Specifications KamAZ-4911 :

KAMAZ model 4911 EXTREME - special vehicle (quick response)

A special vehicle with a 4x4 wheel arrangement is designed for emergency delivery of goods to hard-to-reach areas on roads with an axle load of up to 78 kN (8 tons), as well as on dirt roads and rough terrain.

A special vehicle, designed for quick response and carrying out special transport operations with appropriate preparation by the customer. The listed vehicles and chassis are suitable for operation in climatic zones with air temperatures from -30 ° to + 50 ° C.

Specifications

Carrying capacity of the car, kgf: 4000

Curb weight, kgf: 7250

Gross vehicle weight, kgf: 12000

Distribution of the load on the road from the mass of the equipped vehicle, kgf:

through the front axle: 5000

through the rear axle: 2250

Load distribution on the road from the gross vehicle weight, kgf:

through the front axle: 6000

through the rear axle: 6000

Track, mm: 2100

Maximum speed in top gear on roads with hard: surface, km / h of equipped vehicle, not less: 165

Maximum rise, overcome by a car of full weight,% not less (degrees): 60 (31 °)

Overcoming vertical wall, height not less, m: 0.55

Allowable roll when driving on a slope not less: 22 °

Acceleration time of the equipped car, s

up to a speed of 60 km / h: 6.8

up to a speed of 100 km / h: 16

on the way 400 m: 20.6

on the way 1000 m: 36

Acceleration time of the equipped vehicle in the highest gear in the speed range, from 60 ... 120 km / h: 25

Runout distance, m

from a speed of 50 km / h: 732

from a speed of 100 km / h: 1919

Control fuel consumption per 100 km of track when driving at full load and speed of 60 km / h, l: 30

Estimated fuel consumption per 100 km of track in extreme operating conditions: 82

Vehicle in store not less, km: 1000

The depth of the ford with a hard bottom (taking into account the natural wave) at the nominal tire pressure, m: 1.7

Braking distance (m) when driving at a speed of 40 km / h with full weight when using the service brake system, m: 17.2

The smallest turning radius along the axis of the track of the front outer relative to the center of rotation of the wheel, no more, m: 11

Outside overall radius of K. turn: a / m along the front buffer no more, m: 11.8

Power point

Model: 7E846

Type: 4-stroke

Number of cylinders: 8

Arrangement of cylinders:: U-shaped. camber angle 90 °

Diameter of cylinders and piston stroke, mm: 140x140

Working volume, l: 17.24

Engine weight, kg: 1380

Rated power kW (hp): 538 (730)

at revolutions (min): 2500

Maximum torque Nm, (Kgsm): 2700 (275)

at revolutions (min): 1300-1400

Minimum specific fuel consumption, g / kW * hour: 211

Number of valves per cylinder: four (two intake, two exhaust)

Air supply system

Air cleaner: one dry type with two filter elements

Exhaust system

Muffler: two

muffler of direct flow type with metal hose

Lubrication system

Mixed, wet sump.

Oil cooling in an oil-water heat exchanger.

Cooling system

Liquid, closed type, with forced circulation of the coolant.

Double radiator, tubular-tape type of "VENR" company, equipped with a fan casing

and an expansion tank.

The thermal mode of the engine is controlled by a thermostat and viscous

fan clutch. Fan diameter - 730 mm. Intermediate aftercooling

the air-to-air type has two blocks mounted on the sides of the vehicle behind the cab.

Free-flow cooling through air guides and electric fans (4 pcs).

Transmission

Clutch: single-plate "Fichtel und SАСНS", dry, friction type. Driven disc with a diameter of 430 mm. The clutch drive is hydropneumatic.

Gearbox: 16S251 by "ZF" mechanical 16-speed with synchronizers in all gears.

Gearbox ratios:

H 1B: 13.80, 11.54

H 2B: 9.49, 7.93

H 3V: 6.53, 5.46

H 4V: 4.57 3.82

H 5V: 3.02 2.53

H 6V: 2.08 1.74

H 7V: 1.43 1.20

H 8V: 1.0 0.84

N ZHV: 12.92 10.80

Transfer case: "STEYR" VG2000 / 300

RK gear ratios:

The cardan transmission consists of 4 cardan shafts. Rigid cardan joints with crosspieces on needle bearings, tubular. One propeller shaft is used for the transfer case and for the rear axle, two propeller shafts are used for the front axle, one of them with an outboard bearing.

Bridges

All are leading.

The main gears of all axles are central double with bevel gears with circular teeth and helical helical gears. The gear ratio of the main gears - 3.55 Bevel differential with 4 satellites, with forced blocking. The axle shafts are completely unloaded. The front axle half-shafts have constant velocity joints

Chassis

Frame: longitudinal channel-type spars of constant cross-section are connected by stamped-welded tubular cross-members. A buffer and towing forks are installed in front of the frame. Rear frame: two towing eyes.

Suspension: front - dependent, on two longitudinal semi-elliptic 14 leaf springs, working in conjunction with 4 hydro-pneumatic springs with built-in shock absorber valves.

rear - dependent, on two longitudinal semi-elliptic 10 leaf springs, working in conjunction with 4 hydropneumatic springs with built-in shock absorber valves, with a longitudinal reactive bar.

Wheels: disc wheels with a removable bead ring with a split lock ring with toroidal landing flanges, stamped from aluminum alloy in sizes 10.75 - 20, allowing tire change without removing the wheel from the hub.

Tires: tubeless radial variable pressure. Tire size 14.00 R20 "М1СНELIN". Air pressure in tires - nominal 5 kgf / sq. Cm, adjustable up to 1 kgf / sq. Cm, depending on road conditions.

Tire pressure control system: centralized, separate for front and rear stops, wheel valves and sealing cuffs in the wheel trunnions. Electro-pneumatic control.

Front wheel installation parameters

Camber angle: up to 1

The longitudinal angle of inclination of the kingpin: plus 6 °

The transverse angle of inclination of the king pin: plus 6 °

Toe-in (at the ends of the brake drums), mm: 1-2.5

Maximum steering angle of the inner wheels (relative to the steering center): 30 °

Steering

Steering gear: firm ZF 8098 Steering gear ratio 18.3. The steering shaft is equipped with two constant velocity joints

Power steering pump: ZF 7674 vane vane, left-hand rotation, with internal valves limiting the max. pressure and performance. Max. productivity - 20 cm cube. per minute at a maximum pressure in the hydraulic system of 100 kgf / sq. s

Brake system

Service brake system: two-line, with separate pneumatic drive for front and rear axles (bogie). Drum brakes, with internal pads for all wheels.

