One of the main challenges facing car manufacturers is improving vehicle safety, including while driving. For this, cars are equipped with various devices that help the driver to cope with control in the most difficult situations. One of them is the integrated active management system VSM.

About forces and moments

The torque generated by the motor is applied to the wheels and the car starts to move. This is a very simplified description of the process of moving it. However, when starting to move, maneuvering and braking, a wide variety of forces act on the car, and the nature of their effect depends on the speed, road condition and driver's actions.

Sometimes these actions are erroneous and incorrect, which may result in an accident. To avoid this, the developers have invented more than one electronic device that assists the driver in difficult conditions. Without touching all of them, it is enough to mention the most famous and well-known ones:

• ABS - anti-lock braking system;
• ESP - exchange rate stability system (different manufacturers have different names for it - ESC, DSC, DTSC, etc. In the following text, the most common abbreviation ESP will be used);
• TCP is a traction control system.

The operation of any of these active control devices is based on the constant monitoring of signals from sensors. According to them, the controller determines the discrepancy between the real driving mode of the car and what should be, it also takes the necessary measures, for example, it slows down, brakes or unlocks the wheel, changes the engine operating mode.

Active control system VSM

Another, somewhat specialized but useful, integrated control system, VSM, is worth mentioning. By itself, it does not work, only complete with ESP and ABS. If ABS provides stability during braking, TCP during acceleration, ESP prevents lateral displacements and is engaged in stabilizing the position of the car during maneuvers, then the VSM system is, as it were, integrated, combining the work of all other units and the driver's actions.

The VSM system integrates electric steering motor, ESP and ABS. VSM-equipped car makers claim the stability control system counteracts driver error.... those. if in a critical situation they are performed incorrectly to drive the vehicle, the VSM will counteract them.

More clearly, this means that if the driver turns the steering wheel in the wrong direction when performing a maneuver, then this will require considerable effort from him. Whereas with the correct movement of the steering wheel, nothing of the kind happens.

The tasks that VSM solves

If we try to generalize what tasks such an integrated system solves, then we can note the following:

1. relief of effort on the steering wheel when parking and maneuvering at low speed;
2. an increase at high speed of the steering wheel torque;
3. an increase in the reactive force of the wheels when they are returned to the middle position;
4. correction of the position of the front wheels when driving on a road with a slope, side wind, pressure differences in the wheels;
5. increasing stability (exchange rate).

Thus, the VSM system is engaged in stabilizing the position of the car on the road while driving in the same way as ESP, ABS and other devices similar in purpose. The difference between the two would be that VSM acts on the steering wheel through an electromechanical amplifier, not on the brakes... In other words, steering and braking are combined.

This is especially true when acceleration or deceleration occurs on different surfaces (one wheel on ice, water or other surface, the other on asphalt). Typically, this will cause the vehicle to pull to the side. To correct the situation, control signals are sent to the steering gear, correcting the position of the car. In principle, the considered situation is typical for the operation of such a control system. The possibility of skidding can be repeated during sharp maneuvering, in which case VSM will also help keep the car from skidding.

It should be noted that such a device is not included in the standard equipment of the car.

An active control system such as VSM primarily ensures the stability of the car on the course, when it moves on a different surface under different wheels. In this case, signals are generated not only for braking a separate wheel, but also for steering, due to which the car continues to move along a given course, and it is possible to avoid skidding.

People are the most difficult link in the chain of events to deploy a new production system and modernize the old one. It is easier to overcome workers' resistance than middle managers and top managers.

At the first all-Russian forum "Lean Manufacturing for Russia" / 1 / it was testified that almost two and a half hundred enterprises have embarked on the path of production optimization and are solving similar problems.

As the research of ICSI (Institute for Comprehensive Strategic Research) "Spreading Lean Manufacturing Practice in Russia" shows, it is the enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, as well as the entire spectrum of mechanical engineering, led by the automotive industry, that are most inclined to implement "lean manufacturing".

Studying the Toyota Production System (TPS), American analysts based on Japanese developments have created their own methods, combining them into a Lean Manufacturing or Lean production system. In Russia, she became known as LIN, she is also "lean manufacturing".

The most popular tools of “lean manufacturing” in Russia are quality management (used by 69% of those who reported their experience of using LIN), elements of workplace visualization (30%) and inventory management (25%). This set, firstly, is due to the existing bottlenecks in the work of enterprises. Secondly, these LIN tools are relatively easy to learn and implement: they do not require preliminary changes in production and can be implemented in a short time at individual pilot sites.

