COURSE WORK

by discipline: "Maintenance and repair of machines"

Project topic: "Organization of maintenance and repair of tractors with the development of a dismantling and washing area"

1. Initial data

4. Determination of the annual workshop load plan

5.1 Determination of the labor intensity of repair work at the workshop site

5.4 Plot area calculation

5.7 Calculating the area heating

8. Environmental protection

Conclusion

Literature

1. INITIAL DATA

Table 1.1. - Number of tractors

Developed area of \u200b\u200bthe repair shop: Tire.

Determine the cost of TO-2 tractor K-700

2. DEFINITION OF ROUTINE REPAIRS AND NUMBERED MAINTENANCE OF TRACTORS

2.1 Determination of the number of scheduled repairs and numbered maintenance graphically for tractors

Table 2.1.- Operating time of tractors by quarters of the year

To determine scheduled repairs and numbered maintenance in a graphical way, additional clarifications are required on the condition of each tractor at the beginning of the planned year.

The schedule for determining the number of maintenance and repair of tractors is carried out on graph paper. The horizontal axis shows the months or quarters of the year. On the vertical axis, in a certain sequence, numbered maintenance and overhaul of tractors, as well as the operating time in the standard unit for each brand of tractor.

The graph is built as follows:

1) On the vertical axis, on the selected scale, the tractor's operation since the beginning of operation or the last major overhaul is plotted (table (2.2.). Further, at the end of the first quarter, the sum of the tractor's operating time since the beginning of operation and the operating time in the first quarter is plotted. The obtained points are connected with a line. quarter, the planned operating time of the second quarter and the operating time at the end of the first quarter, etc., for all quarters until the end of the year are summed up.Connect the obtained points with a broken line.At the end of the line, indicate the tractor brand and number.

2) To determine the CR and TO of tractors, conditionally draw horizontal lines from the types, TO on the vertical axis and find the intersection points of this line with the tractor loading graph. In place of the intersection, a symbol is placed that corresponds to this type of maintenance.

Based on the construction results, table 2.3 is compiled.

Table 2.3.- Annual maintenance plan for tractors

3. DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

3.1 Determination of the labor intensity of maintenance and tractors

The total labor intensity is determined using the standard specific labor intensity of tractors. For tractors, the labor intensity of the TR consists of the labor intensity of current repairs and the labor intensity of eliminating failures.

The approximate annual labor intensity of eliminating failures of all tractors of the same brand is determined by the formula:

Tuo \u003d tuo * ntr, person h. (one)

where, tу is the average annual labor intensity of eliminating failures of tractors of a particular brand, people;

ntr is the number of tractors of this brand, pcs.

The total annual labor intensity of current repairs of tractors is determined by the formula:

Ttr \u003d 0.001 * Br * ttr x ntr, person hours (2)

ttr - the standard of the specific labor intensity of the TR of tractors, per 1000 conventional unit ha

Table 3.1.- Regulatory data on TR tractors

For tractors T-150 K:

Tuo \u003d 19.1 * 2 \u003d 38.2 person hours

Tr \u003d 0.001 * 1500 * 76 * 2 \u003d 228 person hours.

For tractors DT-75 MV:

Tuo \u003d 19.4 * 11 \u003d 213.4 person hours.

Tr \u003d 0.001 * 1400 * 110 * 11 \u003d 1694 person hours

For tractors MTZ-80:

Tuo \u003d 17.4 * 7 \u003d 121.8 person hours.

Tr \u003d 0.001 * 800 * 97 * 7 \u003d 543.2 person hours.

4. DEFINITION OF ANNUAL WORKSHOP LOADING PLAN

When drawing up an annual plan for repair and maintenance work, it is necessary to take into account the fact that maintenance of tractors is planned on a round-year schedule throughout the year as it is used. The timing of setting up for repairs should be chosen so that the tractors at this time were the least loaded.

For tractors T-150 K, DT-75 MV, MTZ-80, the number of numbered maintenance by quarters of the year is distributed in proportion to the load of these machines (see Table 2.3)

Seasonal maintenance is planned for one for each tractor in the second and fourth quarters.

The annual maintenance plan is presented in table 4.1.

Table 4.1.- Annual maintenance plan

Name and brand of cars, type of work

MOT for a year

Labor intensity of maintenance, man-h

Distribution of work by quarters

Tractors

Total maintenance tractors

Table 4.2.- Plan of loading of the central repair shop of the economy

Name and brand of machines, type of work	Type of work or maintenance	Labor intensity
Tractors:
Total for tractors
Maintenance of MTP
Total major works on MTP
Total additional work
Total for CRM

In addition to the main work of the central repair shop, additional work is carried out. The labor intensity of additional work is determined as a percentage of the total labor intensity of the main work in the workshop. These percentages are as follows:

1. Repair of equipment in the workshop from 5% to 8%, we accept 8%;

2. Repair and manufacture of devices and tools from 0.5% to 1%, we accept 1%;

3. Manufacturing and repair of parts for the spare parts fund from 3% to 5%, we accept 5%;

4. Other unscheduled work from 10% to 12%, we accept 12%.

Then Tob \u003d 0.08 * 3637.7 \u003d 291 people.h

Type \u003d 0.01 * 3637.7 \u003d 36.38pers.h

Tz \u003d 0.05 * 3637.7 \u003d 181.9 people.h

Tpr \u003d 0.12 * 3637.7 \u003d 436.5 man.h

5. CALCULATION OF THE TIRE SECTION

The development of the production site of the workshop includes several stages and directions. This includes: determination of the number of posts, equipment, required area, calculation of lighting, ventilation, heating. One of the first steps is determining the number of workers. This is necessary for the subsequent selection of equipment, because, without knowing the number of workers, it is impossible to say how many workbenches, assembly tables, machines, etc. are needed.

5.1. Determination of the labor intensity of repair work at the workshop site

The labor intensity of repair work on the site is determined as a percentage of the total labor intensity of the work. The complexity of this type of work on the site is determined by the form:

Clouds \u003d Ttot * x, man hours (4)

where, Ttotch is the total labor intensity of the repair work of the workshop performed for this type of work, people

x is the percentage coefficient of the labor intensity of work on the workshop site.

Clouds \u003d 4583.48 * 0.08 \u003d 366.7

5.2 Calculation of the number of workers on the site

The number of workers employed in production is determined by the labor intensity of the repair work performed on the site.

where, Tuch - labor intensity of repair work on the site, people. h.

Fdr is the actual font of the worker's time, h.

With a six-day work week with reduced holiday and pre-holiday days, the valid time font will be:

Fdr \u003d (dk - dv - dp - do) * f * z - (dpv + dpp), h, (6)

where, dк, dв, dп, do, dп - the number of calendar, weekends, holiday holidays, pre-weekend, pre-holiday days, respectively, days,

f - The duration of the work shift, h.

z - coefficient of working time utilization.

Fdr \u003d (365 - 52 - 15 - 24) * 7 * 0.95 - (53 + 3) \u003d 1767.1 h

We accept P \u003d 1 person.

5.3 Calculation and selection of equipment

The main technical equipment is determined by the complexity of the repair work performed on the site:

where, Fob is a valid time base.

The actual fund of equipment time is determined by the formula:

Fob \u003d (dk - dv - dp) * f * zob - (dpv + dp), (8)

where, zob - equipment utilization factor, zob \u003d 0.96

Fob \u003d (365 - 52 - 15) * 7 * 0.95 - (53 + 3) \u003d 1947.5 h

We accept N \u003d 1 pc.

The rest of the auxiliary equipment is selected from the list of the main equipment of repair shops according to a standard design.

All data are entered in table 5.2.

