- a rather complex vehicle unit that requires appropriate attention and high-quality diagnostics. If the gearbox malfunctions, driving becomes not only uncomfortable, but also unsafe.

To date, the main problem associated with a gearbox malfunction is poor gear shifting. It should be noted that more often this applies to used cars, although problems of this kind on new cars in the budget segment are also no exception.

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Transmissions poorly turn on: the main causes and gearbox breakdowns

As a rule, errors during the operation of the unit lead to disturbances in the operation of the box. In any case, a diagnosis is needed. In this case, the problems that arise when shifting the gearbox may be associated with such malfunctions:

Gears engage tightly or do not engage speeds on a manual transmission: the main causes of the malfunction and possible malfunctions.

As on any car, there is a gearshift mechanism on the VAZ 2110. The VAZ box is a five-speed one, it is turned on by a lever located in the passenger compartment.

In order to be able to fix the problems on your own, you need to understand a little about how exactly the switching mechanism works, which is why there are cases when some speed does not turn on or takes off. And also know how to fix it on your own.

Gearbox scheme

The gearbox device is as follows:

• to ensure gear shifting in the gearbox there is a primary shaft, consisting of a block of gears. They constantly mesh with the drive gears from the first to the fifth speed (that is, those that are directed towards driving forward);
• the secondary shaft is equipped with a main gear drive gear, it also has gear synchronizers, which provide forward movement of the driven gears. There are also bearings plus an oil sump;
• a VAZ two-satellite differential, with a driven gear of the main drive attached to the flange of its box;
• the gearbox drive consists of a gearshift knob, a ball bearing, a selection rod, a rod, gear selection mechanisms, as well as gearshift;
• jet thrust is designed to protect the gearbox from the fact that the gear takes off. It is attached with its ends to the support and the power unit.

How speeds are chosen

A separate important gearbox unit is the gear selection mechanism. It has a special speed selection lever and two locking brackets. One arm of the select lever enables forward travel, the other one serves to enable the rear.

Adjustment

On the VAZ 2110, it is not so rare that the gears turn on poorly, or they are knocked out. A mechanism for adjusting the speed selection drive is specially provided for this.

Adjustment may be necessary if:

• the box was recently removed for repair;
• one of the gears crashes;
• the speeds turn on poorly or they are simply knocked out when the car is moving.

If you have one of these problems, try adjusting first. Its sequence:

1. Under the bottom of the VAZ 2110, find and somewhat loosen the nut on the bolt tightening the clamp that secures the rod intended for controlling the gearbox;
2. Slightly push the grooves of the end of the rod with a screwdriver and the gap formed on the clamp itself. This is necessary to ensure easy movement of the rod in relation to the selector shaft. Put the stem in neutral position;
3. Release the shift knob in the passenger compartment from the cover;
4. Set the lever according to the special template. This is done as follows: install the template in the window of the rear speed lock bracket. After that, insert the stop of the lever axis into the groove of the template, pressing it without excessive force in the transverse direction;
5. Then adjust the axial play of the stem in the rear direction, and its axial play by turning to the left;
6. Install the clamp within a few millimeters of the end of the rod. Then tighten the clamp well with a bolt.

Repairs

If the described adjustment did not help you, you need to remove and disassemble the VAZ 2110 gearbox. Pay special attention to the fact that it often knocks out the gears, with the help of which the first and second speeds are turned on. Be sure to check each retainer.

They are made in the form of springs, there are three of them. The first retainer is long, it is responsible for the first and second gears. Second - middle, for third - fourth gear. For the fifth, the shortest retainer is used.

PPC diseases

There is often a complaint from the owners of the VAZ 2110 that the first speed is difficult to turn on or takes off.

Possible reasons:

• the synchronizer is often the culprit;
• perhaps the retainer spring has burst, the lever dangles, the speeds are switched on as they want;
• stem and fork may need replacement.

Another complaint is that the second gear turns on poorly, it is often knocked out.

Here one can suspect the main culprits:

• the second one flies out most often because the gear teeth do not mesh well with the clutch, which turns on the speeds;
• the tips of the gear teeth and clutch are already worn out, so the speed does not turn on well. If you do not intervene, it will soon take off;
• as an option, when it knocks out on the bumps, the clutch dies.

Sometimes (although rarely), from the fact that the second does not turn on well enough and flies out, replacing the retaining spring helps. If the speeds often fly out, some of them are difficult to turn on, then half measures will no longer help - a box overhaul is needed.

Whether you carry it out yourself, or go to the service, where they will repair you, as well as adjust the gearshift mechanism, decide for yourself, based on your own experience and skills.