Brake drum diameter, mm: 400

Brake pad width, mm: 220

Parking (spare) braking system: the executive bodies of this system are the working brakes of the rear axle wheels, which are actuated by means of pre-compressed brake chamber springs. The parking brake system is driven pneumatically using a manual control valve from the cab.

Devices for pneumatic brake drive: two-cylinder compressor f. WABKO Water separator, pressure regulator with safety valve, air cylinders, two-piece brake valve, double safety valves, single safety valves, test outlet valves, front wheel brake chambers and rear axle air spring chambers, acceleration valves and dual-line by-pass valves.

Electrical equipment

Electrical system: single-wire, with a rated voltage of 24V DC. The negative terminals of the power supply are connected to the vehicle battery switch.

Alternator. Rated power - 2520 watts.

Rechargeable batteries: two 6ST-190TR, each with a voltage of 12V and a capacity of 190 A hour

Cab and platform
Cabin: triple, all-metal, welded. Fastening of the cab to the frame - 4 support. The support is a bracket, into the body of which rubber cushions are inserted, which soften vibrations that are transmitted from the frame to the cab
Platform: Tubular frame lined with aluminum sheets with lifting side and rear covers, shelves, cradles and built-in drawers.

Platform area, sqm: 9.2

Platform volume, cubic meters: 15.2

Number of fuel tanks: 2

Capacity of fuel tanks, l: 450 each

Engine cooling system, l: 40

Engine lubrication system, l: 40

Transmission housing, l: 13.5

Transfer case housing: 8.4

Front and rear crankcase: 12

Rear axle housing, l: 12

Vehicle performance data -

from the official website of the KamAZ-Master team http://www.kamazmaster.ru/

20:06 18.01.2011

VKontakte Facebook Odnoklassniki

Little is known about the sports trucks of the Kamaz-Master team: which engine is installed? to what speed do they accelerate? which parts are imported and which are domestic? Did you ask? We answer!

In 1988, when Russian racers had just started to compete on KamAZ trucks, the equipment was actually serial: as a basis, the athletes chose the three-axle all-wheel drive KamAZ-4310, which had an engine boosted to 290 hp. (the serial "eight" produced 210 "horses"), slightly modified the cooling and lubrication systems, installed a roll cage, stiffer springs, new shock absorbers and ... that's it! In this performance "KamAZ-S4310" ("C" - sports) made its debut at the European rally "Yelch", where the KAMAZ team won 2 and 4 places in the individual standings and 1 place in the team.

Then a series of alterations began: what kind of motors did racing trucks try on! In 1989 - a KAMAZ unit boosted to 400 "horses", in 1989 - an experimental 10-cylinder engine (it turned out to be too unreliable), in 1991, finally, a specially designed "eight" with a capacity of 430 hp appeared. Naturally, the powerful engine required a significant alteration of the transmission: an experimental gearbox and a new transfer case were manufactured at the plant. Also, engineers have improved the suspension and power steering, developed and installed a tire inflation system.

The device of the racing KamAZ-4326-9

Note that the first foreign component that was registered on a Russian sports truck was a British-made clutch, although further KAMAZ used more and more imported spare parts ... For example, the next generation of racing trucks (already two-axle!) Received an American Cummins engine with a capacity of 520 hp ... However, when the Yaroslavl engine builders offered the YaMZ-7E846 power unit, the KAMAZ employees chose a Russian turbodiesel: it won over with high torque at low revs and good performance on low-grade fuel.

KamAZ-49252

With such an engine, the mid-engined KamAZ-49252 brought the KAMAZ team to the victorious podium of the Paris-Moscow-Beijing marathon and allowed them to win the golden Berber in the Dakar 96. But then the truck was again implanted with a new heart: a 12-cylinder with a capacity of more than a thousand horses "! On" Dakar "98" such "KamAZ" performed unsuccessfully, because the huge power could not "digest" the transmission ... This prototype was the last Kama truck, where the engine was located in the middle: the new rules of marathons forced engineers to hastily create and test a new car - "KamAZ-49256".

KamAZ-4911

After the model 49256, created in a hurry, a unique KamAZ-4911 Extreme appeared - a machine that had no analogues in cross-country ability, maneuverability and dynamics. "Forty-nine-eleven" managed to dub it "the flying truck": this monster, pushing off from natural jumps, effectively took off above the ground! In its debut 2003, the high-speed heavy cargo retained victories in the Cup and the Championship of Russia, the rally "Desert Challenge", "Khazar Steppes", "Cappadocia", and most importantly - the gold and bronze Berbers "Dakar". Can you think of a better car? "Can!" - answered KAMAZ.

KamAZ-4326-9

In 2007, the current generation of sports trucks was born - KamAZ-4326-9. This sports truck is powered by the Russian YMZ-7E846 engine with a volume of 18.47 liters. At the stand, the V8 turbo diesel develops an impressive 830 hp. power and 3500 Nm of torque. However, the Yaroslavl turbo monster is not ideal: firstly, it is gluttonous (in a race, the engine consumes more than 100 liters of diesel fuel for every 100 kilometers of run), secondly, it is massive (1400 kg), and thirdly, it has a modest resource - the engine takes about 30 thousand racing kilometers.

Turbodiesel engine YaMZ-7E846

The rest of the mechanical stuffing of the trucks of the Kamaz-Master team is a composite hodgepodge of domestic and imported units: clutch - English SACHS, gearbox - German 16-speed ZF, transfer case - Austrian Steyr, cardan gear - Turkish Tirsan Kardan. If earlier heavy KAMAZ axles were installed, now racing trucks received Finnish Sisu axles, however, instead of standard disc brakes, domestic drum brakes were mounted (brake drive from the Belgian company Wabco). Tires - Race Proven Michelin 14.00 R20XZL.

