the capacity of horizontal and vertical containers on the geometric formula. You can find out the useful capacity of the tank more accurately if you correctly determine all the main parameters that are listed above and participate in the calculation.

How to determine the basic data

Determine the lengthL.

With the help of a conventional roulette, you can measure the length L of a cylindrical tank with a non-planning bottom. To do this, you need to measure the distance between the crossing lines of the bottom with the cylindrical body of the container. In the case where the horizontal tank with a flat bottom, then in order to determine the size L, it suffices to measure the length of the tank over the outside (from one edge of the tank to the other), and from the resulting result, the bottom thickness obtained.

Determine Diameter D.

The easiest way to determine the diameter D of the cylindrical barrels. For this, it is enough with the help of a roulette to measure the distance between two any extreme dots of the lid or edge.

If it is difficult to correctly perform the calculation of the diameter of the container, then in this case you can use the measurement of the circumference length. To do this, with the help of ordinary roulette, we wrap the entire tank around the circumference. For correctly calculating the circle make two measurements in each section of the tank. For this surface, the measured must be clean. Having learned the average circumference of our capacity - the Locre, we turn to the definition of the diameter according to the following formula:

This method is the easiest, as it is often measured by the diameter of the tank, is accompanied by a number of difficulties associated with the climb on the surface of various types of equipment.

Important! Diameter measurements are correct to fully perform in three different sections of the container, and then perform the counting of the average value. Since often, these data may differ significantly.

The averaged values \u200b\u200bafter three measurements allow you to minimize the error of calculating the volume of the cylindrical reservoir. As a rule, the storage tanks used during operation are exposed to deformation, may lose strength, decrease in size, which leads to a decrease in the amount of fluid inside.

Determine the levelH.

To determine the level of fluid, in our case it is H, we need a meterstock. With this measuring element, which is lowered to the bottom of the tank, we will be able to accurately determine the parameter H. But these calculations will be correct for reservoirs with a flat bottom.

As a result of the counting of online calculator, we get:

• Free volume in liters;
• The amount of fluid in liters;
• Liquid volume in liters;
• The total area of \u200b\u200bthe tank in m²;
• DNA area in m²;
• Side surface area in m².

Volume of fuel tank largely depends on its structure. Various models of vehicles have their own design.

What does the amount of fuel tank depend on?

The volume indicators should be so that the car mileage can reach 600 kilometers. Usually its installation is made from below the rear seat opposite the rear axle. It is in this place for all calculations the smallest probability of deformation, if a strike suddenly happens.

Plastic or metal can be used for the manufacture of the tank. Moreover, today more often use plastic tanks - not least due to the fact that they occupy less space when installing and can be any necessary form. Thus, the driver gets the fuel tank with the desired maximum volumes. So that there is no leakage, the walls of the tank are made multi-layered. Also, these indicators can affect:

• body type;
• system design;
• general configuration;
• the system responsible for injection;
• climatic version;
• motor device.

Machine dimensions also affect the volume: usually large cars and fuel tanks are rather big.

Fuel system

Sometimes the structure and, accordingly, the volume of the tank turns out to be different even on the example of one model. So that the tank could be charged, it has a bayful neck. In fact, this part turns out to be the only one noticeable outside. Most often it is located on top of the rear wing.

The presented part is connected to the pipeline tank, and the cross section is done, so that the ability to skip fifty liters / minute is ensured. Close the neck can be closed by the cover worn on the thread. Everything is hidden with a hatch, opening through a special drive (which can work from electricity or mechanically). Sometimes the hatcher can be opened manually.

Fuel intake inside the power supply system is carried out by means of a fenceboard connected to the output of the fuel wire. The residues merge back through the fuel wire for draining. Close the fence can be closed with a grid that is specifically done to clean the fuel. Such a device installed on a diesel car is equipped with a special heating system. Sometimes car owners use a regular fear instead of heated. They can also contact the heating nozzles.

In the benzobak, the fuel pump, operating on electricity, is placed - it is he who must pump the fuel pressure. The fuel level control occurs by the sensor, which is connected to the pumping device.

The sensor components are the potentiometer, as well as the sensor. As soon as the volume of fuel changes, the potentiometer indicators change. As a result, voltage change occurs with the subsequent shift of the arrow. With a complex design, a couple of sensors operating in parallel immediately mounted.

In order for the engine to receive the required amount of fuel, it is necessary that constant pressure indicators are maintained inside the tank. To do this, the ventilation system works in the vehicle - due to it, the vacuum is neutralized, which appears when a fuel is produced. A special valve is needed to remove excess air existing inside when refueling and not allowing pressure to rise.