Table 5.2.- List of the main equipment of the dismantling and washing area

equipment identification	Brand, type, GOST	number	Overall dimensions, mm * mm	Occupied area, m2

5.4 Plot area calculation

The area of \u200b\u200bthe site is calculated using the coefficient of the working area, taking into account the convenience of work and aisles in the workplace. The area of \u200b\u200bthe plot is calculated by the formula:

Fuch \u003d Fob * k, m2, (9)

where, Fob - the area occupied by the equipment, m2

k - coefficient of the working area,

Fuch \u003d 35.76 * 3.5 \u003d 125.16 m2

We accept 125 m2

5.5 Calculation of ventilation in the area

repair service tractor plot

In all production areas of the repair shop, natural ventilation is adopted, and in some workshops and departments artificial ventilation. Calculation of natural ventilation is reduced to determining the area of \u200b\u200btransoms or vents, we take 2 - 4% of the floor area.

Table 5.3

5.6 Calculation of lighting on the site

Determine the required number of windows and lamps in the room.

Window area, m2

Fо \u003d Fн * d, (10)

where, Fн - floor area of \u200b\u200bthe room, m2

d - coefficient of natural light, even 0.25 - 0.35

Fо \u003d 125 * 0.3 \u003d 37.5 m2

Window height in meters:

hо \u003d h - (h1 + h2), (11)

where, h - room height, m

h1 - height from floor to windowsill,

h2 - distance from table to ceiling, h2 \u003d 0.5 m

hо \u003d 7 - (1.2 + 0.5) \u003d 5.3 m

Reduced width of windows, m

Knowing from the norms of building design the width of the window in meters, the number of the window is found, B \u003d 4.05 m.

Accept 1 window

The calculation of artificial lighting is reduced to determining the required number of lamps.

where, Fsp is the luminous flux required to illuminate the area, ln

Fl - luminous flux of one electric lamp, ln

Luminous flux in the area:

where, Fп - floor area of \u200b\u200bthe site, m2

E - Norm of artificial lighting, ybp, E \u003d 75 - 100 ybp.

Kz - the factor of the stock of illumination, for incandescent lamps - 1.3;

Kp is the utilization factor of the luminous flux, which depends on the type of luminaire, room size, wall and ceiling colors,

(Kp \u003d 0.4 - 0.5)

Accepts 12 lamps of 200 W

5.7 Calculating the area heating

Number of heating devices on the site:

where, Vн - volume of the building by external measurement, m3

qо and qв - specific heat consumption for heating and ventilation with a difference between internal and external temperatures of 1 0С,

qо \u003d 1.88 - 2.3, qw \u003d 0.62-1.04

tв - internal room temperature, 18 0С

tн - the minimum outside temperature during the heating period, tн \u003d -30 0С

F1- heating surface area of \u200b\u200bone heating device, m2 (for finned tubes 4m2)

Kн - heat transfer coefficient,

tср - the average design temperature of the water in the device, equal to - 80 0С

We accept 8 heating devices.

6. CALCULATION OF THE PLANNED COST OF THE UNIT OF REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE IMPACT

The cost price of TO-2 K-700 made in the workshop is determined by the formula:

С \u003d Зо + Зд + Нсф + Мр + Рт + Зч + Зст + Нрц + Нрз + Ннв, rub, (17)

where, Зо - basic wages of workers, rubles

Zd - additional wages, rub

Nsf - charges to social funds, rubles

Мр - expenses for repair materials, rub

Рт - costs for technical fuel, rubles

Зч - costs for spare parts, rub

Zst - costs incurred on the side, rub

Нрц - overhead general production costs, rub

Nrz - overhead general business expenses, rub

Нвн - overhead non-production costs, rubles

In jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions, tariff rates are increased by 12%.

Consider bonus rates of 40% of the basic salary as mandatory when working without violating labor discipline, high quality work and performing shift tasks.

Additional salary from the main one is 15%.

Contributions to social funds from the main and additional salaries are:

Pension fund - 28%

Social insurance - 5.4%

Medical insurance - 3.6%

Employment fund - 1.5%

General production overhead costs from wages with accruals are approximately 11%, general business - 36%, non-production - 0%, planned savings from the total cost of 16%. The coefficient of conversion of prices for spare parts and repair materials from 1990 prices increases 20 times.

We make the determination of the cost of one repair and maintenance impact TO-3 T-150 K. The basic wages of production workers are determined by the formula:

Зо \u003d tto * Wed, rub (18)

where, tto is the labor intensity of maintenance of TO-2 K-700;

Wed - hourly wage rate of a worker, rub / h

tto \u003d 11.6 person h

Zo \u003d 11.6 * 30 \u003d 348 rubles

Additional salary:

Zd \u003d Zo * 0.15 \u003d 341 * 0.15 \u003d 52.2 rubles (19)

Accruals to social funds:

Nsf \u003d (Zo + Zd) * (0.28 + 0.054 + 0.036 + 0.015) \u003d (348 + 52.2) * 0.385 \u003d 154.1 rubles (20)

Repair costs:

Мр \u003d 20 * Срм \u003d 20 * 23.3 \u003d 466 rubles (21)

where, Срм - the cost of spare parts and repair materials in 1990 prices for TO-2 K-700, rubles

Overhead general production costs

Nrts \u003d (Zo + Zd + Nsf) * 0.11 \u003d (348 + 52.2 +154.1) * 0.11 \u003d 60.9 rubles

Overhead general expenses

Hp \u003d (Zo + Zd + Hsf) * 0.36 \u003d (348 + 52.2 + 154.1) * 0.36 \u003d 188.5 rubles

Full cost price:

С \u003d 348 + 52.2 + 154.1 + 466 + 60.9 + 188.5 \u003d 1269.7 rubles

The selling price includes planned savings if the tractor of an outside customer:

C \u003d 1.16 * C \u003d 1.16 * 1269.7 \u003d 1472.9 rubles (22)

In addition, there is a VAT tax which is 18%:

CTO2 \u003d 1.18 * C \u003d 1.18 * 1472.9 \u003d 1738 rubles (23)

7. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

1. Workers entering the tire repair shops of repair enterprises must receive instructions on general safety rules, instructions at the workplace, as well as master the practical skills of safe work performance and undergo a test of the knowledge and skills acquired.

In addition, service vulcanizers and other pressure equipment should be familiar with the Pressure Vessel Service Rules.

The results of the knowledge test should be recorded in a special journal.

2. The worker must carry out only those operations that are assigned to him by the foreman or the head of the shop.

3. Before starting work, the worker must put on the overalls, safety shoes, headwear and, if necessary, protective devices established for this type of work. Clothes should be buttoned up.

4. The worker, starting to work, must check the presence and serviceability of protective fences, devices, as well as the reliability of fastening the grounding conductors.

5. Loads weighing more than 20 kg are allowed to be lifted only by lifting mechanisms with the use of special grapples. The load must be lifted vertically.

6. The worker is prohibited from:

A) touch the wiring and housings of running electric motors;

B) stand under the load and in the path of its movement;

C) smoke in workshops at workplaces and other places where flammable materials and gases are used and stored. Smoking is allowed only in specially designated areas.

7. When transferring to another work site using new equipment, the worker must familiarize himself with its design, methods of safe work on it and must undergo additional safety training.

8. The worker is obliged to keep the workplace clean and tidy, not to obstruct the aisles and driveways, to lay workpieces and products in the designated places, to inform the foreman about any equipment faults noticed.

9. All workers are required to know the rules and techniques of first aid and, in case of an accident, provide it to the victim.

Immediately report an accident to the foreman or shop manager.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

A system of measures aimed at ensuring favorable and safe conditions for the environment and human life. The most important environmental factors are atmospheric air, home air, water, soil. O. about. from. provides for the conservation and restoration of natural resources in order to prevent direct and indirect negative impact of the results of human activities on nature and human health.

In the context of scientific and technological progress and the intensification of industrial production, the problems of o.o. from. have become one of the most important national tasks, the solution of which is inextricably linked with the protection of human health. For many years, the processes of environmental degradation were reversible. affected only limited areas, individual areas and were not of a global nature, therefore, effective measures to protect the human environment were practically not taken. In the last 20-30 years, irreversible changes in the natural environment or dangerous phenomena began to appear in various regions of the Earth. In connection with the massive pollution of the environment, the issues of its protection from regional, domestic ones have grown into an international, planetary problem. All developed countries have defined the O. about. from. one of the most important aspects of humanity's struggle for survival.