KamAZ-4326 Vladimir Chagin

By the way, the car of the seven-time winner of the Dakar, Vladimir Chagin, differs from the rest of the trucks of the “blue armada”: if a “regular” racing KamAZ costs about 200 thousand euros, then the cost of a 900-strong Chagin car is 680 thousand euros! Where did this difference come from? Of all the trucks created by the Kamaz-Master team, this one is the lightest and fastest: the maximum speed is 180 km / h, and acceleration to 100 km / h takes less than 10 seconds. But visually, Chagin's car differs only in small xenon headlights, as well as in the cabin, which is shifted forward as much as possible.

What will happen next? Most recently, KAMAZ employees tested American Cummins engines, but so far there is no alternative to the Yaroslavl engine. The team's engineers are also involved in reducing the weight of the trucks (now the cars weigh almost 9200 kg, although according to the Dakar regulations the weight can be 8500 kg) and improving the weight distribution (on the Chagin prototype, it was possible to achieve a fifty-fifty ratio). However, the revision of current cars is an attempt to make the ideal out of the best: the sports "KamAZ" remains an uncompromising machine that allows you to stamp victories one after another.

Alexey Evteev

Help AUTO website

Cab - KamAZ, Russia

Engine - YaMZ (18.47 l, 830 HP, 3500 Nm), Russia

Clutch - SACHS, Germany

Gearbox - ZF (16 steps), Germany

Transfer Case - Steyr, Austria

Cardan drive - Tirsan Kardan, Turkey

Bridges - Sisu, Finland

Braking system - Wabco, Belgium

Shock absorbers - Reiger, Holland

Tires - Michelin (14.00 R20XZL), France

Racing is a very exciting competition. And the rally with the participation of trucks is an event that must be watched at least once in a lifetime. The stages are considered the most prestigious of such a world marathon. Many year after year are amazed by the amazing Russian "car" - let's get to know it better!

KamAZ "flying"

Model 4911 Extreme is the legendary KamAZ that participates in the Paris-Dakar rally, as well as in the Silk Way. This "graduate" of the Kama Automobile Plant located in Naberezhnye Chelny (Tatarstan) is not only a sports truck. It is designed to urgently deliver goods, following highways with an axle load of up to 78 kN, on dirt roads and rough terrain. The machine can be operated in various climatic zones at a temperature of +50 ... -30 ° C.

Why was KamAZ from "Dakar" nicknamed "flying" by the fans? The machine lifts off the ground with amazing ease and grace, like a giant bird. By changing the frame, the design of the springs, updating the fragrances, the truck lands softly on the wheels when jumping even from great heights without harming the crew.

The first flying truck race took place in 2003. Then, at the Telefonica-Dakar rally, the car took first and third places. More than once KamAZ 4911 Extreme became the winner of "Cappadocia", "Khazar steppes", "Desert Challenge", championship and Cup of the Russian Federation. And after the Dakar races, the modernization and refinement of the car always followed.

The French company "Eligor" and the Russian plant "Electron" (Kazan) produce 1:43 scale models of this model of the sports KamAZ.

Dakarovskiy KamAZ: technical characteristics

Let's present the technical characteristics of a heavy truck in the table.

Options
Full mass	11.5 thousand kg
Curb weight	10.5 thousand kg
Wheel formula	4x4
Wheelbase	4.2 m
Front / rear track	2.15 m
Length	7.3 m
Height	3.5 m
Width	2.5 m
Engine
Variety of model	YaMZ-7E846
A type	Diesel turbocharged engine
Power at 2500 rpm	552 kW / 750 HP
Engine location	V-shaped
Number of cylinders	8
Engine volume	17.2 l
Tires and Wheels
Tire type	Pneumatic, using pressure regulation
Wheel type	Disk
Tire size	425/85 R21
Transmission
Variety	16-speed, mechanical
Cabin
Type	Placed above the engine
General set of characteristics
Highest speed	165 km / h
Overall outer turning radius	11.3 m
Climbing angle	Not less than 36%
Fuel consumption per 100 km when fully loaded, following off-road at an average speed of 120 km / h	100 l
Layout	Four-wheel drive, front-engine
Production years	from 2002 to the present
Class	T-4, sports truck

After we have learned the technical characteristics of KamAZ from Dakar, we will get to know the team that drives this car in the rally.

KAMAZ-master team

"KamAZ-master" is a Russian racing team whose specialization is participation in rally-raids. Performs only on KamAZ trucks. A constant participant in the Dakar rally (the former name of the Paris-Dakar rally) - Russians have won 14 times!

The team's birthday is July 17, 1988. Its composition can be said to be stellar - eight international masters of sports, five World Cup winners. KamAZ-master is rightfully considered the strongest team in its class. As well as the excellent one from Dakar.

The permanent leader and mentor of the team is Semyon Yakubov, an international master of sports. In the period 1996-2002. the pilot of "KamAZ-master" was the well-known Vladimir Chagin. He has seven victories in the Dakar races, two World Cups, and the title of "Best Russian Racer - 2003". The team's sponsor is also serious - VTB Bank.

Results of the rally "Dakar-2017"

The last Dakar took place in Bolivia. Many participants recognized it as the most difficult in the history of the rally. And the fault is landslides, rains, and sat down. But this did not prevent KamAZ from showing its best side in Dakar-2017. The KamAZ-master team returned from the competition, as in many previous years, a champion:

• The first among the sports trucks was the crew of E. Nikolaev, E. Yakovlev, V. Rybakov.
• KamAZ of D. Sotnikova, I. Leonova, R. Akhmadeeva came second to the finish line.

"Gold" and "Silver" - awards of KamAZ in the "Dakar" of the current year. Both the sports truck itself and its legendary team have reaffirmed the title of the best in the world rally-raid. However, racing is not the only path of the "flying" car. Among other things, it can be used for emergency delivery of goods - the car, jumping on springs, will sweep along the road like an arrow.

About Kamaz-Master cars A machine ready for exploits

"Spread the wings of your imagination and feel the unknown dimensions of speed and space"

In September 1988, the team from Naberezhnye Chelny made its debut at the Yelch rally in Poland. In that first rally-raid in its history, KAMAZ athletes performed on serial all-wheel drive off-road vehicles KAMAZ 4310. Already in the early 90s, in close cooperation with factory designers and testers, the team created their own sports trucks: KAMAZ 49250 and KAMAZ 49251. The basis for these machines served by the most advanced equipment of the Kama Automobile Plant at that time.