Baki care

Regardless of the volume of the tank, it should be careful for it. Moreover, it is relevant for machines that have a large mileage. Alas, due to the poor quality of fuel, together with hydrocarbons in the tank, impurities are impurities that settle on its walls. When they accumulate, peel off and contaminate the filter responsible for gross purification. As a result, fuel simply does not pass on the fence.

The solution of such a problem, however, is not difficult. Cleaning is needed. It will help to increase the fuel tank. Typically, the inside of the tank is washed with special chemicals.

Fuel tank design

As mentioned above, you can determine which volume of the fuel tank, after learning, from which it is made: from plastic material or metal. Metal tanks are usually made from stamped sheets:

• if they operate on gasoline or diesel, aluminum is used;
• if the work is carried out on gas, steel is used.

Of course, metal tanks are distinguished by high durability, wear resistance - nevertheless, according to the volume indicators, they usually inferior plastic. In addition, there are restrictions related to forms.

But tanks made of plastic can be manufactured by various configurations and, accordingly, have different volumes. In addition, these products are famous for resistance to scratches, corrosion impacts, have good density.

Leaks are impossible in them, since the walls are performed in several layers. The inner part is processed by the underfluid fluoride layer. Also differences in fuel tanks can be due to:

• Type of internal combustion;
• Body bodies;
• Structural features;
• Fuel supply system.

What are the volume of tanks?

As already indicated, different models and, moreover, automotive stamps can be their volumes. For example, fuel Tank Volume Approximately 50-55 liters equals, depending on the model and the type of fuel used. As a rule, this is enough to move freely to long distances and not refund daily.

Inside the tank, by the way, the sensor controlling the fuel level is located. Pump devices are also posted in some models (for example, Ford Focus). When they stand on the machines working on a diesel engine, there is a special principle of operation: the fuel swings and is fed directly into the system.

Finally, all Fords have fuel wire - both with direct and backward direction. When repairing the tank, the fuel material is removed through the neck, where fuel is poured.

• Toyota fuel tank It can be from 45 liters (Toyota Tercel) to 98 liters (Toyota Sequoia). If we talk about the most popular models, on average, these indicators are 50-70 liters.
• The volume of fuel tank Kia equals, on average, 55 liters, although, of course, there are models with smaller and large indicators. Moreover, the newer the model (this can be seen by the example of KIA Sportage), the smaller the fuel tanks become in volume.
• Fuel tank gas It is about 70 liters. Naturally, the fuel material in such a container can be enjoyed.
• The volume of fuel tank Nissan ranges from 50 liters (Nissan 200SX) to 106 liters (Titan, Armada, QX56, and so on). As for the most popular models, such as Nissan Maxima or Nissan Frontier, their volume indicators are equal to 60-65 liters.
• Volume of fuel tank VAZ - At least many models of this automotive brand - is 39 liters. The container itself is made up of two parts, for stamping which are used by zavidized sheets. In such tanks, the filter is also mounted in the form of a mesh - it helps to carry out primary filtration of fuel. So that gasoline can be drained, there is a drain plug and get there easier than simple: remove the stub from rubber, covering the hole at the bottom of the trunk.
• Renault fuel tank 50 liters equals, if this is a Duster model (in this case, plastic tanks are used) and 50 liters for the Logan model. By the way, on fuel consumption, these machines are considered to be quite economical: for example, about 10 liters can spend on the city roads, on the highway - only 5.7 liters. If the road surface is mixed, is spent approximately 7.2 liters.
• The volume of fuel tank Hyundai, as in the case of other cars, depends on the specific model. Usually this range varies from 45 liters (Hyundai Accent) to 79.9 liters (SORENTO or SEDONA). Popular motorists model Sonata has a 65 liter tank.
• Volume of fuel tank UAZ It ranges from 56 liters (for example, model 390945) to 87 liters (Patriot model). UAZ Buankka has a fuel tank reaching 56 liters, and here is a popular UAZ Hunter has a tank, the capacity of which is 78 liters.
• Kamaz fuel tank, understandable, exceeds the above indicators, because it is a cargo car. The approximate range varies from 175 liters (models 55102 and 5511) to 500 liters (model 65117). Usually, the models of the KAMAZ truck have fuel tanks, the volume indicators of which are 350 liters.

Knowing fuel tank, You can roughly understand how much time, and what distance the car can pass without the need to refuel again. Much depends on what is the configuration of the fuel tank, which fuel is used and, finally, what type of engine.

Maximum fuel tank Limited by a special international agreement concerning hazardous freight traffic. When devices exceed in terms of volume indicators specified in this agreement, they automatically begin to be considered as a hazardous cargo (problems may occur when crossing the border). Moreover, it is considered to be "dangerous cargo", regardless of how much is contained inside the fuel.

The following table summarizes the data on the capacity of the fuel tank of some automotive brands: