No serious car tuning is complete without forcing the engine. This procedure seriously increases the engine power, which means it increases the speed characteristics of the car. In this article we will take a closer look at what engine boost is, how is it done, what is it for and is there a need for it?

What is engine boost?

In many languages, the word "forcing" can be translated as, "enhance", "accelerate", etc. Regardless of the type of engine, improving its speed characteristics is done by replacing standard parts with improved ones, resizing certain chambers, adjusting power systems, exhaust, etc. Currently, there are many ways of forcing, which allow one way or another to improve the dynamic properties and achieve the most efficient engine operation.

Inexpensive ways to boost engines

Video - DIY engine tuning

This ends the most inexpensive ways to boost the engine. As a rule, they do not significantly improve the performance of the motor, but they require less financial costs. Now is the time to learn about more serious methods that actually improve engine performance.

How to boost the motor more efficiently

Increase in the working volume of the motor. In another way, this method is called "boring" of cylinders. Everyone knows that the higher the engine size, the more powerful it is. Therefore, an increase in displacement is mandatory when forcing the engine. The expansion of the cylinder walls is carried out as an adaptation to the new piston size. This suggests that it is unacceptable to bore cylinders "from the bulldozer". First of all, the necessary pistons and connecting rods are purchased, and then the volume increase.

• Sleeve... This method can be called as an addition to the first. The fact is that when boring the cylinder walls, they lose their properties and become less durable. Thus, the likelihood of failure of the cylinder block increases markedly. To reduce the wear of the cylinder walls, it is necessary to install special liners inside, which have good wear resistance. Thus, the resource of the motor increases significantly.
• Using a lighter crankshaft... Lightening the crankshaft is also a prerequisite for forcing. In fact, such a part is made of a more durable material and has a greater weight compared to the standard one. However, when the speed reaches 3000 rpm, the inertial force begins to work, which spins it even more. Thus, efficient operation of the engine at a given speed is achieved.

Do not forget that along with replacing the crankshaft, a special bed with liners is installed in the unit. This measure is necessary to reduce the wear of the cylinder block, which is achieved by rubbing the harder material against the softer one.

Along with a change in volume, the combustion chamber, in particular, changes. Many parts of the cylinder head are subject to changes, as well as parameters such as gas distribution. Indeed, along with the change in volume, the amount of the mixture supplied to the cylinder must be increased. Adjusting the cylinder head parameters requires great skills, so it is not recommended to do it yourself.

• Turbocharging application... Installing a turbocharger can be considered the most significant step towards increasing power. It is a pump that pumps an additional portion of air into the combustion chamber under high pressure. The compressor is driven by the force generated by the exhaust gases in the exhaust manifold to maximize power gain for the engine.

Why boost the motor? Is it necessary?

Despite all the advantages of a boosted engine with increased power, its use for everyday cars is impractical. The fact is that a powerful motor clearly has two disadvantages: increased consumption of lubricants and fuel, as well as a shorter resource.

Such a motor can only be installed on a racing car, which is repaired after each race. In this case, its maximum speed characteristics are necessary only for a short time - a race or a small series of races, and a long and monotonous ride on city roads will not be economical at all. That is why, before tuning the engine, it is recommended to ask yourself the question "Do I need it?"

That's all you need to know about boosting your engine. We hope this article will help you make the right choice regarding this issue.

Forcing is an increase in the output parameters of an engine: power and torque, usually rpm. It is being implemented with a whole range of measures.

Boost classics - straight-through twin carburetors

Many would like to have as many "fast horses" as possible under their feet, but not everyone can imagine what price they will ask for. And not only in conventional units. Therefore, first you need to find out the limits of your desires, based on the capabilities of not only your conto, but also the source material. That is, the existing car and its engine. One limit may be for a purebred Bavarian, and a completely different one for a purely Soviet Muscovite or Volgar. I will say right away that the last clients are already close to their spill limit, so it’s ridiculous to talk about forcing them.

Turbulence of flow on
sharp changes in cross-section
channels

So we have a sturdy, modern car, preferably with four valves per cylinder, two camshafts in (each) head, and the hope that it can do and withstand more. Where to start? Let's see what are the ways to increase power. And one more thing, if you decide to boost the engine, then high fuel consumption reasons you should not be interested, because as the engine power increases, the consumption will naturally increase.

Practical injection

The main forcing method is to ease the "engine breathing". This means not only a decrease in passive resistances of the inlet and outlet channels, but most importantly - an increase in the "time-section" parameter of the valves, which depends on the valve timing and valve lift. That is, the higher the rpm (and their increase is the most effective way to increase power), the earlier the intake valve must open and later close in order for a fresh charge to fill the cylinder. However, opening too early and closing too late will force the mixture back out, with an optimum for each engine speed. It is different for each engine, therefore it is finally selected on the test bench. The higher the degree of boost, the narrower the operating range of engine rpm, which forces the use of multi-stage gearboxes. This disadvantage can be eliminated or weakened by mechanisms with controlled phase change, however, they have not yet entered the practice of tuning and require a significant reconstruction of the valve timing mechanism and the head.