They are as follows: determination and assessment of the main chemical, physical and biological factors that negatively affect the health and performance of the population, in order to develop the necessary strategy to reduce the negative role of these factors; an assessment of the potential impact of toxic substances polluting the environment to establish the necessary risk criteria for public health; development of effective programs for the prevention of possible industrial accidents and measures to reduce the harmful effects of accidental emissions on the environment.

CONCLUSION

In the course project, a plan for repairs and numbered maintenance of tractors was drawn up. The labor intensity of maintenance and repair of tractors has been determined, and the annual workshop load plan has been calculated. The plan of the welding and surfacing section was drawn up. Calculations were made for the selection of equipment, site area, ventilation, artificial lighting and heating.

Issues of labor protection and safety, and environmental protection were considered.

LITERATURE

1. Kurchatkin V.V., Taratorkin V.M., Batishchev A.N. and others. Maintenance and repair of machines in agriculture. - Moscow: Academy, 2008

2. Puchin E.A., Kushnarev L.I., Petrishchev L.N. and others. Maintenance and repair of tractors. - M .: Academy, 2008

3. Gladkov G.I., Petrenko A.M. Tractors: Device and maintenance. - M .: Academy, 2008

4. Design of technical service enterprises. Ed. Puchina E.A. - Moscow: KolosS, 2010

5. Economics of technical service in enterprises. Ed. Konkina Yu.A. - M .: KolosS, 2010

6. Zangiev A.A., Shpilko A.V., Levshin A.G. Operation of the machine and tractor park. - M .: KolosS, 2010

7. Shkrabak V.S., Lukovnikov A.V., Turgiev A.K. Life safety in agricultural production. - M .: KolosS, 2007

8. Technology of car repair. Ed. E.A. Deepskin. - M .: KolosS, 2007

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maximum)

tn - time for arming and removing the vehicle from the post, we accept - 3 minutes.

The number of TO-1 and TO-2 lines is determined by the formula:

(2.43)

2.9 Determination of the number of posts in the TR zones

The number of TR posts is determined by the formula:

, (2.44)

where ТТОpost is the annual volume of post work, for trucks the labor intensity of post work is taken \u003d 44% of the annual volume of TR (Chapter 3) ТТР \u003d 5704512 ∙ 11.0 / 1000 \u003d 62749.6 man ∙ h;

Кн - coefficient taking into account the performance of the volume in the most loaded shift, we take Кн \u003d 1.12 (Table 3.1);

Др - the number of working days of the zone per year, we accept - 255 days;

tcm - shift duration, tc \u003d 8 hours;

Рср - the number of workers at the post, people; for KamAZ-5320 and KamAZ-54118: Psr \u003d 1.5 people, (Table 3.3);

С - the number of shifts, we take 1 shift;

η is the coefficient of using the working time of the post, η \u003d 0.93 (Table 3.2).

The number of TR posts for KamAZ-5320 and KamAZ-54118:

We accept 11 posts.

2.10 Distribution of workers by posts of the TO-2 zone

The operating mode of the TO-2 and TO-1 zones is as follows:

Zone TO-2 works in the first shift, the duration of the zone is 9 hours, the number of work stations is 2;

Zone TO-1 works in the second shift, the duration of the zone is 8 hours, production lines are located on the same lines as TO-2.

Table 2.14-Distribution of workers by posts of the TO-2 zone

Post number	Number of performers on duty	Specialty	Qualification	Serviced units and systems
1		Repair locksmiths car		Clutch, transmission, propeller drive and rear axle
	2	Also		Front axle and steering
	4	Repair locksmiths car		Power system, engine
2	2	Locksmiths for car repair	III	Body, cab
	2	Also	II	tires
		Repair locksmiths car
	2	electric accumulators	IV	Electrical equipment and batteries

2.11 Selection of technological equipment for the motor section

The selection of technological equipment for the engine section is carried out according to the recommendations and according to the catalogs of technological equipment for maintenance and repair of cars.

Table-2.15 Technological equipment for the motor section

Pos	Name	Qty	Note
1	Tool cabinets for machine operators	2
2	Screw-cutting lathe	2
3	Vertical drilling machine	1
4	Locksmith workbenches	3
5	Locksmith vice	3
6	Bench drilling machine	1
7	Manual press	1
8	Valve Chamfer Grinder	1
9	Engine repair stands	2
10	Test plate	1
11	Racks for parts	2
12	Hydraulic Press	1
13	Chest for cleaning materials	1
14	Parts washing bath	2
15	Tool sharpening machine	1
16	Suspended crane beam	1
17	Engine platform	1

3 Organizational part

3.1 Organization of production management of TO and TR at the site

The organizational and production structure of the engineering and technical service (ITS) is understood as an ordered set of production units, which determines their number, size, specialization, relationship, methods and forms of interaction.

The production structure of a motor transport enterprise is a form of organization of the production process and is reflected in the composition and number of workshops and services, their layout; in the composition and number of jobs inside the shops.

In the general case, the organizational and production structure of the ITS, which provides for functional groups of departments to perform these tasks and manage the process of their implementation, is shown in Figure 3.1.

The engineering and technical service includes the following production sites and complexes:

Complex of maintenance and diagnostics (TOD), which unites performers and teams of EO, TO-1, TO-2, and diagnostics;

The TR complex, which brings together the units that carry out repair work directly on the car (sentries);

A complex of repair sites (RU), which brings together subdivisions and performers engaged in the restoration of the working capital of units, assemblies and parts.

A number of works are carried out directly on the car and in workshops (electrical, tin, welding, painting, etc.). The assignment of these units to the TR or RU complex is made taking into account the prevailing (in terms of labor intensity) type of work.

ITS includes the following subsystems (divisions, departments, workshops, sections):

ITS management represented by the chief engineer responsible for the technical condition of vehicles, their road and environmental safety;

Group (center, department) for the production management of maintenance and car repair;

The technical department, where planning solutions for the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the production and technical base are developed, the selection and order of technological equipment, the development of technological maps; measures for labor protection and safety are developed and carried out, the causes of industrial injuries are studied and measures are taken to eliminate them; technical training is carried out to train personnel and improve the qualifications of personnel; technical standards and instructions are drawn up, non-standard equipment, fixtures and fittings are designed;

Department of the chief mechanic, which maintains buildings, structures, power and sanitary facilities in a technically sound condition, as well as installation, maintenance and repair of technological equipment, tooling and control over their correct use manufacturing of non-standard equipment;

Procurement department, providing material and technical procurement, drawing up procurement requests and efficient organization of warehouse operations. One of the important conditions for improving the use of rolling stock, increasing its technical readiness is the timely provision of ATP with fuel, spare parts, tires, garage and repair equipment. The precise implementation of production indicators, the rhythmic work of the enterprise, and the increase in labor productivity depend on the rational use of material and technical means. Economical use of resources, reduction of their consumption reduces the cost of transportation.

The department of material and technical support (MTO) should provide production with the necessary material resources, monitor their consumption and use.

The MTO plan consists of separate calculation tables classified by the type of materials:

The need for fuel, lubricants and operating materials, tires, spare parts;

The need for fuel for technological purposes and electricity;

The need for rolling stock and equipment.

The purpose of this type of planning is to save material resources due to various factors, as well as control over the expenditure of materials.

The procurement department (MTS) is tasked with determining the need for various types of raw materials and materials, equipment, etc.

Management of the consumption of operating materials in the ATP, aimed at the efficient use of rolling stock, includes planning the consumption of materials according to standards, according to the nomenclature and quantity, according to actual costs, in monetary terms; receipt, storage and delivery of materials; operational and current flow control (Figure 3.1).

Figure 3.1 - Scheme of control of consumption of operating materials

The share of fuel in the total cost of transportation is 15-20%. Therefore, saving fuel and lubricants (FCM) is important as a factor not only in reducing the cost of road transport, but also in reducing energy resources.