In 1994, the team took part in a car with pronounced sporting characteristics, fundamentally different from ordinary production trucks - KAMAZ 49252. It had an engine of 750 horsepower, the car had a mid-engine layout and large 25-inch wheels. The sloping platform of the SUV, designed to reduce aerodynamic drag, is an original stage in the design of a sports truck that has remained in history. In a year, three new generation sports trucks will carry the KAMAZ crews to the victorious podium of the Paris-Moscow-Beijing auto marathon. A few months later, in January 1996, the team won for the first time the legendary Dakar rally-marathon.

Experiments on technique were sometimes a little too daring. For example, the sports KAMAZ 49255 had a twelve-cylinder engine with a capacity of 1050 horsepower. His hyper-powerful heart broke the transmission, which happened at the 1998 Dakar. Very often, cars were born in the shortest possible time. So, in 2002, the FIA \u200b\u200bvetoed the participation in the Dakar of trucks with a mid-engined line-up, which provides good weight distribution and stability. The Kamaz truck was just that. But the biggest difficulty was that these innovations became known only six months before the start. In a short time, a combat sports truck KAMAZ 49256 with an engine with a capacity of 830 horsepower was created. He was born in agony, after each test the car was taken from the landfill on a trawl. And only a few hours before the command was sent to the Dakar, the error was found and eliminated. As a result, the car passed the test of durability, bringing KAMAZ another Dakar gold.

A year later, the KAMAZ-master team made a new qualitative leap by creating a new model of a sports car. KAMAZ 4911 EXTREME has become a combat vehicle that has no analogues in cross-country ability, maneuverability and dynamics. For its unique technical and operational qualities, it was named "the flying truck". Indeed, in the hands of such masters as the pilot Vladimir Chagin, this machine at speed easily lifted off the ground, pushing off from natural jumps. With an engine producing 850 horsepower, the car accelerated to 100 km / h in ten seconds.

Since 1999 the Desert Challenge rally in the United Arab Emirates has become a traditional testing ground for technical innovations, the conditions of which are as close as possible to those of Dakar. The team began to constantly work to reduce the weight of the car, increase the ride smoothness and solve many other important tasks to improve technology.

In 2007, the Dakar organizers again changed the technical requirements for the trucks participating in the race, somewhat softening them. In particular, it became possible to shift the engine back a little, which the KAMAZ-master team took advantage of, improving the weight distribution and maneuverability of the car, as well as increasing the ride smoothness. However, the relief in one led to a tightening in the other: new requirements for serial production were introduced. If earlier, for a sports truck to pass homologation, it was enough to release fifteen of these machines from the assembly line, now it took fifty over two years. Therefore, the new model was again based on a car produced by the Kama auto giant for the needs of the army.

At the end of 2007, the KAMAZ-4326 VK was born. Only one fact testifies to the conscientiousness of the approach to the creation of the vehicle: the new KAMAZ combat truck was the first to undergo homologation in its class. The pre-jubilee KAMAZ-4326 VK, which embodied all the best practices of the team, proved its potential first at the stages of the Russian Championship, and then at the Dakar 2009.

KAMAZ 4326-9

The reason for the creation of the car was the next changes in the requirements for trucks from the FIA, which made it possible to homologate a sports car based on serial components and assemblies. The new all-wheel drive sport utility vehicle has an eight-cylinder YaMZ 7E846.10-07 engine with a capacity of 830 l / s, the car's engine has been moved by 400 mm, and the cabin - by 200 mm towards the rear axle. This made it possible to improve the "weight distribution" of the truck. By reducing the front overhang, the geometric passability has improved. Coming down from the dune, the car goes into a horizontal position without interference (it used to hit the surface with the bumper). The car's ride has become smoother due to the modernization of the suspension, in particular the use of new shock absorbers. The weight of the car was reduced, although it has not yet been possible to reach the minimum limit of 8.5 tons allowed by the organizers of the Dakar, but work on this is being carried out to this day.

Due to the FIA's requirements for reducing haze, the fuel system settings had to be changed, which, unfortunately, led to a decrease in power.

The KAMAZ 4326 VK car was created in full compliance with the technical requirements of the organizers of international rally-marathons and was the first to pass homologation in its class.

Body
Number of seats 3
Length, mm 7320
Height, mm 3230
Curb weight, kg 8500
Front axle load, kg 4900
Rear axle load, kg 3600
Engine
Model YaMZ-7E846.10-07


Number of valves 32
Working volume, l3 18.47
Max. power, hp / rpm 830/2500
Max. torque, Nm / rpm 2700/1600
Transmission
Clutch SАСНS


Chassis

Drum brakes
MICHELIN tires, 14.00 R20XZL


Fuel tank capacity, l 1000

KAMAZ 4911

A special vehicle with a 4x4 wheel arrangement is designed for emergency delivery of goods to hard-to-reach areas on roads with an axle load of up to 78 kN (8 tons), as well as on dirt roads and rough terrain.
The truck is suitable for operation in climatic zones with air temperatures from -30 ° to +50 ° C.

This all-wheel drive racing truck was nicknamed "the flying" because it lifted off the ground with ease and grace. It was serial, which had no analogues in the main KAMAZ production (for the recognition of serial production according to the requirements of the FIA \u200b\u200bat that time, it was enough to produce 15 cars per year, now - 50 in two years). It was powered by a YaMZ 7E846.10 V8 turbodiesel engine with a capacity of 830 l / s, with two Holset turbochargers. The car was capable of speeds up to 180 km / h, accelerating to 100 km / h in just 10 seconds.

The car was returned to the classic rectangular platform. This happened because the organizers of the Dakar once again demanded from the participants to bring their sports heavy-duty trucks in line with the usual serial trucks intended for the transportation of cargo. In order to reduce weight, a thinner frame was installed on the truck, which, due to additional inserts, did not lose its power. The car has become "softer", the ride is improved due to longer springs (1900 mm) and the modernization of hydropneumatic shock absorbers. The car was able to jump from a great height, landing gently on the wheels, without breakdowns and damage to the crew.