The resistances of the inlet and outlet tracts should have smooth cross-sectional transitions without sharp bends typical for production cars and steps in their joints with the channels in the head, a smooth surface, preferably polished or even chrome-plated, as well as the maximum possible bore sections.

On the surface lies the idea of \u200b\u200busing the natural high-speed pressure of the air flow to recharge the cylinders. However, the pressure of this head is too low to affect the filling and power. So, at a speed of 100 km / h it is 0.0047 kr / cm2, at 200 - 0.0189, and at 350 - 0.06. The low intake air temperature has a greater effect.

The best filling is provided by fuel injection systems. The Italian racing twin parallel carburettors Weber 40 (45) DCOE give a good effect, for many years they have completely adorned racing equipment, and now hot rods in their various versions. For uprated engines, Dell'Orto single horizontal and tilt carburettors are also available, giving a good peak power but more fuel consumption and more responsiveness to adjustments. The most elastic characteristics are provided by the British SU carburetors and similar in structure Stromberg and Bing with a constant vacuum in the diffuser, as well as the Japanese Keihin. Americans prefer local four-barrel carburetors such as the Holley or Carter, especially those with a compressor.

To reduce mechanical losses and reduce dynamic loads on engine parts, critical parts are lightened: pistons, connecting rods, valves, pushers (except for light cups), crankshaft and flywheel.

For a high degree of forcing, pistons are forged from deformable aluminum alloys of the AK group. These pistons can handle higher loads but have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion, which requires a larger working clearance when cold. The oil passage under the crown is very useful for cooling the hot zones of the piston, but this is a difficult task. Some forcers manage to do it from the inside. The well-known F1 company Mahle solved the problem in a different way. It cuts an annular channel from the top of the bottom and welds the annular cover into it with an electron beam.

Racing pistons are made with a minimum height and friction surfaces and a minimum number of rings - 3 or even 2. The rings themselves are very thin: 1-1.2 mm to reduce vibration stresses and friction losses. Of course, the resource of such parts is small.

The mass of the connecting rods has a great influence on the loads of the crank mechanism and the mechanical efficiency. For example, replacing the connecting rods with lighter ones in the sports version of Skoda automatically increased the power by 5 hp. Audi tuners lighten the standard connecting rods by 100 g. The use of lightweight forged duralumin connecting rods gives even greater effect. However, few firms make them and they are much more expensive than steel ones. Very cool companies like Porsche and the like use titanium connecting rods in their racing motors. Their manufacture requires complex technology, and, in addition, their low thermal conductivity creates problems with overheating of the liners. More promising is the manufacture of connecting rods from composite materials. It goes without saying that the use of quality inserts from reliable companies is implied, otherwise the whole work is meaningless.

Standard lubrication systems need to be improved in order to avoid oil outflow from the parts of the mechanisms, especially the distribution mechanism, under the influence of the inertia force in the tense turns of the track. For this, additional channels and pipes for draining oil from the head are made, oil receivers are changed, oil pumps of higher capacity are used. Sometimes an additional oil pump is installed. After these improvements, of course, not the engine smokes on a cold... Improvement is sometimes needed for the cooling system.

Lightweight 5 kg
and standard Audi crankshaft

The effect is also provided by the lightening of the crankshaft and flywheel. For a stressed engine, both must be steel, since the strength of cast iron is insufficient for high speeds. The middle crankshaft is 5 kg lighter. Flywheels are sometimes made of duralumin with a pressed-in rim and clutch lining.

And after all these labor and financial feats, you just have to add the racing clutch, "Short" gearbox, limited-slip differential, good shock absorbers, reinforced brakes, add rigidity to the lightweight body, appropriate spoilers, wide tires, find out what kind of gasoline and which oil is better and fill them - and you are almost a racer. Don't forget the helmet and what you wear it on.

Anyone who decides to seriously tune his car is unlikely to ignore the engine. What does forced mean? In medicine, there is such a thing as forced diuresis. This means an accelerated detoxification method. The key word here is "expedited". It is this concept that is embedded in the phrase "forced engine".

What it is?

Setting the goal to boost the engine, they improve its characteristics by various methods, thanks to which the engine reveals all its capabilities and begins to work at much higher power. It is often possible to double the quality indicators or more. And all this without losing the resource of the motor.