Figure 1 - Statistics on the use of LIN technologies

A Value Stream Map (VSM) is a diagram that displays each movement of the information material flow needed to fulfill a customer's order / 1 /.

VSM allows you to immediately see bottlenecks in the process flow and, based on its analysis, identify all overhead costs and processes. Such maps are created at all pilot sites, and if desired, it is easy to understand where and with what losses must be put up.

VSM is created in order to see the entire flow as a whole and to enable managers, technologists and workers to speak the same language about the problems of different stages of the flow. When building a VSM, you can see all the losses that are in the stream.

Since VSM reflects the state of the flow at a certain point in time, at least two types of maps of different states are distinguished: the current state and the state of the long-term perspective (future state).

Various software tools make it possible to build a VSM graphically, but the entire analysis of losses, bottlenecks, etc. is not an automated process.

The concept of VSM is currently considered only in a narrow range of specialties, mainly in CAD specialties and various areas of production automation. However, the use of this tool is possible in all places where there is a final product. For example, when creating a software product, configurations of accounting programs, assembling server operating systems, etc. A large number of distance and face-to-face training courses for VSM and related technologies are offered on the Internet. But many universities do not pay attention to this.

Conceptualizing and describing a value stream begins with a pencil sketch of the flow of materials and information during the production of a product. After that, a map of the current state is obtained. This state is not ideal, it is necessary to look for and mark bottlenecks on the map for further modernization. After that, the process of VSM analysis begins, which consists in transforming the current VSM map into a future state map.

VSM analysis tools are rarely used when learning the very concept of VSM. For some reason, it is believed that this tool is quite effective even with manual analysis, there are enough tools for drawing VSM diagrams.

But there are several software tools that can help with the analysis. The most flexible and powerful of these is an add-on for Microsoft Visio called eVSM. It allows not only to graphically compose VSM maps, but also to calculate a large number of time parameters, resource utilization rate, takt time, draw process work graphs, numerically and graphically compare the results of certain changes in the scheme (to simulate the results of changes). This program is supplied both as a paid (about $ 600) and as a 30-day version and a version for students.

In addition, the program provides an opportunity to solve the transport problem (movement of products between stages) using "spaghetti" diagrams.

Combining the very concept of VSM with tools like eVSM helps to study in more detail the problems of managing the creation of various products in many areas of industry, small and medium-sized businesses. And the teaching of these technologies to specialties that are associated with the management of any production processes or product creation will significantly increase the understanding of the optimization of such processes.

We think that when using tools such as eVSM, it is possible, when training a wide range of future specialists, to immediately instill in them the basics of "lean manufacturing" and the skills of analyzing real processes of creating products.

List of references

1 Russian Lin-Forum. Lean manufacturing, lean, kaizen, TPS: training, implementation, learning experience. [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.leanforum.ru/ - 12. 01 . 2012

2 Rother M., Learn to see business processes. The practice of building maps of value streams / Rother M., Shuk D., .- M .: Alpina Business Books, 2005. - 144s - isbn 5-9614-0168-5

One of the main challenges facing car manufacturers is improving vehicle safety, including while driving. For this, cars are equipped with various devices that help the driver to cope with control in the most difficult situations. One of them is the integrated active management system VSM.

About forces and moments

The torque generated by the motor is applied to the wheels and the car starts to move. This is a very simplified description of the process of moving it. However, when starting to move, maneuvering and braking, a wide variety of forces act on the car, and the nature of their effect depends on the speed, road condition and driver's actions.

Sometimes these actions are erroneous and incorrect, which may result in an accident. To avoid this, the developers have invented more than one electronic device that assists the driver in difficult conditions. Without touching all of them, it is enough to mention the most famous and well-known ones:

• ESP - exchange rate stability system (different manufacturers have different names for it - ESC, DSC, DTSC, etc. In the following text, the most common abbreviation ESP will be used);

The operation of any of these active control devices is based on the constant monitoring of signals from sensors. According to them, the controller determines the discrepancy between the real driving mode of the car and what should be, it also takes the necessary measures, for example, it slows down, brakes or unlocks the wheel, changes the engine operating mode.