The gearbox is a rather complex unit, which requires proper attention and diagnostics. Today, the problem of poor gear shifting is relevant for many vehicles, so it is important to understand how the unit is diagnosed and repaired. From this material you will find out why the first gear turns on poorly, what it is connected with, and how you can turn on the first speed if necessary.

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What are the reasons for interruptions?

The gearbox is not only one of the most difficult, but also one of the most basic components in any vehicle. The reasons for the malfunctions due to which the first gear engages tightly may be associated with both improper use of the unit and driving on poor road surfaces. In any case, if you do not know why the speed turns on poorly, then this indicates a certain breakdown of the unit itself.

It should be noted that a similar problem often occurs with older cars that are bought from hands, and not in car dealerships. Therefore, if you bought a used car, then you shouldn't even be surprised at such a problem, especially since such malfunctions will appear in any car sooner or later. In addition, if you try to turn on the speed and this happens, but very badly and with great difficulty, then the unit selector may eventually stop responding to any commands from the motorist altogether. Naturally, not every driver will be able to constantly start driving from second speed, so it is important to understand the reasons why the first gear is engaged slowly.

Below is a list of breakdowns that will cause the gear lever to shift poorly:

1. The problem is - the mechanism turns on poorly, the shutdown is incomplete. Often such a problem occurs in domestically produced cars and in most cases it is due to the fact that a mechanical clutch cable flies from the attachment point. In fact, it is not particularly difficult to identify this - if the cable breaks, the pedal will be sunk into the floor and will not move. This, as you understand, is directly related to the operation of the clutch, and not the gearbox.
2. There was a breakdown in the operation of the control rod of the gearshift mechanism. Then not only the first, but also the rear, as well as the rest of the speeds will turn on badly.
3. Breakdown of the jet thrust of the unit.
4. For unknown reasons, the mounting bolts located on the garnish or the selector of the gearbox mode selection rod have loosened. The problem is solved by tightening the bolts.
5. The gear shift drive was incorrectly adjusted.
6. Plastic elements in the gearbox control drive are out of order or have worked out their service life.
7. The wings were poorly adjusted. As you know, the purpose of the rocker is very important in the connection between the gearbox and the gear selector, so incorrect adjustment may well be the cause of the problem. In addition, plastic bushings could wear out or fail on this link.
8. Synchronizer failure can also be called one of the most common transmission failures. Unit synchronizers are brass bushings required for easier unit switching. Since brass itself is a soft material, it can wear out and wear during the operation of the vehicle. To correctly diagnose the state of the synchronizers, you should pay attention to the gearbox operation - if a grinding or unpleasant sound appears when shifting gears, then the problem is in them. Moreover, this sound will appear constantly when you try to turn on the first gear. In the event that only sound appears, but the gearbox selector turns on in one mode or another without problems, then a malfunction will arise soon.
9. Failure of the gearbox bearings. Such a malfunction does not occur so often, one might even say that it is rare, but any motorist can still encounter it. If you own a car with a manual transmission, then the bearings could jam in it, as a result of which the shaft stops rotating along the trajectory. In such cases, it is difficult to engage the first gear; at other speeds, the problem usually does not appear.
10. The box shaft is out of order. The unit shaft is usually not subject to operational wear or very heavy loads, but the malfunction may be caused by a factory defect. In the event that even not very big mistakes were made in production, then the shaft may well break. If so, then the problem of turning on the first gear may only be the beginning of a big breakdown that you have to face. As practice shows, often in such cases the unit itself breaks down completely.
11. The problem of clutch breakage is relevant for owners of cars with an automatic transmission. There are times when, with incorrect functioning of the clutches, when the first speed is turned on, a jolt occurs, but then everything works fine. The malfunction is solved only by replacing the clutches.

You, as a motorist, need to understand that a breakdown of the unit shaft or bearings cannot be diagnosed at home. Only experience and equipment will help to understand this reason. Accordingly, if problems arise with the inclusion of the first speed, it is advisable to immediately contact a professional.

How to turn on the first gear without harm to the box?

Often, inexperienced motorists, turning on the gearbox selector from second speed to first, can notice how some difficulties appear, in particular, how hard it is to engage the first gear. In such cases, the novice driver will often try to engage the speed using force, simply by driving the selector into the desired position. In no case should this be done, since such actions can be fraught.

Actually, noticing such a shortcoming in the manual transmission, motorists have developed a rule - the first speed should be turned on only in order to get under way. In all other cases, the second, third and fourth gears are included. Especially often experienced motorists use this rule, but we want to say from ourselves that this is, in principle, wrong.