In practice, a number of measures are given aimed at the economical consumption of FCM during their transportation from warehouses, during storage, distribution and during the operation of the vehicle.

TCM is issued to the driver according to coupons based on the waybill. The amount of fuel and oil fits into the waybill. Issuance of TCM for maintenance and repair is made on the basis of the requirement. For the primary accounting of FCM, the enterprise maintains a "Book of FCM".

The operation department is prohibited from accepting waybills that do not contain information about the issuance of TCM. After processing the waybills in the operation department, they are submitted to the FCM accounting group, where the actual and normal fuel consumption for each vehicle is specially kept. A fuel accounting technician fills in a registration card for each car, a personal account of the driver, which records the transport work performed, the number of riders, fuel consumption according to the rate and fact. Fuel consumption control for a car and a driver is carried out in liters, and for ATP as a whole - in kilograms.

Spare parts account for about 70% of the range of products and materials consumed by vehicles. Car tires and batteries are not part of the spare parts list and are counted and allocated separately.

The list of materials that are used to meet the economic needs of the ATP is quite large. Among them are cutting and measuring tools, electronic technical materials, overalls. Logistics workers supplying the enterprise must order them in advance and in the required quantity, receive them on time, correctly distribute and store them. The need of an enterprise for spare parts depends on a large number of factors, which can be represented by the following groups by characteristic features: constructive, operational, technological and organizational. The technical control department, which monitors the completeness and quality of work performed by all production departments, controls the technical condition of the rolling stock when it is received and released onto the line. A production preparation complex that carries out production preparation, i.e. completing the working stock of spare parts and materials, storing and regulating stocks, delivering units, assemblies and parts to work stations, washing and completing the repair stock, providing working tools, as well as driving cars in the areas of maintenance, repair and waiting. The organization of the production of maintenance and repair of cars in 121-PCh GU PTTs FPS in the Sverdlovsk region is carried out by the aggregate-district method. Which consists in the fact that all maintenance and repair work of rolling stock is distributed between the production sections responsible for the performance of all maintenance and repair work of one or more units (nodes, mechanisms, systems) for all vehicles in the fleet (Figure 3.2).

Figure 3.2 - The structure of the engineering service when organizing the production of TO and R according to the aggregate-division method

3.2 Organization of the technological process of repair of units

Routine repairs of units, units are carried out in the case when it is impossible to restore their performance by adjusting work. The general scheme of the technological process of current repair is shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3 - Flow chart of the current repair of units

For successful and high-quality repairs and in order to reduce labor costs, current repairs of units and assemblies are carried out in specialized workshops equipped with modern and highly efficient equipment, lifting and transport mechanisms, devices, fixtures and tools. All work on the current repair of units, assemblies and parts must be carried out in strict accordance with the technical conditions.

The quality of the repair depends on the level of performance of all work, starting with washing and disassembly and ending with testing the assembled unit and assembly.

One of the main conditions for a high-quality repair is accurate and correct disassembly, which ensures the safety and completeness of non-decaying parts.

Units and assemblies supplied for disassembly must be cleaned of dirt and washed.

Each disassembly operation must be carried out with tools and devices provided by the technological process, on special stands and workbenches.

After disassembling the parts of the units, it is recommended to rinse the parts in a washing installation (small parts are placed in mesh baskets) with special detergents at a temperature of 60-80 ° C and in a bath for washing parts in a cold way using solvents (kerosene, diesel fuel).

Cleaning parts from carbon deposits, scale, dirt, etc. produced mechanically (metal brushes, scrapers), or physicochemical action on the surface of parts.

The oil channels are flushed with kerosene, cleaned with ruffs and blown out with compressed air.

After washing, the parts are dried by blowing with compressed air.

After washing and cleaning, the parts are inspected and sorted. The control of parts is carried out to determine the technical condition and sort them in accordance with the technical conditions for fit, requiring restoration and subject to replacement.

Suitable parts include parts, the wear of which lies within the permissible values; parts, the wear of which is higher than permissible, but can be used after restoration. Parts that are unsuitable for use due to their complete wear or serious defects are sorted into scrap.

When inspecting and sorting, it is necessary not to depersonalize serviceable mating parts.

The control of parts is carried out by external inspection to identify clearly pronounced defects and with the help of special devices, fixtures and tools that allow you to detect hidden defects.

Before assembly, the units and assemblies are completed with parts that have passed the defect identification process and are recognized as fit for further operation, as well as restored or new.

Parts arriving for assembly must be clean and dry, no traces of corrosion and scale are allowed. The anti-corrosion coating must be removed immediately prior to installation on the engine.

Not allowed for assembly:

Fasteners of non-standard size;

Nuts, bolts, studs with hammered and stripped threads;

Bolts and nuts with worn edges, screws with hammered or stripped head slots;

Locking washers and plates, cotter pins, used knitting wire.

Parts that have transitional and press fits in conjunction should be assembled using special mandrels and devices.

Rolling bearings must be pressed onto the shafts and pressed into the seats with special mandrels, which ensure the transfer of force when pressed onto the shaft through the inner ring, and when pressed into the seat through the outer ring of the bearing.

Before pressing the parts, the seating surfaces are thoroughly wiped, and the working surface of the oil seals and the seating surfaces of the shaft and socket are lubricated with a thin layer of CIATIM-201 GOST 6257-74 grease.

Installation of oil seals should be done only using special mandrels; and the installation of the stuffing box on the shaft is carried out using mandrels with a smooth lead-in part and a surface cleanliness not lower than that of the shaft.

Before pressing in, the oil seal with rubber seals is lubricated with grease to avoid damage, the seating surface of the part under the oil seal is lubricated with a thin layer of red lead, white or undiluted hydrolacquer for tightness.

When assembling, the gaskets must be clean, smooth and tight to the mating surfaces; the protrusion of the gaskets beyond the perimeter of the mating surfaces is not allowed.

For ease of assembly, cardboard gaskets are allowed to be installed with the use of greases.

Blocking of oil, water and air channels with gaskets is not allowed. The specified tightening torque of threaded connections is ensured by using torque wrenches. All bolted connections are tightened in two steps (preliminary and final tightening) evenly around the perimeter (unless there are special instructions on the tightening order).

Assembly work must be carried out in accordance with the assembly specifications. An example of performing assembly operations is given in the flow chart for engine assembly (Appendix A).

After assembly, each unit must undergo a load test, a check of the tightness of the joints, and the compliance of the operating parameters with the technical specifications of the manufacturer.

For running-in and testing of units, special stands should be used. The quality of running-in parts is assessed based on the results of a control examination.

In the process of testing units or assemblies or after it, it is necessary to carry out adjustment and control work in order to bring to the optimal operating mode, achieve the required structural parameters (gaps in mating parts, center-to-center distances, deflections, displacements, linear dimensions, condition of surfaces of mating parts, etc.). etc.).

Quality control of the current repair of the unit, unit is carried out by the person in charge for the repair and a representative of the technical control department. During the acceptance process, attention is drawn to the compliance of the assembly with the technical conditions and output parameters of the unit operation specified in the manufacturer's specifications.

3.3 Lighting calculation

In a room with an area of \u200b\u200b324 m2, it is necessary to create an illumination E \u003d 200 lux. We select luminaires of PVLM type with LB 2x80 lamps, lamp suspension height - 8 m, power factor K \u003d 1.5.

We determine the specific power of the lamps W \u003d 19.6 W / m (table 7.4).

The number of lamps is determined by the formula

where P is the power of the lamp in the luminaire, we take - P \u003d 80 W;

n is the number of lamps in one lamp, we take - 2;

W is the value of the specific power;

S-room area, m2;

3.4 Ventilation calculation

When calculating artificial ventilation, we determine the required air exchange in the exhaust probes of the motor section, we will accept such probes - 1 area of \u200b\u200beach probe is 1.6 m2,

Determine the type of fan TsAGI 4-70 No. 7 having the required performance at a pressure of 600 Pa.

Fan type - centrifugal, impeller diameter - 700 mm, transmission type - direct, efficiency \u003d 0.77, shaft speed n \u003d 950 rpm.

