VAZ 2114 - The most popular domestic car. The fourteenth replaced the VAZ 2109. Changes were made to both the exterior of the body and the interior.
Sports style VAZ 2114
The sporty appearance is achieved by the moldings installed on the body along all the sides of the car, a spoiler and decorative sills.
The car has good technical characteristics, holds the track well, enters corners well even at high speed compared to the classic model, and even with its predecessor 2109.
VAZ 2114 is in good demand among fans of domestic tuning. A simple body structure and relatively cheap maintenance makes it possible to experiment and become individual in the gray stream of cars.
Specifications VAZ 2114
A conventional 4-cylinder 8-valve engine will surprise no one, so you should not expect any special characteristics. Front-wheel drive, standard gearbox, drum and disc brakes. The differences between the hatchback and sedans are in the volume of the trunk, which increases with the rear seat backs folded. The body shape in our case does not affect the dynamics. It makes no sense to compare the performance of the VAZ 2114 with the classics - aerodynamics due to smoother and more modern body lines makes the car easier to drive. Well, the rest of the VAZ 2114 is an ordinary Russian car, which is popular with many residents of the country and is desirable in every family. Most of the copies are injector, since 2011 an electronic gas pedal has been installed - e-gas
Engine |
1.5, 8 cl (Euro-2) 1.6 l, 8 cl. (Euro-3), 1.6 16kl (Super-Auto) |
Length mm | |
Width, mm | |
Height, mm | |
Base, mm | |
Front wheel track, mm | |
Rear wheel track, mm | |
Luggage compartment volume, dm 3 | |
Curb weight, kg | |
Gross vehicle weight, kg | |
Permissible total mass of the towed trailer with brakes, kg | |
Permissible total mass of the towed trailer without brakes, kg | |
Wheel formula / driving wheels |
4x2 / front |
Vehicle layout |
front-wheel drive, engine location front, transverse |
Body type / number of doors |
hatchback / 4 |
engine's type |
gasoline, four-stroke |
Supply system |
Electronic multi-point injection |
Number and arrangement of cylinders | |
Engine displacement, cm 3 | |
Maximum power, kW / rpm | |
Maximum torque, Nm at rpm | |
Fuel |
unleaded gasoline AI-92 (min) |
Fuel consumption by driving cycle, l / 100 km | |
Maximum speed, km / h | |
Transmission |
Manual control |
Number of gears |
5 forward, 1 back |
Gear ratio of the main pair | |
Steering |
trauma-safe, rack-and-pinion type, without amplifier |
Tires |
175 / 70R13-80 (T, H) |
Fuel tank capacity |
Dynamic characteristics
Acceleration to 100 km / h - 14.0 s (1.5 8kl), 13.6 s (1.6 8kl), 11 s (1.6 16kl)
Maximum speed -158 km / h (8kl), 185 -190 (16kl)
The volume in liters is the same as in cubes (cubic decimeters).
Such a spaciousness of the machine makes it possible to transport even oversized cargo in it, which is especially important for those who are often faced with the need to deliver any goods or cargo for another purpose to the place of unloading. With the seats folded down, the volume of the trunk increases by almost 2 times.
In addition, if you need to transport a large amount of cargo, or, for example, you go on a trip with the whole family, you do not have to be limited to 330 liters of space to arrange things. Various mounts and mounts for this car model are available for sale, which allow you to carry much more things than will fit in the luggage compartment.
For example, you can install a roof rack. Various options for such mounts are available for sale:
- Autoboxes.
- Mounts for sports equipment.
- Baskets.
- Expedition roof racks.
Thus, you will be able to make your car even more spacious and free up space for passengers.
Button control
It is very convenient when control (opening the trunk) is carried out with a button. Every car owner knows that it is very important to ensure that the trunk, like the car doors, is securely closed. The reliable operation of the trunk locks is just as important as the reliability of the lock in the garage or apartment door. All modern car models are equipped with a trunk opening mechanism using a control panel or a special button. Installing a mechanism with a button not only makes operation more convenient, but also solves a number of problems. In particular, this solves the problem of icing of the lock, which is opened with a key.
VAZ cars, 2113, 2114 and 2115 are models that are popular with domestic drivers. This is due to their low cost, maintainability, relative reliability and unpretentiousness. And the practicality of operating the car depends on the volume of the trunk of the VAZ 2114.
VAZ 2113
Thanks to the volume of the trunk of the VAZ 2113, drivers have the opportunity to transport bulky cargo. Its capacity is 330 liters. The technical characteristics of the luggage compartment make it possible to transport items with non-standard dimensions.
The trunk of the 2113 model is transformed: the driver can remove the shelf, fold the rear seats. After that, its capacity is 632 liters. The hatchback allows you to transport small, long loads.
The disadvantages include the lack of standard lighting (when tuning a car, it is mounted independently), a high loading side, which complicates the placement of goods inside.