Any auto instructor will tell you that the choice of speed should be based on the driving speed and engine speed. In principle, even parking normally is possible only at first speed. If you try to park at second speed, you will have to maneuver very quickly, and in such cases a heavy load will affect the grip. Actually, like on the gearbox unit itself. Accordingly, for yourself, you must learn one simple rule - you can turn on the first gear while driving only if the speed is low and the crankshaft speed is low.

Gearbox theory

Every motorist who understands the structure of the gearbox knows that all modern cars with a manual transmission are equipped with synchronizers. This element is one of the important components of the unit. The purpose of the synchronizers is to equalize the revolutions of all gearbox shafts. In addition, these elements are responsible for painless for the box and shockless gear shifting.

It should be noted that immediately as the driver pushes the gearbox selector when switching from second gear to first, an obstacle can be felt. This obstacle prevents the activation of the first speed and it is this obstacle that is called the synchronizer. In the event that the gearbox is relatively new or a synchronizer has been recently installed on it, then you will not feel problems with the transition from high speed to low speed. The inclusion of the first gear will be carried out without any obstacles.

But if your vehicle has already passed more than a hundred thousand kilometers, then this will directly affect the functioning of some elements of the unit. In particular, in the first place, synchronizers will stop working normally - they simply will not be able to perform the tasks assigned to them initially. Then the motorist is forced to perform various "tricks" that our grandfathers told us about - these are all kinds of peregaski with and so on.

When performing such tricks, the rebase will perform the function of an equalizer of the gears mated to each other. Thus, if the difference in angular speeds is high, and the synchronizers are worn out enough, then the driver will have to accelerate even more. In the event that the angular speeds are the same, the motorist will immediately understand this - the gearbox selector can easily switch from high speed to low speed. Thus, making efforts will no longer be advisable.

First gear engagement methods

So, if the modes are poorly turned on in your vehicle and you have already figured out the reasons and the theory, then let's move on to the most important thing - the methods of engaging the first gear. The simplest method in this case would be to activate the first gear while driving. You need to effortlessly push the implement selector forward and do this until the corresponding synchronizer comes into operation. However, it should be noted that this method is relevant for most cars and some trucks.

It should be borne in mind that in most old trucks this will not work, since the device of the unit itself does not allow this, since they simply do not have synchronizers. In addition, you need to take into account that this method of activating the first speed is hardly relevant if the synchronizer on your vehicle has already worked out its service life. It will simply be impossible.

Then the motorist will only have to wait a while until the car practically stops to turn on the desired speed. Or, using force, turn on the gearshift lever. In principle, neither the first nor the second method can be called the optimal way out in such a problem. As practice shows, it will be best to use the same old-fashioned method with overgas.

How to do this - you can find out below:

1. So, driving at second speed, start depressing the clutch pedal.
2. While pressing the pedal, move the gearbox selector to neutral position. By doing this, you can disable the clutch pedal can be disabled.
3. Then, when the pedal is fully lowered, you need to slightly add gas with your right foot while pressing the pedal. In this case, pay attention to the tachometer, which shows the number of revolutions. You need to bring the revolutions to two and a half thousand per minute, that is, the arrow should be at the number 2500. Here, pay attention to its one important nuance - the greater the difference in the angular speeds of the mating gears of the box, the higher you need to raise the number of revolutions. That is, an indicator of 2,500 is the minimum, add gas if necessary.
4. Then depress the clutch pedal again.
5. Further, the gearbox selector should be moved to the position of activating the initial mode, that is, the first speed. Here, also pay attention to the fact that if the selector does not enter correctly into the required position, then most likely you just gave a little gas. If so, then repeat the steps, only add more gas.
6. Ultimately, you need to release the clutch pedal smoothly, not abruptly. If you did everything correctly, then the lever of the box will turn into the required position without any problems, jolts and extraneous sounds.

If you did not succeed in doing this, then do not be discouraged - the first time rarely anyone succeeds in performing a double rebase. By repeating the procedure several times, you will be able to remember everything that needs to be done to correctly engage the first speed. Actually, the same methods allow you to activate the first gear when driving in third, for example, if you need to brake with a motor in an emergency. In this case, the higher the driving speed, the longer you will need to wait for the synchronizers to help you. Or you need to step more on the gas.

But do not regard double gas switching as a way out of the situation. This method can be called a temporary solution, but the unit will still have to be repaired. Since the replacement of synchronizers is a rather complicated process, we recommend that you seek professional help. If you nevertheless decide to perform this procedure yourself, then the instructions provided below will come in handy.