The installed power of the electric motor is determined by the formula

Nset \u003d α N, kW.

Where: N is the power consumed by the fan, determined by the formula

where A is the fan capacity, we take A \u003d 12000 m3 / h.

H - pressure generated by the fan, Pa, H \u003d 600 Pa (page 15).

Fan efficiency, we accept -0.8 (Figure 1.5);

Transmission efficiency, take -1 (page 42)

α - the power factor is determined from the table. 1.2 α \u003d 1.3.

electric motor - 4A225M6U3, 37 kW, shaft speed - 930 rpm. ...

3.5 Fire safety

A fire, as defined by the CMEA 383-76 standard, is an uncontrolled combustion that develops in time and space. It carries a lot of material damage and is often accompanied by accidents with people. Dangerous factors of fire affecting people are: open flames and sparks; increased temperature of the air and various objects; toxic combustion products; smoke; reduced oxygen concentration; explosion; collapse and damage to buildings, structures and installations.

The main reasons for the occurrence of fires at the ATP are careless handling of fire, violation of fire safety rules during welding and other hot work, violation of the rules for the operation of electrical equipment, malfunction of heating devices and thermal furnaces, violation of the operating mode of devices for heating cars, violation of fire safety rules for battery and painting works, violation of the rules for storing flammable and combustible liquids, spontaneous combustion of lubricants and cleaning materials, static and atmospheric electricity, etc.

During the operation of rolling stock, the most common causes of fires are malfunction of the car's electrical equipment, leaks in the power supply system, leakage of gas equipment on a gas cylinder, accumulation of dirt and oil on the engine, use of flammable and combustible liquids for cleaning the engine, fuel supply by gravity, smoking in the immediate vicinity from the power supply system, the use of open fire for heating the engine and in identifying and eliminating malfunctions of mechanisms, etc.

Elimination of the causes of fires is one of the most important conditions for ensuring fire safety at a vehicle transport enterprise.

Fire prevention is a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at ensuring the safety of people, preventing a fire, limiting its spread, as well as creating conditions for the successful extinguishing of a fire. These measures at the ATP include fire safety measures envisaged in the design and construction of enterprises and taken during the maintenance and repair of vehicles.

Fire safety in accordance with GOST 12.1.004-85 is ensured by organizational and technical measures and the implementation of two interconnected systems: a fire prevention system and a fire protection system.

Organizational and technical measures include: organization of fire protection at the enterprise; certification of substances, materials, technological processes and ATP facilities in terms of ensuring fire safety; organization of training for workers in fire safety rules; development of instructions on the procedure for working with fire hazardous substances and materials, on compliance with the fire regime and on the action of people in the event of a fire; organization of evacuation of people and vehicles. Of great importance is the organization of fire-prevention visual agitation and propaganda, the use of safety signs in fire-hazardous places in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026-76.

Fire safety of the ATP must meet the requirements of GOST 12.1.004 - 85, building codes and regulations, standard fire safety rules for industrial enterprises and Fire safety rules for public road transport enterprises.

The territory of the ATP must be kept clean and systematically cleaned of industrial waste. Oily cleaning materials and industrial waste should be collected in specially designated areas and removed at the end of work shifts.

Spilled fuel and lubricants must be cleaned up immediately.

Roads, driveways, entrances to buildings and fire-fighting water sources, fire-prevention gaps between buildings and structures and approaches to fire-fighting equipment and equipment must always be free.

To avoid a fire, smoking and open flames are not permitted near parking areas and storage of flammable materials.

Production, service, administrative, utility, warehouse and auxiliary premises must be cleaned in a timely manner, technological and auxiliary equipment must be cleaned of combustible dust and other combustible waste. Passages, exits, corridors, vestibules, stairs should be free and not cluttered with equipment, raw materials and various objects.

At the entrance to the production area there should be an inscription indicating its category and classes of explosion and fire hazard.

In basements and basements of industrial buildings, it is prohibited to store flammable and explosive substances, cylinders with pressurized gases and substances with increased explosion and fire hazard, and in basements with exits to common staircases of buildings - combustible substances and materials.

In workshop storerooms for storing flammable and flammable liquids, standards for their storage are established.

At workplaces in industrial premises, flammable and combustible liquids (fuel, solvents, varnishes, paints) are stored in tightly closed containers in an amount that does not exceed the replacement requirement.

Smoking in industrial premises is allowed only in specially designated places equipped with water tanks and waste bins. A sign with the words “Smoking area” should be posted in these places.

In industrial and administrative buildings of the ATP it is prohibited:

block the passages to the location of the primary fire extinguishing equipment and to the internal fire hydrants;

clean rooms using flammable and combustible liquids (gasoline, kerosene, etc.);

leave in the premises after the end of work heating stoves, electric heating devices connected to the power grid, non-powered technological and auxiliary equipment, flammable and hot liquids, not removed to specially designated places or storerooms;

use electric heating devices in places not specially equipped for this purpose;

use homemade heating devices;

to warm up frozen pipes of various systems (water supply, sewerage, heating) with an open fire;

to carry out work with the use of open fire in places not provided for this purpose, as well as to use open fire for lighting during repair and other work;

store containers from flammable and combustible liquids.

To eliminate conditions that could lead to fires and ignitions, all electrical installations should be equipped with devices for protection against short-circuit currents. It is necessary to connect, branch and seal the ends of the conductors of wires and cables using crimping, welding, soldering or special clamps. Lighting and power lines are mounted in such a way as to exclude contact of lamps with combustible materials. Oil-filled electrical equipment (transformers, switches, cable lines) is protected by stationary or mobile fire extinguishing installations.

Air heating and heating devices are positioned in such a way that free access to them is provided for inspection. In rooms with a significant emission of combustible dust, heating devices with smooth surfaces are installed to prevent the accumulation of dust.

Ventilation chambers, cyclone filters, air ducts are periodically cleaned from combustible dust accumulated in them.

In the event that vapors of flammable liquids or explosive gases are emitted in the premises, ventilation systems with regulators and fans are installed in them, excluding sparking. Ventilation installations serving fire and explosive rooms are equipped with remote devices for switching them on or off in case of fires.

When servicing and operating vehicles, the following fire safety rules should be observed. It is necessary to wash units and parts with non-flammable compounds. It is allowed to neutralize the parts of an engine running on ethyl gasoline by flushing with kerosene in places specially allocated for this purpose.

Cars sent for maintenance, repair and storage must not have fuel leaks, and the necks of the fuel tanks of vehicles must be closed with lids.

If it is necessary to remove the fuel tank and when repairing fuel lines, the fuel is drained. Drainage of fuel is obligatory for maintenance and repair of passenger cars on a revolving stand.

When servicing and repairing gas equipment of gas-cylinder vehicles, special care should be taken to avoid sparks. To do this, use a tool made of non-sparking metals (aluminum, brass). Maintenance and repair of electrical equipment of a gas-cylinder vehicle is carried out with the valves of the gas equipment closed, and after airing the engine compartment.

In order to prevent a fire on the car, it is prohibited:

Allow dirt and oil to accumulate on the engine and its crankcase;

Leave oiled cleaning materials in the cab and on the engine;

Operate faulty devices of the power supply system;

Supply fuel by gravity or in other ways with a faulty fuel system;

Smoking in the car and in the immediate vicinity of the power system devices;

Preheat the engine with an open flame and use an open flame when detecting gas leaks through leaks.

The number of cars in parking lots, in the premises of maintenance and repairs must not exceed the established norm. They should be placed taking into account the minimum allowable distances between cars, vehicles and building elements.

Tank trucks for the transportation of flammable and combustible liquids are stored in one-story rooms, isolated from other rooms by walls with a fire resistance of at least 0.75 hours. On open areas they are stored in specially designated places.