The debut heavy truck race brought the team first and third places at the Telefonica-Dakar 2003 rally. In the same year, victories in the Cup of Russia, the Championship of Russia, the Khazar Steppes rally, the Cappadocia 2003 rally and the Desert Challenge followed. Over the course of several years, after each Dakar rally, the KAMAZ 4911 SUV has undergone revision and modernization.

Extreme index

Unparalleled. This definition is best suited to the all-wheel drive KamAZ-4911 Extreme. The serial all-terrain truck at the price of $ 200 thousand (in the sports version - $ 250 thousand) is truly unique in cross-country ability, dynamics and maneuverability. It is not for nothing that this prefix was made to its index. KamAZ-4911 appeared not as a result of the technical evolution of the car plant's model range, but "by itself". The truck was based on the principles of multifunctionality, autonomy, the ability to cover distances in the absence of roads. The importance of the appearance of this particular machine was emphasized by the fact that it was “announced” personally by the General Director of OJSC “KamAZ” Sergey Kogogin. And soon he, standing on the pedestal of the off-road rally-raid "Telefonika-Dakar-2003", was holding the famous cup. Obtained, by the way, on the racing version of the KamAZ-4911 Extreme. Then, a year ago, our crew consisting of pilot Vladimir Chagin, navigator and head of the KamAZ-Master team Semyon Yakubov, mechanic Sergei Savostin finished first. On the track with a total length of more than eight and a half thousand kilometers, which connected two continents and five countries, Kamaz workers on Extreme “brought” the closest pursuers more than an hour. Behind were rivals on fifty trucks of famous brands: DAF, MAN, Mercedes-Benz, Renault, Scania, Tatra, Mitsubishi ... By the way, “KamAZ-Master” is the only one of the teams that put up more than one car, which finished in full combat strength ... After last year's "Dakar" there were other victories of KamAZ-4911 Extreme, and in particular in the Desert Challenge rally-raid in the United Arab Emirates. In this country, a little earlier, at the spring exhibition of arms and military equipment IDEX-2003 in Abu Dhabi, the usual, not the sports version of the KamAZ-4911 flashed with its capabilities. The three-time world champion in off-road rally-raids, Vladimir Chagin, piloted it at a speed of 100 km / h, flew into a 14-meter springboard, after which he landed on all four wheels. It was then that KamAZ-4911 was awarded the epithet “flying truck” - “flying truck”. The Belarusian crew, who tried to repeat the trick, failed: their car “nodded”, broke the torsion bar and dropped out of the demonstration. Disappointment awaited other athletes who tried to “fly” on smaller springboards - attempts ended with a broken suspension. Embittered competitors tried to disrupt the performance of the Russians: one day the guys discovered that antifreeze was flowing near the KamAZ-4911 left near the demonstration zone. It turns out that the radiator was pierced with a sharp metal object from the inside, where a human hand could reach ... But the organizers evaluated the plant's merits differently and awarded KamAZ one of the main prizes - "For the most perfect equipment presented at demonstration performances."

The case with KamAZ-4911 is generally special. It usually takes several years to develop a new truck model. It took 6 months to create Extreme. When foreigners hear about this, they often ask again: years or months? And, having received a clarifying answer, they raise their eyebrows in surprise. There is reason to be surprised when you get to know the car. The kinematic speed of the car is 215 km / h, but the real one, as the creators themselves say, is 200 km / h. However, on "Dakar" they did not squeeze more than 186 km / h on the salt marsh - it is fraught with consequences. At the last race, for example, at a speed of 160 km / h the front left wheel burst from overheating (Michelin guarantees the safety of rubber only at 130 km / h). Result: they flew off the road, but, fortunately, did not turn over. What would have happened in a different car and with a different driver - it's scary to think ...

Its construction is frame, welded. The box-section spars are 6-8 mm thick. The undercarriage guarantees reliable movement in any modes and ensures overcoming fords up to 1.7 m deep. The frame is equipped with a forced 730-horsepower YaMZ-7E846 engine produced by Avtodiesel OJSC. It differs from the usual modification by a turbocharging with two turbochargers and a charge air cooling system. To increase the power, a 5E178 high-pressure fuel pump with a larger plunger pair is used. New technical solutions include a three-stage fuel filtration system and an air filter with two filter elements and pre-cleaners. The machine is equipped with two aluminum water radiators and a plastic fan with an automatically activated viscous clutch. The most saturated part of the car with foreign units is the transmission. It uses a Sachs clutch, ZF gearbox, and Steyr transfer case. But the cardan drive with four shafts and bridges are domestic. Foreign components increase the cost of the car, but you can't get away from this. However, Russian parts cannot be called cheap either. For example, Krasnoyarsk rims cost, like French tires, $ 1000 apiece. By the way, about the tires. The Extreme has a separate air pressure control system for the front and rear axles. A three-seater all-metal welded cab is attached to the frame with four supports. The fastening is rigid, as is the fastening of the seats to the cab floor. This allows the driver to feel the car with “skin” and respond appropriately to the road conditions. For safety reasons - inside the cab there is a welded frame made of steel pipes with a diameter of 60 mm. In general, there are so many fresh design solutions that the KAMAZ employees themselves say about the car: “It, as before, has 4 wheels. Everything else is new. " KamAZ-4911 was so successful that its first series of 15 pieces began to disperse with a bang. Several vehicles were ordered by the FSB, one - by the Prime Minister of Ukraine himself. Two sports modifications were purchased, but not for participation in races. Applications for the new model came from France and the UAE. Buyers in Pakistan and India are eyeing it. Experts say that today this is the best truck for the army, not only in our country, but also in the world. As a reserve major, I am ready to sign this personally.