VAZ 2114
VAZ 2114 is a reliable five-door car. The capacity is 330 liters with the seats folded down, and 632 liters with the unfolded seats. The loading height of the side has an inconvenient level (similar to that used on the thirteenth model), which significantly complicates the loading process.
The dimensions of the trunk are as follows: length - 830 millimeters with the seats folded down and almost 1660 millimeters when unfolded, width - 935 millimeters, depth - 830 millimeters, height - 780 millimeters. These dimensions are approximate and apply to models 2113 and 2114.
The transformation capabilities allow you to load items whose lengths and dimensions differ from standard dimensions. When installing additional luggage structures on the roof, you can transport a certain amount of bulky cargo.
The capacity, expressed in liters, is identical to the volume in cubic decimeters.
VAZ 2115
The volume of the trunk of the VAZ 2115 is 427 liters with the seats folded, if they are unfolded, then the capacity increases to 700 liters. The dimensions of the luggage compartment have been increased, so that even bulky goods can be transported on the fifteenth model.
The advantages include ease of disassembly, shelf installation, and convenient loading height. It is located almost at the level of the car bumper.
Drivers often improve sound insulation and luggage compartment trim. They mount an electric drive for opening the lid, install the backlight, construct boxes for storing small items (however, due to their installation, the trunk loses volume significantly).
Trunk features
The features of the luggage compartments of various modifications of models 2113, 2114, 2115 include an acceptable level of capacity and the possibility of transforming the cabin to increase the useful volume.
VAZ 2115 is distinguished by a convenient loading height, a more increased trunk volume of the Lada 2115. The rest of the design of the compartment for carrying cargo is identical to other models.
Cars are equipped with a regular shelf, it is installed vertically and separates the luggage compartment and the salon. If necessary (for example, when transporting bulky goods that require folding the rear seats), this shelf and vertical curtain can be removed.
On Lada 2113, 2114, 2115 cars, there is a niche under the "floor" of the trunk for storing a spare wheel and tools needed to quickly fix minor faults that may arise along the way.
The VAZ 2115 is distinguished by a convenient loading height, a more increased trunk volume of the Lada 2115. Otherwise, its design is identical to other models.
Models VAZ 2113, 2114, 2115, which are a modification of "eights", "nines" and "ninety-ninths", respectively, have become more ergonomic, easy to use, practical. The cars received spacious luggage compartments, which increased the amount of cargo carried. The presence of a number of shortcomings does not scare off drivers: some inconveniences can be corrected independently.
Cars of the VAZ 2113, 2114, 2115 family are popular not only in Russia, but also in the CIS countries. This is due to the wide distribution of these cars, their unpretentiousness, relative reliability, maintainability and cost. The machines have an acceptable loading bay capacity, which makes them easy to use for everyday household tasks or small business.
infokuzov.ru
Trunk volume VAZ 2114
Generation 1 generation Series Select 5-door hatchback Modification Select 1.5 MT (77 HP) 1.6 MT 8 cl (Euro-3) (81 HP) 1.6 MT 16 CL (89 HP) 1.6 MT 16 CL ( 98 liters. From.) 1.6 MT 8 cl (Euro-4) (81 liters. From.)Refresh
VAZ (Lada) 2114 1st generation 1.5 MT (77 HP)
- Minimum trunk volume 427 l
- Trunk volume maximum 427 l
- Trunk volume minimum 300 l
- Trunk volume maximum 632 l
- Trunk volume minimum 300 l
- Trunk volume maximum 632 l
- Trunk volume minimum 300 l
- Trunk volume maximum 632 l
wikidrive.ru
Trunk volume VAZ-2114: dimensions and exact parameters
VAZ-2114 is a car that replaced the discontinued "nine" and immediately gained popularity and became in demand. Compared to its predecessor, this car model has several differences. The differences affected not only the outer parts of the body, but also the interior. In particular, the VAZ-2114 has a large trunk volume. Door sills, side moldings, a spoiler with a brake light - all this gives the car a modern look.
External changes affected the performance of the machine. In particular, this model has excellent aerodynamic properties. It is stable on the road, even when driving at high speeds. The combination of body colors and attachments gives this car the look of a foreign car.
Due to its appearance, this car has aroused increased interest among people who are engaged in tuning. With relatively low financial costs from such a car, you can easily make an original car that stands out from the total mass, thereby emphasizing the individuality and sense of style of its owner.
Trunk
Due to the possibility at which the rear seat can be folded, this car can be easily transformed into a utility vehicle. For this car model, the trunk volume is:
- 330 dm3 with the seats unfolded;
- 600 dm3 with the rear seats folded down.
See also: How to sheathe a VAZ-2114 door
The volume in liters is the same as in cubes (cubic decimeters).
Such a spaciousness of the machine makes it possible to transport even oversized cargo in it, which is especially important for those who are often faced with the need to deliver any goods or cargo for another purpose to the place of unloading. With the seats folded down, the volume of the trunk increases by almost 2 times.