3.6 Safety

Working conditions at road transport enterprises are a combination of factors of the working environment that affect human health and performance in the labor process. These factors are different in nature, forms of manifestation, the nature of the effect on a person. Among them, a special group is represented by hazardous and harmful production factors. Their knowledge helps to prevent industrial injuries and diseases, to create more favorable working conditions, thereby ensuring its safety. In accordance with GOST 12. O. 003-74, hazardous and harmful production factors are subdivided according to their effect on the human body into the following groups: physical, chemical, biological and psychophysiological.

Physical hazardous and harmful production factors are divided into: moving machines and mechanisms; moving parts of production equipment and technical equipment; moving products, parts, assemblies, materials; increased dust and gas content of the air in the working area; increased or decreased temperature of surfaces of equipment, materials; increased or decreased air temperature in the working area; increased noise level at the workplace; increased vibration level; increased level of ultrasound and infrasonic vibrations; high or low barometric pressure in the working area and its sharp change; increased or decreased air humidity, air ionization in the working area; lack or lack of natural light; insufficient illumination of the working area; reduced contrast; increased brightness of light; sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of workpieces, tools and all equipment.

Chemical hazardous and harmful production factors are subdivided according to the nature of the effect on the human body into toxic, irritating, sensitizing, carcinogenic, mutagenic, affecting reproductive function, and along the way of penetration into the human body - into those penetrating through the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, skin and mucous membranes.

Biological hazardous and harmful production factors include the following biological objects: pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, fungi, spirochetes, rickettsia) and their waste products; microorganisms (plants and animals).

Psychophysiological dangerous and harmful production factors by the nature of the action are divided into physical and neuropsychic overloads on a person. Physical overload is subdivided into static and dynamic, and neuropsychic into mental overstrain, overstrain of analyzers, monotony of labor, emotional overload.

During the maintenance and current repair of cars, the following dangerous and harmful production factors arise: moving cars, unprotected moving elements of production equipment, increased gas contamination of premises with exhaust gases from cars, the danger of electric shock when working with an electric tool, etc.

Safety requirements for maintenance and repair of cars are established by GOST 12.1004-85, GOST 12.1.010-76, Sanitary rules for the organization of technological processes and hygienic requirements for production equipment, rules on labor protection in road transport and fire safety rules for service stations.

Technological equipment must meet the requirements of GOST 12. 2. 022-80, GOST 12. 2. 049-80, GOST 12. 2. 061-81 and GOST 12. 2. 082-81.

In the maintenance zone and in the TP zone, to ensure the safe and harmless work of repair workers, reduce labor intensity, improve the quality of maintenance and repair work on vehicles, work is carried out at specially equipped posts equipped with electromechanical lifts, which, after lifting the vehicle, are attached with special stoppers, various devices, devices, instruments and inventory. The car on the lift must be installed without distortions.

To prevent electric shock, the hoists are grounded. For the work of repair workers "from below" the car, individual lighting of 220 volts is used, which are equipped with the necessary safety equipment. Removal of units and parts associated with great physical stress, inconvenience, is carried out using pullers. Units filled with liquids are preliminarily freed from them, and only after that they are removed from the car. Light parts and assemblies are carried manually, heavy assemblies weighing more

Designing a mechanical repair workshop. Determination of the number of maintenance and repairs. Calculation of artificial lighting for a locksmith and mechanical site. Selection of repair and technological equipment. Calculation of the number of truck repairs per cycle.

Development of a project for a service station and car repair areas. Calculation of the production program for maintenance and repair. Features of the organization and management of production, safety and labor protection at car service enterprises.

Technological process of repairing a tire of a VAZ 2108 car, using progressive methods of organizing car repair production in the conditions of the PPP of MTK LLC. Features of environmental protection and fire-prevention measures at the tire fitting site.

Calculation of the frequency of maintenance and repair, determination of the frequency of the cycle mileage of cars. Calculation of the technical readiness factor, determination of the fleet utilization factor. Service system technical documentation.

Assignment To develop a project on the topic "Organization of work, the aggregate section of the complex of repair sections of the ATP in Voronezh." Design assignment:

Production and technical documentation in the management of the processes of current repair (TR) of vehicles in the conditions of motor transport enterprises (ATP). Development of a document flow diagram. Comparative analysis of the organization of maintenance and repair of rolling stock at the ATP.

Designing the organization of work at the posts of vehicle maintenance. Brief description of the repair team. Description of the technology for carrying out a complex of maintenance and repair works. Labor protection requirements and safety requirements for vehicle maintenance.

1. INTRODUCTION The efficiency of the use of vehicles depends on the perfection of the organization of the transport process and the properties of vehicles to keep within certain limits the values \u200b\u200bof the parameters characterizing their ability to perform the required functions. During the operation of the car ...

Characteristics of a motor transport company. Calculation of the maintenance area, its area, the annual volume of work, the number of workers. The choice of the method of organizing the technological process. Analysis of the organization of management of the technical service of the ATP.

Characteristics of the motor transport enterprise and the design object. Calculation of the car maintenance program. Calculation of the shift program. Selection of technological equipment. Mechanization of production processes in departments.

Characteristics of the motor transport workshop for the repair of the chassis. Calculation of the maintenance frequency of the corresponding type. Determination of the daily production program. Labor intensity distribution by type of work. Organization of labor at the design site.

Calculation of the annual scope of work at the car service station, their distribution by type and place of implementation. Calculation of the number of workers, the number of posts and the car-waiting and storage places. Determination of areas and equipment needs.

Technological calculation of the required areas, the amount of equipment and the technological relationship of production departments and equipment of the ATP. Calculation of the areas of maintenance and repair zones, production areas, warehouses, car storage areas.

Characteristics of the studied motor transport enterprise and the design object. Operating conditions of rolling stock. Calculation and correction of the frequency of maintenance and mileage before overhaul. Calculation of specific labor intensity.

The choice of a rational way to restore the part. Development of a list of operations of the technical process for repairing the ZIL-130 cylinder block. Welding and surfacing equipment. Calculation of allowances for machining. Choice of cutting, measuring tools.

Technological substantiation of the project of a motor transport enterprise. Determination of the number of maintenance and repairs per cycle. Determination of the annual scope of maintenance and repair work. Manufacturing locations.

Designing the annual scope of work at the workshop in accordance with the standards and reference data. Determination of the number of jobs, the number of engineering and technical workers. Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop, the need for basic resources. Justification of the graphic part.

Description of the fuel equipment shop. Calculation of the annual production program. Calculation of the number of production workers. Organization of the production process of repairing the rolling stock of ATP at the site. The control scheme of the fuel shop at the ATP.

General characteristics of ATP. Name, address and purpose: Transport section No. 14. Address: Tutaev st. Promyshlennaya, 8 Designed for scheduled repairs and technical

Contents Coursework assignment 1 Introduction2 2.1 Initial data for the calculation2.2 Selection and adjustment of the initial standards for maintenance and repair2.3 Determination of the design coefficient of technical readiness and the output coefficient2.4 Annual mileage of all cars2.5 Quantity calculation Maintenance and repair of the entire fleet for the year 2.6 Definition of daily maintenance programs2.7 Determination of the labor intensity of TO, TR and the number of main and auxiliary workers2.8 Determination of the number of posts and lines of maintenance and repair8.1 Determination of the rhythm and tact of production for KamAZ-5320 and KamAZ-2.9 Determining the number of posts in zones TR 2.10 Distribution of workers by posts of the maintenance zone2.11 Selection of technological equipment for the motor section3 Organizational part3.1 Organization of the production management of TO and TR at the site3.2 Organization of the technological process for the repair of units3.3 Lighting calculation3.4 Ventilation calculation3.5 Fire safety3.6 Safety instructions 4 List of sources used1 Introduction Transport is one of the key sectors of the national economy. In modern conditions, further development of the economy is inconceivable without well-established transport support.

The labor rhythm of enterprises in industry, construction and agriculture, the mood of people, and their efficiency largely depend on its clarity and reliability. The socio-economic transformations that have taken place in our country over the past 10 - 12 years have disrupted the efficient system of organization and management of the transport sector.

Most of the public transport facilities in the regions of Russia have been privatized by now, a fairly large number of individual carriers and small private enterprises have appeared, participating in the development of passenger transportation. Demonopolization of public transport has led to the fact that its management system has become less manageable and more costly.