Manual transmission is a mechanism connecting the engine and the driving wheels of the vehicle (transferring the engine torque to the wheels). The main feature is that gear changes are completely controlled by the driver.

For the correct operation of the manual transmission, it is very important to know not only. Although the mechanical box is easy to maintain and repair, problems can still arise during operation.

In this article we will talk about why the gears are not engaged clearly or tightly, the gears are not included at all, etc. We will also consider the main causes of manual transmission malfunctions.

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The main causes of poor gear shifting

Among the main reasons, experts identify the following:

• poorly adjusted manual transmission rocker;
• malfunction of the clutch drive (does not turn off completely);
• defect in the gear selection mechanism of the checkpoint (defects in gears, bearings, etc.);

The first reason why the gears are turned on poorly or the manual transmission lever does not react at all to the driver's manipulations may be an unregulated rocker. The rocker is a kind of rod that connects the gear lever to the gearbox (the lever can also be connected to the gearbox by means of cables).

This problem is solved by adjusting the stage or replacing it, especially if the plastic bushings in it are worn out. The reason described above only applies to front wheel drive vehicles, as in the case of rear wheel drive vehicles, the gear lever is connected directly to the transmission.

A malfunction in the car's clutch mechanism can also cause poor gear shifting:

Another reason for not clearly engaging gears may be a malfunction of parts and mechanisms in the gearbox:

• wear of synchronizers. Excessive wear of synchronizers occurs in those gears that are included more often, namely in the urban cycle these are the first, second and third gears.

  When driving on highways in high-speed mode, respectively, the synchronizers of the manual transmission upshifts wear out. Wear can be determined by the characteristic crunch when shifting gears. In this case, replace the synchronizers.

• bearings of manual transmission shafts. Breakdowns occur mainly on vehicles with very high mileage or on vehicles that carry heavy loads due to their nature. In one and in the other case, manual transmission bearings are subject to increased wear. At the initial stage, bearing wear is manifested by the appearance of a monotonous howling sound from the box. If you do not take any measures, then further development appears in the worn bearing, which leads to axial runout of the bearing with its subsequent seizure. Parts of a crumbled bearing can get into the gears of the manual transmission and completely disable it.
• destruction of the teeth of the gears of the gearbox with physical wear or factory marriage. When operating a car with mechanics, the teeth of one of the gears of the gearbox may "fall out" with the subsequent possible destruction of the gearbox.

  As a result, the gear whose gear is damaged stops turning on, and the fragments of the collapsed gear can damage the rest of the manual transmission mechanisms.

What is the result

It is important to understand that a manual transmission is a reliable unit, which normally should not cause discomfort to the driver when driving a vehicle. This means that in case of complete serviceability, the work must be clear and balanced.

If the driver notes extraneous vibrations, noises, etc., there is a fuzzy inclusion or knocking out of the gear while the car is moving, then it is necessary to immediately diagnose the manual transmission.

In this case, it is important to determine not only why the speed on the gearbox does not turn on or the manual transmission gears are tightly engaged, but also to eliminate the cause as soon as possible.

In other words, riding on a faulty gearbox can cause bearings to collapse, etc. As a result, further damage to the components and mechanisms of the manual transmission cannot be avoided, and the cost of repairing the transmission in this case increases significantly.

Read also

The reasons for the difficult engagement of gears on a running engine. Transmission oil and level in the gearbox, wear of synchronizers and gear wheels, clutch.

Most often, the owners of nines complain that the VAZ 2109 does not turn on the speed or a crunch is heard during the inclusion and movement back. The first step is to analyze what you have recently changed in the box or clutch. Then remember the moment when the deviations from normal operation appeared. Check the oil level.

Causes of gearbox breakage

The complex mechanism is constantly working under load and under extreme conditions. Constant vibration, high temperatures, dust and dirt. If one or more speeds fail to turn on, you should check:

• cable tension and integrity;
• backstage attachment;
• clutch disc development;
• petals on the basket;
• bearing integrity;
• condition of the plug.

Clutch

When the clutch discs wear, the pedal lifts up, and its position becomes higher than the rest. In this case, when turned on, a crunch can be heard and the lever does not move, as if it rests against an obstacle. Do not force the knot, as this can lead to more serious damage - the gears will fly.

For such wear, it is characteristic that the clutch pedal falls into the floor and you can hear from the drivers that the VAZ 2109 does not turn on the speeds. This usually applies to all gears, but only the first and reverse can fail.

You can check by removing the rubber plug. The shattered disc leaves fibers that look like tangled strands of hair. If this occurs, a new clutch disc should be installed.