Active control system VSM

Another, somewhat specialized but useful, integrated control system, VSM, is worth mentioning. By itself, it does not work, only complete with ESP and ABS. If ABS provides stability during braking, TCP during acceleration, ESP prevents lateral displacements and is engaged in stabilizing the position of the car during maneuvers, then the VSM system is, as it were, integrated, combining the work of all other units and the driver's actions.

The VSM system integrates electric steering motor, ESP and ABS. According to car manufacturers with VSM, the stabilization control system counteracts the erroneous actions of the driver, i.e. if in a critical situation they are performed incorrectly to drive the vehicle, the VSM will counteract them.

More clearly, this means that if the driver turns the steering wheel in the wrong direction when performing a maneuver, then this will require considerable effort from him. Whereas with the correct movement of the steering wheel, nothing of the kind happens.

The tasks that VSM solves

If we try to generalize what tasks such an integrated system solves, then we can note the following:

1. relief of effort on the steering wheel when parking and maneuvering at low speed;
2. an increase at high speed of the steering wheel torque;
3. an increase in the reactive force of the wheels when they are returned to the middle position;
4. correction of the position of the front wheels when driving on a road with a slope, side wind, pressure differences in the wheels;
5. increasing stability (exchange rate).

Thus, the VSM system is engaged in stabilizing the position of the car on the road while driving in the same way as ESP, ABS and other devices similar in purpose. The difference between the two would be that VSM acts on the steering wheel through an electromechanical amplifier, not on the brakes... In other words, steering and braking are combined.

This is especially true when acceleration or deceleration occurs on different surfaces (one wheel on ice, water or other surface, the other on asphalt). Typically, this will cause the vehicle to pull to the side. To correct the situation, control signals are sent to the steering gear, correcting the position of the car. In principle, the considered situation is typical for the operation of such a control system. The possibility of skidding can be repeated during sharp maneuvering, in which case VSM will also help keep the car from skidding.

It should be noted that such a device is not included in the standard equipment of the car.

An active control system such as VSM primarily ensures the stability of the car on the course, when it moves on a different surface under different wheels. In this case, not only signals are generated to slow down a separate wheel, but also to the steering, so that the car continues to move along a given course, and it is possible to avoid skidding.

The road can be challenging every day, but you always have control over difficult surfaces, inclines, winding roads and unexpected maneuvers by other drivers thanks to the advanced electronic control system.

Feel completely secure in Sorento Prime. The rigid body structure is constructed using high-strength steels, and six airbags are standard. The highest level of safety is confirmed not only by laboratory crash tests, but also by simulations of real collisions.

360 ° all-round view function

The system facilitates parking and maneuvering in tight spaces. Thanks to four cameras, the display shows a view of the car from above, which helps the driver to check the vision of the situation from his own perspective in any direction when parking or performing maneuvers.

※ Working conditions: ignition on, transmission lever in D / R / N positions, speed up to 20 km / h.

ESC (Vehicle Stability Control) controls the speed and direction of the vehicle.

In this case, the system constantly compares the parameters obtained from the sensors (ABS sensor, yaw rate, acceleration, steering wheel) with the actions of the driver and works out the loss of traction of the car, due to which a skid may occur.

When the system (ESC) detects a loss of control, it instantly transfers individual braking force to each wheel.

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) ensures that friction is not lost between the wheels of the vehicle and the road surface during braking. When a driver suddenly presses the brake pedal, there is a chance that the car will get out of control and slide along the road. The main task of the anti-lock braking system is to avoid this situation.

Lifting assistance system it is needed in cases when the car starts to move on a rough road. The system ensures that the machine does not roll back on steep inclines, and has several significant advantages. Firstly, with its help, the car is more likely to move on the rise, which eliminates the need for the driver to use the parking brake. Secondly, the safety of both the driver and pedestrians is increased.

How the system works such is - when the driver stops pressing the brake pedal, the pressure drop in the brake system begins to gradually slow down. The lift assist system is activated when several factors coincide: the road lift exceeds 5%, the car starts up, and the driver presses the brake pedal.

The KIA Sorento Prime is equipped with front and side airbags that protect the driver and front passenger, as well as two curtain airbags that protect everyone in the cabin.

Emergency braking systemi am needed so that in a dangerous situation on the road, the car's braking mechanism works with maximum efficiency. According to statistics, when the emergency braking system is operating, the braking distance is reduced by 15-20% percent. This is sometimes enough to avoid a serious collision, accident or accident.