At present, transport operates under conditions when there is a tendency towards stabilization of the real sector of the economy and the income of the population.

Passenger transport is one of the most important sectors of the economy.

In the absence of personal vehicles for many citizens, the problem of timely and high-quality satisfaction of the demand for transportation grows from a purely transport to a social one, which determines the attitude of the population not only to the quality of the provided transport services, but also to the processes taking place in the region and the country in general. Such conditions require joint efforts of transport specialists, central and regional authorities, which should be aimed at improving the functioning of the transport complex.

During the operation of the car, its working properties gradually deteriorate due to wear of parts, as well as corrosion and fatigue of the material from which they are made. Failures and malfunctions appear in the car, which are eliminated during maintenance (MOT) and repair. A car that meets all the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation is considered correct.

An efficient car, in contrast to a serviceable one, must satisfy only those requirements, the fulfillment of which allows it to be used for its intended purpose without threatening traffic safety. Damage is the transition of a car to a faulty but operable state; its transition to an inoperative state is called a failure. Repair is a complex of operations to restore the serviceability or serviceability of products and restore the resources of products and their components.

The need and feasibility of car repairs are primarily due to the unequal strength of their components (assembly units and parts). It is known that it is impossible to create a car of equal strength, all parts of which would wear out evenly and have the same service life, therefore, during operation, cars undergo periodic maintenance and, if necessary, routine repair (TR), which is carried out by replacing individual parts and assemblies.

This allows the vehicles to be kept in good technical condition. Routine repairs must ensure the guaranteed performance of the car on a run until the next scheduled repair, and this run must be at least the run until the next TO-2. In the event of failures, an unscheduled TR is performed, in which parts are replaced or restoredand assembly units in the amount determined by the technical condition of the car. Overhaul must ensure serviceability and full (or close to full) life of the car or unit by restoring and replacing any assembly units and parts, including base ones.

Great attention has been constantly paid to the organization of car repair in our country. In the first years of Soviet power, the car park in our country consisted of only a few thousand cars, mainly of foreign production. To organize the production of cars in the young Soviet Republic, there was no material base, no experience, no trained personnel, therefore the development of auto repair production historically outstripped development domestic automotive industry. 2 Settlement and technological part2.1 Initial data for the calculation The section contains all the data necessary for the calculation based on the analysisenterprise and accounting for development prospects.

Initial data are presented in the form of table 2.1.

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ORGANIZATIONAL SECTION

Organization of production TO and TR provides for the solution of two about millets:

v how to organize work with existing repair workers about chimi;

v how to manage this production.

Considering the issues organizational section, you need p e sew the following a cottages:

v choose the method of organizing the production of TO and TR in ATP ;

v choose the method of organizing the technological process at the project object and rationing;

v determine the flow diagram at the design facility a niya;

v select the operating mode of production units and agree about to make their work with the work of cars on the line;

v to distribute performers by specialties and qualifications;

v select technological equipment and tooling, calculate production d the actual area of \u200b\u200bthe design object and place on it the selected objects about ore and tooling;

v draw up the layout of the design object;

v analyze the level of mechanization at the design facility according to the project and before the implementation of the recommendations defined in coursework project .

CHOICE OF A METHOD OF ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION OF TO AND TR AT ATP

The most widespread are currently three methods of organizing the production of maintenance and repair of rolling stock. vA: method of specialized br and reptile, the method of complex teams and the aggregate-district method. Let's briefly analyze these methods.

The method of specialized teams provides for the formation about production units by sign them technological specialist and zation by type of technical impact.

Specialization of teams by type of impact (EO, TO-1, TO-2, diagnostics a nie, TR, repairs units) promotes increasing the productivity of workers through the use of progress in technological e processes and mechanization, improving the skills and specialization of performers to perform a limited range of technological operations assigned to them e walkie-talkies.

With this method of organizing work, technological sky one about kinship of everyone plot , (zones ) prerequisites are created for effective operational management of production, due to the maneuver of people, spare parts, technological equipment and tools n volume, accounting and control over the implementation of certain types of technical s actions.

However, the negative side of this method is the lack of from tatoch - personal responsibility of the performers for the performed a bots. The effectiveness of this method increases with centralized production management and the use of special control systems. in quality maintenance and repair e mont.

Method complex brigades foresees shaping a production division laziness on the basis of their subject cn e cialysis - tion, i.e. assignment to the brigade of a certain group of about mobiles (for example, car about beats of one convoy, cars of the same model, trailers and semi-trailers) along which the team conducts a bots TO-1, TO-2 and TR. EO, diagnostics and repair of the unit are carried out centrally. a comrade

Complex brigades are staffed with different h specialties (car mechanics, locksmiths-traffic controllers, electricians, lubricants), necessary to perform the assigned to the brigade p a bot.

Each team, as a rule, has assigned jobs, posts for maintenance and repair, its own technological equipment and tools. at cops, stock of circulating units and spare parts, which leads to the dispersion of material resources ATP complicates hands about production management TO and auto repair about mobiles. With this method, the impersonality of responsibility for quality is preserved. e maintenance and repair work.

Moreover, friction may arise between the teams due to the sequence of the EO work, diagnosis, use of general e equipment (crane, hoist, specialized tools t rument). Situations may arise when workers of one team are overloaded e us, and the other is underutilized, but the teams are not interested in mutual about help. An important positive quality of this method is the brig d responsibility for the quality of maintenance and repair work e monto.

The essence aggregate-division method is that all maintenance and repair work of rolling stock ATP distribute t between the production areas responsible for producing l all maintenance work and repair of one or more units (at s fishing, mechanisms and systems) for all machines about bilam ATP .

Moral and material responsibility for the quality of maintenance and repair e mon - that the units, assemblies and systems assigned to the site become n cret - noah. The work assigned to the main production sites is performed by the performers who are part of their teams as at the posts of maintenance and e installation, and in the corresponding shops and areas. The disadvantage of this method is the decentralization of production, d the operational management of it.

In addition, friction m between individual sections due to next about work performance, which leads to the accumulation of workers on some vehicles and unnecessary downtime of other vehicles that require maintenance at living and repair.

Distribution of cars arriving for maintenance and repair, by production n does not allow to plan the time of completion of repairs throughout the car and liu.

Thus, the most progressive methods of organizing the production of TO and TR on ATP are brig-based methods d noy tr at yes performers specializing in either the subject - nomu or technologically about mu sign.

In the first case, each of the brigades performs MOT and TR of certain agr e gats or vehicle systems (a team of maintenance and repair of engines, a team of maintenance and repair of clutch, cardan and main gearbox e editor, etc.), in the second case, each of the brigades performs the corresponding type of technical e impact (UMR brigade, TO-1 brigade, etc.) while, for ease of management, it is advisable to combine separate teams in a set to sy.

Regardless of the number of cars in ATP preference trace at give to a centralized production control option t vom.

The production control centralization system (MCC) provides withabout observing the following principles:

1. A clear distribution of administrative and operational functions between management personnel and the concentration of operational functionsin management in a single center or production management department t vom (MCC or PMO).

The main tasks of the MCC - collection and processing of information on the state of production resources and the amount of work to be performed e niyu, as well as planning and control over the activities of production d business units based on an analysis of the existing and n formations. MCC consists of two divisions - the department of operational management e niya (TOC) and the department of information processing and analysis (O ABOUT AI).

2. Organization of production of maintenance and repair of rolling stock is based on the technological principle of the formation of production d natural - divisions. Moreover, each type of technical th this is carried out by a specialized brigade or section (brigades EO, TO-1, TO-2, TR, etc.).

3. Production units (brigades, sections), produced l technologically homogeneous work, for the convenience of control in i unite with them t xia in industrial complexes.

ITSATP may include the following production companies m plexes:

v Complex section (TOD), performing diagnostics of the technical condition of rolling stock, maintenance, routine maintenance and related repairs;

v Complex section (TR), performing maintenance work;

v Complex site (RU), manufactured repair of units and assemblies , parts removed from cars, and the manufacture of new parts;

v Complex plot (PP) providing training maintenance and repair production.