Characteristics of KAMAZ 4911

Body
Number of seats 3
Curb weight, kg 7250
Full weight, kg 12000
Loading capacity, kg 4000
Engine
Model YaMZ-7E846
Type Diesel turbocharged
Number and arrangement of cylinders 8, V-shaped
Number of valves 32
Working volume, l3 17.24
Max. power, hp / rpm 730/2500
Max. torque, Nm / rpm 2700/1400
Transmission
Clutch SАСНS
Gearbox ZF 16S-251, 16-speed
Transfer case STEYR VC2000 / 300, with center differential lock
Chassis
Spring suspension (front 14 sheets, rear 10), with 4 shock absorbers
Drum brakes
MICHELIN tires, 425/85 R21
Performance characteristics
Maximum speed, km / h 165
Acceleration time from 0 to 100 km / h, from 16
Fuel consumption, l / 100 km
control when driving with full load and speed 60 km / h 30
calculated under extreme operating conditions 82

KAMAZ 49256

A sports all-wheel drive SUV with a standard (under the cab) arrangement of the YaMZ-7E846 engine with a capacity of 800 l / s, equipped with a proprietary KAMAZ sloped platform. Work on the car began in the second half of 2001 after the Motorsport Federation banned mid-engined cars from rallying. The development of the car continued until the departure of the KAMAZ-master team for the Arras-Madrid-Dakar 2002 rally-marathon.

From the Chelny test site in Tarlovka, a truck was invariably brought to the workshop on a trailer. The tests revealed weaknesses in the front axle, which, due to the standard front engine arrangement, received additional dynamic loads in race conditions. Therefore, a more powerful bearing of the pivot assembly was installed, the ball bearing of the steering knuckle was reinforced with an additional ring. With a new car, the Chelny residents took the gold of Dakar, and in the same year they won the rally "Optic Tunis 2000", "Master Rally" and "Desert Challenge".

The main differences are:

1. The engine is installed above the front axle.
2.Front driving axle with an axle beam deployed at 90 degrees and a vertical split with main gear.
3. Modified axle suspension, in accordance with the changed axle load distribution.
4. The dimensions of the cargo platform and its location relative to the front axle are in accordance with the technical regulations. The platform allows for commercial transportation of goods weighing up to 6000 kg.

KAMAZ 49255

An experimental vehicle of the KAMAZ-master team. This two-axle all-wheel drive truck had a 12-cylinder engine with a capacity of 1050 l / s. The model was returned to the previous platform design - the classic "box". However, the car could not prove itself in races, since its engine turned out to be so powerful that it broke the transmission: the gearbox, gearboxes of the front and rear axles failed. Having tested the car at the "Master-Rally 97" and at the "Paris-Granada-Dakar 1998" they decided to abandon it.

KAMAZ 49252

The predecessor of the vehicle was KAMAZ-49251 with a CUMMINS N14-500E engine with a capacity of 520 l / s. After a fire at the engine plant due to a shortage of power units, KAMAZ OJSC produced a batch of trucks with an engine of this American brand; the sports team also tested it. But in parallel, she worked with the eight-cylinder engine of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant YAMZ-7E846. The second option turned out to be preferable and the KAMAZ-49252 was born.

The car had an original, straight rigid frame that could withstand dynamic loads from the suspension without consequences. Therefore, the car broke down much less often than the previous ones. The truck was equipped with more powerful Krazov gearboxes with a modified gear ratio, 25-inch wheels, and it retained a mid-engine layout. Also striking was the original sloped platform of the heavy truck, which reduced aerodynamic drag and was much lighter than usual. Its braking system was modernized: instead of brake pads, disc brake pads were used, for their installation the "skeleton" pads were made welded.

The car developed a speed of up to 100 km / h in 16 seconds and had a maximum speed on a solid track - 180 km / h. For a number of external reasons, the new car did not manage to win the Paris-Dakar 1995 rally, but all three victorious places "Master Rally 1995" went to KAMAZ-master.

Improvements

1997 year... The International Motor Sport Federation (FIA) prohibits the use of special 25-inch tires on racing trucks, explaining that the cars must match production originals. Only 20 "wheels with a low speed rating are allowed, which limited the maximum speed of the truck.

The innovation led to a decrease in the distance between the wheel disc and the brake drum, cooling deteriorated sharply, brakes and hubs began to overheat. The pads have become a "consumable" material. Kamaz workers had to open the brakes, removing the protective screens.

year 2000... Rally "Paris-Dakar-Cairo". The modernized KAMAZ 49252 WSK vehicle entered this race. The truck had a box of "Z.F." 16S220A with a WSK torque converter, which provided an average of three times the torque increase without interrupting the power flow. However, the temperature of the oil in the gearbox increased and a large number of radiators had to be installed. The primary shaft of the box, overloaded by the torque converter, worsened the working condition of its oil seal; at each parking lot, oil began to flow from the car, which the mechanics had to collect and refill. The engine was started an hour before the start. But even on such a "raw" car, the crew of Vladimir Chagin managed to take the gold in the Dakar.

Rally "Paris-Dakar 2001"... The year for the KAMAZ-master team turned out to be generous with victories: the first places in the races "Desert Challenge", "Optic Tunis 2000", "Por Las Pampas". But his start at the Dakar Rally was a failure. All four KAMAZ vehicles (one of them was rented by a Spanish crew) went off the track, three of them - due to a breakdown of a gearbox manufactured by Z.F. A post-race damage analysis revealed a weak point in the box, and the team asked their German partners to change one part - the ring gear support. To which she received an categorical answer that her quality was quite satisfactory for the Germans. Then the production of the part was established at the Kama Automobile Plant, and in Germany it was simply inserted during assembly.

KAMAZ 49250

The first two-axle all-wheel drive sports truck created by the team on the basis of a KAMAZ vehicle from the Mustang series. The KAMAZ 7482 engine was boosted to 500 l / s. The car had a mid-engined line-up, which gave it greater stability, tubular cross-members and a sixteen-speed gearbox in a block with a transfer case manufactured by the German company Z. F. ".

The springs of conventional trucks twisted and broke, not withstanding overloads, so the car was equipped with hydropneumatic shock absorbers, similar to those installed on the BMD (Airborne Combat Vehicle). At VGTZ (Volgograd Tractor Plant), a batch of such shock absorbers was prepared, adapted to a sports truck. Also, more durable brackets were installed on the car. The debut of the two-axle vehicle took place at the Paris-Dakar-Paris 1994 rally and turned out to be a failure: the gas joint of the engines of all three cars could not withstand and they had to leave the race. Failure led to the understanding of one point: the KAMAZ engine is not suitable for a racing car.