System BAS - determines by the speed with which the driver presses the brake pedal, whether there is an emergency braking situation on the road. The data on the speed of pressing the pedal are transmitted to the electronic control unit from the speed sensor of the movement of the vacuum booster rod. In the event that the signal value goes beyond the set level of the norm, the rod drive electromagnet is activated. The vacuum brake booster begins to act on the brake pedal - this is how the emergency braking process starts. It takes effect earlier than the ABS system.

Emergency pre-tensioning system (EFD)

The seat belts on the front seats of the KIA Sorento Prime are equipped with special EFD pretensioners. In an emergency, the belts are pre-tensioned to keep the driver and front passenger firmly in the seats, providing additional protection in the event of a collision.

Emergency communication system ERA-GLONASS

In unforeseen cases, the system will connect you with the operator to clarify if everything is in order, or call emergency services.

LED headlights with dynamic low beam function

The headlamps are capable of additionally illuminating corners, providing better visibility in the dark. In addition, the swivel optics adapt to the steering angle, weight and vehicle speed.

Active head restraints a special movable lever is integrated, which is located in the back of the chair. When the car hits an obstacle, inertia pushes the driver into the seat and their weight pushes against this lever. In this case, the reaction mechanism immediately begins to work - even before the driver's head tilts back, the active head restraints move towards it and soften the force of the impact. After that, they take their starting position. It should be noted that the head restraints must be pre-adjusted for the most efficient operation.

Active head restraints are activated when the car hits an obstacle at low or medium speed, and in some cases, a rear-end collision with the car. It is in these situations that the likelihood of injury due to the whip effect increases.

Integrated Active Management System (VSM) helps the car to maintain a stable position while braking and cornering, especially on wet, slippery or uneven surfaces, by working together stabilization system and electric power steering Based on the information collected by the sensors, the stabilization system and electric power steering are activated as soon as the vehicle starts slip and return it to a safe trajectory.

High strength steel (AHSS)

The KIA Sorento Prime uses more than 52.7% high-strength steel. This unique grade of steel is used to reinforce the front, rear and sides of the vehicle, as well as in those areas of the body that are subject to maximum stress.

Rear subframe

The rigid rear subframe provides excellent roadholding.

Vertical rear shock absorbers

The vertical arrangement of the rear shock absorbers helps mitigate the negative effects of riding on uneven roads and enhances cabin comfort.

Intelligent Automatic Parking System SPAS

This system is designed to help you with both parallel and perpendicular parking. It automatically recognizes a suitable parking space, turns the steering wheel and estimates the distance to other vehicles. All you have to do is step on the gas and brake and shift gears in your Sorento Prime.

Blind Spot Monitoring System (BSD)

The blind spot monitoring system uses sensors that scan the area on the sides and behind the car for dangerous proximity to other vehicles in the zero visibility zone. If an object is detected, the driver is alerted by a visual signal on the side mirrors and center display. If the driver turns on the turn signal and another vehicle is detected in the blind spot on the other side, the warning horn will sound.

This system further improves vehicle stability and steering response when driving on slippery roads or detecting changes in the coefficient of friction between the right and left wheels during braking.

VSM system operation

Steering wheel control is possible during VSM operation. When the VSM system is functioning properly, a slight pulsation is felt in the vehicle. This is the result of brake control and does not indicate a malfunction.

The VSM system does not function in the following situations:

Shutting down the VSM system

To turn off the system, press the ESP OFF button, and the ESP OFF indicator () will also light up.

Malfunction indicator

The VSM can be deactivated automatically (in addition to pressing the ESPOFF switch). This automatic deactivation indicates a malfunction in the Electronic Power Steering (EPS) system or VSM system. If the ESP indicator () or EPS warning light remains on, have an authorized Kia dealer check the system.

NOTE

• The VSM system is designed to facilitate cornering at speeds over 15 km / h (9 mph).
• The VSM system is designed to assist braking on uneven roads at speeds over 30 km / h (18 mph). The pavement of such roads is made of materials with different coefficients of friction.

CAUTION

• Stability Management (VSM) is not a substitute for good, safe driving, but only an optional feature. The driver is obliged to always control the speed and distance to the vehicle in front. Always grip the steering wheel firmly while driving.
• Your vehicle, even with VSM installed, always listens to the driver. Always follow normal road safety precautions, including speed selection according to traffic conditions, including inclement weather and slippery road surfaces.
• If the vehicle has different wheel or tire sizes, the VSM may not function properly. The dimensions of the replacement tires must be the same as the original tires.

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