Cable

Due to constant loads, the cable is stretched and it must be periodically adjusted and tightened. In this case, the first and second speeds do not turn on on the VAZ 21093, the rear may also fail. To eliminate the breakdown, you need to drive into the pit and tighten the cable. In case of wear, replace immediately. You can do it yourself.

A similar breakdown can manifest itself in the failure of gears to turn on when the engine is running. Sliding along the splines is limited and no fixation occurs.

Basket

The reason for the difficult shifting of individual gears, especially if there is a crackling sound that gradually fades away during movement, may be the destruction of the intermediate ring in the basket. Pay attention to oil droplets on the outside. Then remove the basket and check the o-ring and disc petals. Pay attention when buying new parts, since some models do not have a disc and then you have to put the pins and fix it yourself.

Backstage

The weakened curtain must be pulled up with an assistant. Special knowledge and skills are not required from him, just the ability to hold the lever in the desired position while you crawl under the car and tighten the bolts. When weakening the wings on the VAZ 2109, the speeds do not turn on, and first of all the rear.

Park the machine on a pit or hill to access the bottom. Set the lever to neutral if multiple speeds are not engaged. When only the reverse gear does not work, then adjust it along it. The assistant must keep the shift knob in the preset position, without deviating anywhere.

It is necessary to loosen the bolt from below by 13, check the engagement of the gears, and after putting everything in place, tighten the bolt. In case of a problem with several gears, everything is done the same way, but set in neutral, or rather the shift knob in the middle position. How to do this, you can watch the video.

Fork

Most often it fails on the road. It is worth slowing down at a traffic light, and the speed does not turn on to continue driving. A crack formed on the body of the fork at any time can lead to its destruction even under light loads.

The first speed is not fixed

When starting to move from a standstill at first speed, especially from difficult ground such as sand and snow, you have to hold the gear lever, since it does not hold on its own, the gear is disengaged to neutral. There can be three reasons for this breakdown:

• the link is loose and does not fix the fork;
• gear and coupling wear;
• displacement of the engine on the pillows and knocking out the box.

You should fully check the condition of the fasteners of all parts and assemblies. The gearbox is rigidly fixed to the engine. However, when the motor slides on pillows, the first speed can knock out. Tighten all bolts and check the firmness of the attachment to the body. You can do this work yourself.

Fasten the rocker more rigidly to the shift lever, select the backlash, because it is she who is responsible for fixing the lever in the desired position. To do this, you need to put the car in the pit. Open the lid and conduct an audit. Pay particular attention to the condition of the gearing.

When worn, gears can slip and pop out without transmitting torque. When you press the lever with your hand, the clutch fits forcibly and engagement occurs.

New box

There are problems when they took the car from the service station, and the speed of the VAZ 21093 gearbox does not turn on. At the same time, when the engine is not running, the shift lever moves smoothly, without cracking. As soon as the car is started, the gears stop turning on. First of all, check the movement of the gear and fork along the splines - along the axis of the shaft. Since you opened the box, then pay attention to the position of the driven disk, whether it was placed correctly.

If you find faults soon after servicing the car at the service, you should not tinker with it yourself. Send your car back and let the locksmith find and fix their jambs on their own. Remember that you do not have to pay for reworking low-quality repairs.

VAZ 2109 does not turn on the reverse speed

The location of the rear speed in the extreme position most often leads to its refusal to engage. Since several models have exactly the same boxes, then the VAZ 21093 does not turn on the reverse speed for the same reason. It may be a short lever and the yoke is missing to the desired position.

It is enough to look at the photo of the gearbox from below to determine the cause. Repairs should be carried out in the pit, since everything will have to be done from below. You need to loosen the wings. Align the gears with reverse gear and tighten the bolt. The lever should be in the reverse gear position.

The first speed does not turn on when driving

Often, when the first speed is turned on when the car is moving, it wedges and does not work. There are no problems when starting to move. Some "experts" even put forward the theory that from the first gear you just need to start moving, and you should not use it during maneuvers.

This problem arises due to the fact that the injectors do not have time to align the torque of the gear wheels, and the driver forcibly tries to connect them. The flywheel spins much faster than the drive shaft and the teeth can fly if the force is large.

Do not rush to push the lever. Bring it to neutral, apply light pressure to the first speed position, and wait for the synchronizers to do their job and the gear engages.

For old boxes, there is a switching instruction with re-gasing. Shifting down a gear while driving, place the stick in neutral, press the throttle to increase the RPM, and then smoothly change the speed. This method is used by the owners of surviving retro cars, the price of which has recently increased significantly.