KAMAZ S4310

KAMAZ-S4310. The KAMAZ team created its first sports truck on the basis of a serial four-wheel drive three-axle vehicle KAMAZ-4310. The standard KAMAZ-740 engine with a capacity of 210 l / s was boosted to 290 l / s due to the installation of turbochargers and an increase in fuel supply. Pistons with a modified profile, torsional vibration dampers were used, the lubrication system was modernized, a viscous coupling was used in the cooling system, as well as a specially selected fan with increased performance. The car had stiffer springs, new special shock absorbers. But the "balancer" of the three-axle truck remained practically free and, landing after another jump, it fought first with the middle, then with the rear axle. To avoid impacts, take-off springs from conventional cultivators were installed on the middle axle.

In accordance with the requirements, safety arcs were installed on the car, the serial green platform awning was replaced with yellow .. The debut of the truck took place at the European rally "Jelcz", which took place in the vicinity of Polish Wroclaw, in September 1988. KAMAZ took 2nd and 4th places in the individual competition, and the first in the team competition.

Looking back

In June 1989, when the Soviet Union was still alive, and racing KAMAZ trucks differed little from the serial ones, the French organized the first and only “purely cargo” rally-raid Objectif Sud (“Target - South”). It's funny that out of twenty crews, seventeen were French and three were Soviet!

And there was no particular variety of brands - only Mercedes, IVECO and now forgotten Unic trucks. Then the first to finish in Sierra Leone came Mercedes, crowned with a luxurious wing, the second place was taken by KAMAZ with the Baltic crew, the third - KAMAZ, where the navigator was Firdaus Kabirov.

But more such events were not held, and next year the KAMAZ team already took part in the Paris-Dakar rally.

Improvements:

1989 year... Rally "Ojektiv Sud". Further boosting of the KAMAZ engine (400 l / s) was achieved through the development of a special crankshaft and block, as a result, the cooling system had to be completely changed.

1990 year... Rally "Paris - Dakar". The car is equipped with ten-cylinder experimental engines, as well as a gearbox without a divider, since only such a box fit next to the massive engine. In order to reduce the distance between the main and transfer case as much as possible, a double-joint cardan without a splined part was made.

However, the innovations did not give the expected effect: all three KAMAZ-Master crews dropped out of the race due to engine breakdown.

1991 year... Rally "Paris Dakar". The car is equipped with an eight-cylinder KAMAZ-7482 engine with a capacity of 430 horsepower, created specifically for racing (later it became the base for production cars, until 2000).

The truck's gearbox was made on the basis of a modified KAMAZ-53215 gearbox and consisted of practically the same innovations: the size of the input shaft for the diaphragm clutch was increased, narrow steel synchronizers with molybdenum coating were used, the gear ratios in the divider and the main gearbox were changed in order to increase dynamics, a diaphragm British-made two-disc clutch (driven discs are equipped with sintered metal gaskets). The transfer case was also new - KAMAZ-43114, with a transmitted torque of 150 kg.m. The power steering has been improved, a special tire inflation system has been developed, and 1800 mm springs have been used.

The car is very sturdy. It was on it that the KAMAZ team won the first victory in their Dakar history - they took second place.

1992 year... Rally "Paris - Cape Town" and "Paris - Moscow - Beijing". In order to reduce the weight of the sports car and improve its layout, light aluminum platforms made in St. Petersburg are installed on the truck. The spare wheels are carried to the front of the truck and the tanks are carried to the back. But based on the results of two, not entirely successful races, it becomes obvious that the KAMAZ team needs a two-axle car to achieve better results.

KAMAZ 635050

Escort car. The "technical" has everything you need: a shower, sleeping places and a kitchen. Characteristics of KAMAZ 635050

Body
Number of seats 4
Curb weight, kg 15500
Full weight, kg 24000
Loading capacity, kg 8500
Engine
Model CUMMINS N14 700
Type Diesel turbocharged
Number and arrangement of cylinders 6, in a row
Number of valves 24
Working volume, l3 14
Max. power, hp / rpm 700/2200
Max. torque, Nm / rpm 2750/1400
Transmission
Clutch SАСНS
Gearbox ZF 16S220А, 16-speed
Chassis
MICHELIN tires, 14 R20
Performance characteristics
Maximum speed, km / h 100
Fuel tank capacity, l 800

http://www.kamazmaster.ru

"Dakar-2018" is the last one in which engines with a volume of more than 13 liters are allowed in the cargo category. For most teams, this makes little difference, as most of the trucks have been equipped with smaller motors over the years. But for KAMAZ-master this change is significant - after all, the main engine for the team in recent years has been the Liebherr V8 engine with a volume of 16 liters.

It is these engines that are used in three out of four KAMAZ trucks at the current Dakar. The fourth, under the control of Dmitry Sotnikov, is equipped with an experimental 13-liter engine, an in-line "six", which is to become the power plant that will be installed on KAMAZ trucks in the future.

The change of the engine for KAMAZ-master is far from news. Over the years of competing in rally-raids, the team has used power plants of various companies (KAMAZ, Cummins, YaMZ, TMZ, Liebherr), various configurations (in-line sixes, V8 and even V12) and various volumes (from 11 to 25 liters ). Vladimir Guba, the technical director of the team, told us why KAMAZ-master used such large engines and why other teams preferred engines of much smaller sizes..

Vladimir Guba: The reason why most teams use 13-liter engines is simple: all the leading teams in the world of rally-raids put on their trucks motors that are used in circuit races, in the European Truck Racing Championship. Ring trucks have strict regulations - 13-liter, 10-cylinder, single-stage supercharging. These are fairly advanced engines designed specifically for racing. There are MAN, Iveco, Mercedes teams there. Team Tatra in rally raids uses the same engine on their trucks as is used on the ring trucks of the Buggyra team. Therefore, in this regard, it is somewhat easier for them. They take an engine with a capacity of 1200 horsepower and a torque of 6000 N * m, and derate it to the level of 1000 horsepower, and 4500 N * m.

But this is a special product. We can't do that, we don't have our own truck racing team. We tried to work with the Buggyra engine, but we cannot build trucks on its basis, because we are a professional team, and our advantage is that we thoroughly know all the components of our car. We must be able to diagnose, test, repair them in any conditions. If we take a ready-made node, then, as a rule, we do not know what is inside it, we do not have access to the program, we do not even have access to diagnostics. That is, we are completely and completely tied to the provider's services. It doesn't suit us.