A number of works can practically be performed independentlyabout medium on the car and in workshops (electrical, gesture i nitsky, welding, painting, etc.). the assignment of these units to the TR or RU is usually made taking into account the prevailing (by labor about e capacity) type of work, as well as taking into account organizational considerations in relation to specific services about viyam ATP.

4. Preparation of production, i.e. e. acquisition of the revolving stock of spare parts and materials, storage and regulation of a passes, delivery of units, assemblies and parts to work stations, washing and completing the repair fund, providing working tools at cop, as well as driving cars in the areas of maintenance, repair and waiting a niya - carried out centrally by a complex of preparation of production t wah.

On to pre-production complex entrusted to you completion of the following works :

v Acquisition of the revolving fund of units, assemblies, instruments and parts;

v Organization of the work of the intermediate warehouse to ensure the storage of the circulating fund and maintain the standard fund of serviceable units, assemblies and parts;

v Selection of spare parts and their delivery to workplaces;

v Transportation of units, assemblies and parts removed for repair;

v Organization of washing of all units, assemblies and parts removed from vehicles;

v Completion of assemblies and parts for maintenance - 2 on the basis of faults previously identified during diagnostics, etc. ... d .

5. The MCC system uses means of communication, automation, tele mechanics and computing.

Allows to ensure the collection and concentration in the MCC of comprehensive information on the progress of the production of maintenance and repair of cars, the employment of technological posts, the availability of material and labor resources, which enables the MCC employees to make informed decisions by the order of setting cars for technological impact, etc. . d .

The scheme of centralized production control using the technologist methodand complex complexes is shown in Fig. one

The control scheme for the projected section is shown in Fig. 2

CHOICE OF A METHOD FOR ORGANIZING TECHNOLOGICAL OGO PROCESS ON THE DESIGN OBJECT

In maintenance projects, the choice of the method of organizing techno the logical process should be determined by the shift program of the corresponding type of TO. Depending on her lead and ranks can be adopted by the method of universal posts or the method of specialized p about stov.

Method of universal posts for the organization of maintenance a it is accepted for ATP with a small shift program for maintenance,

in which exploiting rolling stock of various types.

taken in medium and croup - those ATP in which the rolling stock is operated. According to the recommendations of NIIAT, those x it is advisable to organize the service on a specialized n stations by the flow method, if the shift program is not m e it: for EO\u003e 50, for TO - 1\u003e 12, and for TO - 2\u003e 6 services of the same type about beat.

Otherwise, either the method of dead-end specialized posts should be applied, or e tod of universal posts.

When choosing a method, it should be borne in mind that the most progressive is p about exact method, since it provides an increase productively - due to the specialization of posts, jobs and performers, creates s opportunity for wider mechanization of work, contributes to s work and technological discipline, ensures continuity and t production, reduces the cost and improves the quality of service and vaniya, contributes to the improvement of working conditions and the preservation of production about spare.

In projects in the current repair area the technological process can be organized by the method of universal or specialized p about stov.

Method of universal posts TR is currently the most common for pain b shrines ATP .

Specialized post method is increasingly popular about country - in ATP since allows you to maximize the mechanization of time-consuming processes p e installation, reduce the need for the same type of equipment, improve - sewing working conditions, using less qualified performers, improving the quality e repair and labor productivity.

Process flow diagram at the project sitecation is shown in Fig. 3

Figure: 1. Scheme of central production management

Management scheme of the projected site

Fig. 2. Control scheme of the aggregate-mechanical section

SCHEME OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS ON OBBEKTE DESIGN

Figure: 3. Diagram of the technological process of repair at the aggregate-mechanical section

SELECTION OF OPERATING MODE FOR PRODUCTION UNITS

The work of production units engaged in the ATP with maintenance, diagnostics and current repairs must be coordinated with the mode of operation of vehicles on the line. When assigning their operating mode, one should proceed from the requirement to perform large volumes of maintenance and repair work in between shifts.

Number of workerstheir days of the year: 365 days.

Shift work: 2 shifts.

Start and end time: from 6:00 to 2030 hours;

The combined work schedule of vehicles on the line and production units, see below fig. 4.

R DISTRIBUTION OF PERFORMERS BY SPECIALTIES AND QUALIFICATIONS

Distribution of performers in the aggregate-mechanical section

Table 4.3

Types of jobs	Labor intensity distribution,%	Number of performers
		estimated	adopted
Disassembly		2 ,7
Diagnostic
Assembly
Adjusting

Thus, on aggregate - m mechanical plot work doing yu t 3 performer i which th perform the entire repair cycle and diagnostician and ki, since the number of attendance, technologically necessary workers or the number of jobs received and moose 3 .

SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT

Selection of technological equipment, technological and organizational equipment for aggregate-mechanical plot production - dim, taking into account the recommendations of standard projects of workplaces and timesheet of garage technological equipment.

Technological equipment (organizational rigging)

Table № 4.4

Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions, mm.		Area, m2
Milling machine
Lathe
Lathe
Jib crane
	ORG-1468-090A
Oil bath for heating parts
Press for riveting friction lining
Clutch repair stand
Locksmith workbench
Pneumatic equipment test stand
Engine repair stand
Rotary rack
Test bench for oil pumps and filters
Bench press
Stationary hydraulic press
Valve Grinder
Valve Lapping Machine
Brake drum boring machine
Gearbox repair stand
Gearbox repair stand
Drilling machine
Cardan shaft repair stand
Bridge repair stand
Grinding and grinding machine
Overhead crane

Technological equipment

Table No. 4.5

Name	Model or GOST
Universal set of tools for disassembling and assembling car units		1 kit
Tool for disassembling connecting rod with piston
Tool for removing and installing piston rings	PIM-1357-05B
Crankshaft Bearing Fit Check Plates		1 kit
Large set of wrenches
Different files
Different scrapers
Locksmith Tool Kit
Metal brushes
Hair brushes
Set of probes

CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION AREA OF THE PROJECT

In projects for repair shops (sections), the production area is calculated using the formula:

k n \u003d 4.5 is the density coefficient of the equipment arrangement.

f about \u003d 50.97 - area of \u200b\u200bthe horizontal projection of technological equipment and organizational equipment, m 2.

Finally, I accept the area of \u200b\u200bthe aggregate-mechanical section equal to:

F workshop \u003d 288 m 2, 24 x 12 m 2

Deviation from the calculated area during the design or reconstruction of any production facility is allowed within ± 20% for a room with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 100 m 2 and ± 10% for rooms with an area of \u200b\u200bover 100 m 2

TECHNOLOGICAL CARD

The technological process of maintenance, diagnostics or TR is a set of operations for the corresponding effects, which are performed in a certain sequence with the help of various tools, devices and other means of mechanization in compliance with technical requirements (technical conditions).

The technological process of maintenance and diagnostics is drawn up in the form of an operational technological or guard technological chart.

Operational and technological map reflects the sequence of operations of the types of maintenance (diagnostics) or individual types of work on these effects on the unit or system of the car.

Post technological chart reflects the sequence of maintenance operations (diagnostics) for units (unit) or systems (system) that are performed at one of the maintenance (diagnostics) posts.

Route map reflects the sequence of operations for the repair of the unit or mechanism of the car in one of the divisions of the TR.

In accordance with the operational map, a process is developed and entered into the operational map.

GOST 3.1407-86 Form 1

Operating card

Aggregate-mechanical section

the name of the operation

Equipment (name, model)

Transition number

Technological mode

Fitted. (code, name)

Tool (code, name)

Removing the gearbox from the vehicle.

Set of wrenches

Washing and inspection of the transmission

Dismantling the transmission

Washing of components and assemblies

Defect detection of faulty nodes

Ruler, micrometer smooth

Replacement and repair of worn out assemblies and parts

Control and assembly of the gearbox

Keys set

The gearbox is installed on a stand for

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