Ways to increase engine performance are:

• actions that do not have the nature of constructive changes;
• actions with constructive changes;

Works without structural changes

The most common way to make an engine boosted is by flashing the ECU unit or, as it is often called, chip tuning. In this case, the standard program is replaced with a more "working", strengthened one. It will increase power by about ten percent.

Another known method is to replace the intake and exhaust manifolds. The widespread "spider" will increase the power by another five percent.

In order for the motor to "breathe at full", completely. However, it should be taken into account that it will be much dirtier.

The last revision without structural changes is carried out in the same part - the muffler. Here they put forward flow. Then the exhaust will not come into contact with various baffles, which will increase the power.

These methods are the simplest and cheapest. But if the goal is for the engine to become truly boosted, it will require more serious work.

Tuning with constructive changes

Such actions are more expensive. They can cost up to the motor itself. Some elements, for example, are changed to reduce the frictional force. In general, you need to understand in this case that the motor will be rebuilt completely.

The following improvements are being made:

• increase the cylinders, expanding the engine volume from 1.6 liters to 2.0 in some cases;
• do "sleeve", that is, mount more wear-resistant parts;
• install another version of the crankshaft, made of high-strength metals and capable of withstanding heavy loads;
• it is placed in a special block with inserts, which are changed to more reliable ones;
• then the pistons, connecting rods and small rings are replaced - they, in addition to special materials, acquire a lighter weight;
• at the end, it is the turn of replacing the block head and camshafts - here the main task will be to better fill the combustion chamber, and for this the phases are made wider.

Compressor installation

This method is very effective. Some even believe that it is the whole range of engine tuning work. Despite the fact that this is far from the case, such a refinement serves as a very important step towards making the engine a boost. This will greatly improve productivity. By installing equipment with crankshaft wiring, torque performance can be improved.

Conclusion

Thus, it is clear that a complex and delicate work is required to get the engine uprated. This includes the involvement of virtually all components of the unit and even firmware. Therefore, before deciding on such a step, you need to study and understand in detail everything that you are going to do in the motor.

So, before considering the ways and methods of forcing the engine, two words about what forcing in its direct meaning means.

What are the methods of forcing the engine

Forcing in translations: with it. lang. - to strengthen; with French lang. - strength - acceleration or strengthening of any activity. There is also such a meaning of the word "force" - to overcome.

For automobiles, forcing the engine belongs to a category of work such as tuning the engine. Namely - the revision of factory structures and parts to increase power.

By forcing the engine, you enhance or overcome the factory parameters in order to obtain a higher output of components and mechanisms.

At the moment when the thought that you need to boost the engine matures in your head, ask yourself a couple of questions.

Why do you need to boost the engine? Are you ready to incur considerable financial costs by making the engine boost? If the answers are ready, then you will be helped by materials that describe in detail the forcing of the engine, video materials in which you will see the results and the process of forcing the engine.

The first, more suitable for modern cars, is chip tuning. Chip tuning is essentially an invasion of the electronic brain of a car to correct the firmware (control programs).

As a rule, this is a correction of the engine control unit or the installation of additional controllers - modules in order to increase the engine power. It is not recommended to carry out chip tuning without special knowledge and equipment.

The second method is to mechanically boost the engine. This includes a lot of measures, both to refine existing units and to replace them with new, more productive and efficient ones. And, although you know how to hold a hammer and chisel in your hands, this is not a reason to immediately start boosting the engine.

Do not forget that any kind of tuning, be it forcing the engine, or, begins with calculating the change in the behavior of the car. It is important.

So, what are the most common methods of forcing the engine.

Increase in engine displacement

Produced by: replacing the crankshaft with a crankshaft with a long stroke, increasing the cylinder diameter. In this case, you will need such a service as, and everything connected with it. A change in engine volume is invariably accompanied by an increase in the volume of the combustion chamber.

If you are able to carry out this work yourself, then do not forget about the technical inspection, and all the nuances associated with changing the engine displacement.

Increasing the compression ratio in the combustion chamber

This method of forcing the engine is achieved by changing the valve timing (closing the intake valve). In addition, the installation of a modified wide-phase camshaft increases the compression ratio. Plus, switching to high-octane gasoline will increase engine power across the entire rev range.

Reduction of mechanical losses

Mechanical losses of the engine include: drives of auxiliary equipment, friction, pumping losses.

• Friction in block cylinders. Their reduction is carried out due to: the use of prefabricated oil scraper rings, increasing, lightening the connecting rod. In theory, it is recommended to carry out careful balancing and weight selection of all parts of the crank mechanism.

• Pumping losses. This is most of all friction in the crankshaft journals. The installation of a camshaft with wider phases also leads to a decrease in pumping losses. Plus, it is necessary to apply a dry sump system, which will reduce pumping losses spent on the crankshaft. After all, getting oil on it slows down rotation.