Therefore, we proceed in the opposite way - we take the production engine as a basis. This was the case with Liebherr - we took a serial engine, which was used on special equipment, and a separate modification was used on MAN trucks. But this is a serial engine with a capacity of 500 kilowatts, 700 horsepower. We forced it, brought the power up to 1000 horsepower. Now we are doing the same with the 13-liter Cummins engine. We took a 520 horsepower engine, and we are trying to get more than 1000 horsepower from it, we double the torque.

Cummins engines are also installed on serial KAMAZ trucks, but small, 7-liter ones. Recently launched production of 9-liter. That is, in terms of volume, they still occupy the lowest rung in the hierarchy of these power plants. We're using a 13-liter engine. This is not our first experience with Cummins, they have been on our trucks, including racing ones, back in the 90s. And already in 2007-2008 they used a 15-liter Cummins engine, with a twin turbocharger. He did not show himself very well, which once again confirms the ineffectiveness of working with someone else's motor. It was made to order, and, of course, the manufacturer lays in a certain reserve for the client's engine, so that, God forbid, what does not happen. Therefore, its characteristics were not the best. However, we are now back to the Cummins block. But we are already developing everything ourselves, and we strive to approach the limit of its capabilities.

Now we are working with Cummins on the following terms: we buy engines of special configuration from them, they help us with spare parts and some information. But all developments, all changes, all adjustments, all tests we conduct ourselves. Why Cummins? This choice was made for the simple reason that, according to the regulations, these engines must be mass-produced and installed on commercial trucks. So far, KAMAZ does not have such an engine, and waiting for it to appear and starting work only after that is a waste of time. Our Science and Technology Center (STC) is currently working on a version of the 13-liter engine with very similar performance. We are working ahead of the curve, and by the time its serial production begins, we will be ready. I think we will be able to quickly transfer all the experience to our domestic engines, and then we will start driving our engines.

Despite the fact that motors of very different sizes were on our cars and on the trucks of our competitors, they had about the same power. Why? Among other things, it is limited to reasonable limits. The maximum speed on rally-raids is now limited by regulations at 140 km / h. For this speed, in general, 1000 horsepower is enough. Excessive power is a load on the transmission, these are more complex operating modes, temperature, pressure, and so on.

Indeed, for many years KAMAZ-master used a large-volume engine, 18.5 liters. We even tried the Yaroslavl 24-liter 12-cylinder engine once. But he was quickly abandoned because he breaks everything. Excess power. So we returned to the 18.5-liter, Yaroslavl, or now Tutaev engine. But this motor is quite old development.

It's not bad in design, but it's all-aluminum. The main thing is that it has aluminum heads. And they do not allow reaching high levels of forcing. All modern motors already have cast iron heads. Therefore, in order to provide the same power, the degree of forcing was much lower - with an aluminum head it is impossible to achieve the same pressures, the same temperatures. Therefore, at the output, we received the same indicators, but with lower specific indicators. With less heat stress. Less stress on mechanical assemblies and parts.

But then the maximum allowed engine displacement was reduced, and for the last couple of years the trucks have been powered by 16-liter Liebherr engines. It has approximately the same parameters as the Yaroslavl motors. We tried to reach higher power ratings, but V-shaped engines have one feature - they have two connecting rods on the same connecting rod journal. And the width of the earbuds is small enough, this is the most tense place. That is, we reach a certain point - that's all. Yes, theoretically, turbocharging and fuel supply systems allow you to get more torque, more power. But it is no longer possible to increase it mechanically. Because the earbuds, even the best ones, don't hold up. Due to the lower level of forcing, the reliability was increased, the resource of these engines was increased.

Now we are switching to an in-line 6-cylinder engine, there is no such limitation. But there are others associated, for example, with a higher thermal stress. If our big engines, our "eights", had an exhaust temperature of about 800 degrees, now it has increased to 900 degrees. This is already significant. That is, such motors require a different approach, the use of other, more expensive materials.

Of course, the smaller engine has its advantages. In terms of weight, the 13-liter engine is 25 percent lighter. But on the other hand, the inline engine is longer and taller. That is, the V-shaped engine is about two cylinders shorter, and due to the camber it is lower, so we had to design the entire car for the new engine from scratch. Changed engine position, height, length. The position of the cab changed, because we could no longer use the previous one, above the engine - the cab rises too high. Therefore, we looked for new options to accommodate the masses as efficiently as possible without increasing the center of gravity. So, as usual in sports, there is no concept that allows you to always win - everything depends on the search for compromises.

The main power plants of the KAMAZ-master racing trucks

Car	Years	Engine	Configuration	Volume	Power	Torque
KAMAZ 4310 S	1988-1995	KAMAZ-7403	Diesel, turbo, V8	10.85 l	305 h.p.	1050 Nm
KAMAZ 49251	1994-1995	Cummins N14-500E	Diesel, turbo, L6	14.01 l	520 h.p.	1700 Nm
KAMAZ 49252	1994-2003	YaMZ 7E846	Diesel, turbo, V8	17.24 l	750 h.p.	2700 Nm
KAMAZ 49255	1997-1998	YaMZ 3E847	Diesel, turbo, V12	25.86 l	1050 h.p.	3724 Nm
KAMAZ 49256	2001-2002	YaMZ 7E846.10	Diesel, turbo, V8	17.24 l	830 h.p.	2700 Nm
KAMAZ 4911	2002-2007	YaMZ 7E846.10	Diesel, turbo, V8	17.24 l	850 h.p.	2700 Nm
KAMAZ 4326	2007-2013	YaMZ / TMZ 7E846.1007	Diesel, turbo, V8	18.47 l	850 h.p.	2700 Nm
KAMAZ 4326/2013	2013-present	Liebherr D9508	Diesel, turbo, V8	16.16 l	920 h.p.	4200 Nm
GKP *	2015-2016	Caterpillar C13 (Buggyra)	Diesel, turbo, L6	12.5 l	980 h.p.	4000 Nm
KAMAZ 4326/2017	2017-present	Cummins ISZ-13	Diesel, turbo, L6	13 l	980 h.p.	4300 Nm

* - the truck has a bonnet configuration, it was not used on the Dakar rally-raids