• Auxiliary equipment. Timing drive, air conditioning, hydraulic booster, generator and water pump. This all leads to a decrease in engine efficiency. It is recommended for cars with a forced engine to increase the gear ratio of the drive of the water pump and generator.

Optimization of the combustion process

Without going into the theory of the combustion process of the air-fuel mixture in the chamber, a recommendation. The combustion chamber must be compact in order to reduce heat loss and the likelihood of detonation, and to ensure efficient mixing of air and fuel.

Engine boost is the acceleration or enhancement of any drive characteristics. When viewed in modern cars, this procedure is engine tuning, where the factory tools and components are tweaked to maximize power. Forcing is carried out in order to ultimately achieve an increased performance of various units and components.

What engines can be boosted?

Almost any engine can be boosted, while such tuning can ultimately lead to both a decrease and an increase in its resource, depending on how this procedure will be carried out. Remember that the resource of this mechanism directly depends on how exactly it will be exploited.

If the car is running at its optimum and it uses really high quality oil, then your engine will last for a long time. If you, for example, are engaged in street racing, be prepared for the fact that you will have to do repairs quite often. It is also worth noting that the factory motor has a much shorter service life compared to that which is assembled in a professional center by experienced specialists.

Thus, forcing the engine often significantly increases its service life, since in the process of mass production of cars there is simply no time to understand every detail of the manufactured engines, checking every degree or millimeter. This is especially true for domestic cars, where they try to be economical, and not to achieve extremely high reliability and accuracy of all components.

Update

The easiest and at the same time economical method of tuning engine power is carrying out restorative procedures. In this case, both the engine and transmission units are treated with a specialized friction modifier. With the help of such drugs, you increase the power and throttle response not only of the engine, but also of the transmission units. After forcing, you will feel the result anyway, especially when it comes to a car with high mileage, in which engine performance has significantly decreased. Among other things, you will eliminate the need for a whole range of labor-intensive procedures, which will also noticeably affect the total cost of tuning.

This option of forcing is available to almost everyone, and if necessary, it can even be done independently. Of course, you will not be able to achieve a significant increase in performance, but you will definitely be able to increase its power by about 3-5%.

Chip tuning

Chip tuning is the most optimal option for boosting the engines of modern cars. This is a kind of intrusion into the electronic system of the car in order to change the standard settings of the control software. In most cases, the engine control unit is changed or additional controllers are installed to increase engine power. If you do not have knowledge in this area and specialized equipment, then it is highly discouraged to do such a boost on your own.

Mechanical forcing

Today, almost every car enthusiast knows what chip tuning is, but at the same time, few people understand what mechanical boosting of an engine is. This procedure includes a number of special actions aimed at upgrading already installed units or at their complete replacement with new components that are more efficient and productive. Even if you know how to work with standard tools, you should not immediately start mechanical forcing yourself.

Do not forget that any option for tuning your car, from ordinary styling to forcing the engine, should begin with extremely accurate calculations of how the car's behavior will change during its further operation.

Increase in working volume

The forced engine after such processing is equipped with a crankshaft with an increased stroke, as well as a cylinder diameter. It is extremely difficult to do such work on your own, since it will be necessary to make liner, boring of the cylinder block and all other work that relates to this.

If you can do all these procedures yourself, you initially need to conduct a thorough technical inspection of the car, and then observe all the nuances that are associated with adjusting the drive volume.

Increasing the compression ratio

This option provides for the adjustment of the valve timing by closing the intake valve. Also, more effective compression provides the installation of a tuned camshaft, which has wider phases. Among other things, it is possible to increase the drive performance by filling in high-octane gasoline.

Reduction of mechanical losses

• Friction in cylinders.

Friction reduction is carried out by increasing the distance from the piston to the cylinder, using specialized oil scraper rings, as well as reducing the weight of the connecting rod. It is often recommended to carry out careful balancing, as well as the selection by weight of the elements that include the crank mechanism.

• Pump losses.

This drawback is manifested most strongly in the form of friction that occurs in the crankshaft journals. Reducing pumping losses is due to the installation of a camshaft with extended phases. It is also recommended to install a dry sump system to minimize pumping losses that are expended by the crankshaft during operation.

• Auxiliary equipment.

Various components reduce the efficiency of the engine. It is recommended in cars equipped with a forced engine to increase the gear ratio of the generator and the water pump drive.

Optimizing the combustion of the mixture

The combustion chamber must be extremely compact in order to minimize heat loss as well as the risk of detonation. Thus, you can achieve extremely efficient mixing of fuel with air.

You can also use similar technologies:

Important! Do not forget that as you increase the power of your car, you will need to change or modify most of the systems. After all, you eliminate the limits of the design parameters set by the manufacturer on the mechanisms of your car, as a result of which the strengthening of even a certain system leads to a change in a number of others.