In addition, if you need to transport a large amount of cargo, or, for example, you go on a trip with the whole family, you do not have to be limited to 330 liters of space to arrange things. Various mounts and mounts for this car model are available for sale, which allow you to carry much more things than will fit in the luggage compartment.
For example, you can install a roof rack. Various options for such mounts are available for sale:
- Autoboxes.
- Mounts for sports equipment.
- Baskets.
- Expedition roof racks.
Thus, you will be able to make your car even more spacious and free up space for passengers.
Button control
It is very convenient when control (opening the trunk) is carried out with a button. Every car owner knows that it is very important to ensure that the trunk, like the car doors, is securely closed. The reliable operation of the trunk locks is just as important as the reliability of the lock in the garage or apartment door. All modern car models are equipped with a trunk opening mechanism using a control panel or a special button. Installing a mechanism with a button not only makes operation more convenient, but also solves a number of problems. In particular, this solves the problem of icing of the lock, which is opened with a key.
See also: Why the VAZ-2114 speedometer does not work and what to do
The installation of such a mechanism can be entrusted to a specialist. But some car owners prefer to do this job on their own. To do this, you need a steel cable, a roller, a connection button, a trunk drive electromagnet and wires. The roller is installed on the wiper gear housing. If the roller is open, you can use a braided cable. The easiest way to connect is to the cigarette lighter. Other options require appropriate knowledge of wiring.
There is a special offer on our website. You can get a free consultation of our corporate lawyer by simply asking your question in the form below.
ladaautos.ru
We specify the dimensions of the VAZ 2114 | VAZremont.com
Vaz 2114, produced in an experimental batch of fifty copies in 2001, was put on the assembly line and became available to the ordinary motorist in 2003. It was created on the basis of the old VAZ 2109, compared with it, the fourteenth model received a radical update.
The design has become more modern and pleasant, the bumpers are painted in body color, moldings and sill fairings have appeared. The interior trim, the adjustable steering column, the euro dashboard, the steering wheel from the VAZ 2110 and the new heating system have also changed.
But the most important thing is the engines. Starting with the VAZ 2114, the carburetor inlet went down in history, it was finally replaced by an injector with multipoint fuel injection. This made it possible to achieve greater efficiency and at the same time improve dynamic characteristics.
Also on the car there are many additional options that were previously unavailable. Such as: tinted windows, power windows, heated seats, fog lights, alloy wheels and central locking.
The VAZ 2114 was produced in two trim levels:
- Suite.
- Standard.
The luxury version from the factory was preinstalled with fog lights, wheel covers, head restraints for rear passengers, modified upholstery on the doors and door trims. The main advantage of the top configuration was a trip computer, which could record fuel consumption, average speed, travel time and other interesting parameters.
In 2007, the VAZ 2114 model received a restyling, a new engine and an index of 21144. With this internal combustion engine, the car began to comply with the EURO-3 environmental class. A plastic decorative cover appeared, the aluminum receiver was replaced with a plastic one, and the catalyst was moved closer to the engine. In addition, there have been minor changes inside the car.
The torpedo was updated, the upper glove compartment disappeared, an on-board computer was integrated into the instrument panel, showing the voltage in the on-board network, outside temperature, time, and the like.
Characteristics of the VAZ 2114
From the factory, the following operational characteristics are declared for the VAZ 2114 car:
- number of seats: 5;
- recommended fuel: AI-95;
- maximum speed: 165 kilometers per hour;
- fuel consumption: 8.9 liters per 100 km in the city;
- acceleration time to 100 kilometers per hour: 13 seconds;
- gas tank volume: 43 l;
- iCE location: front, transverse;
- weight: 970 kilograms;
- fuel system: multipoint injection;
- trunk volume: 427 liters;
- drive: Front.
Body type | hatchback |
Number of doors | 5 |
Places | 5 |
Trunk volume, dm3 | 330/600 |
Overall dimensions, mm: | |
length | 4122 |
width | 1650 |
height | 1402 |
own weight, kg | 970 | 425 |
Wheelbase, mm | 2460 |
Front wheel track | 1400 |
Rear wheel track | 1370 |
Driving wheels | front |
Ground clearance to the bottom | 170 |
Clearance to the clutch housing | 160 |
VAZ 2114 engine | 2111 |
working volume, cubic cm | 1499 |
number of valves | 8 |
Max power, kW (at rpm) | 57,2 (5400) |
Max power, h.p. | 77,8 |
Max torque, Nm (at rpm) | 115,7 (3000) |
supply system | distribution injection |
immobilizer | + |
adsorber, neutralizer | - |
KP | |
Number of gear stages | 5 |
Gear ratios: | |
I | 3,636 |
II | 1,95 |
III | 1,357 |
IV | 0,941 |
V | 0,784 |
reverse | 3,53 |
Final drive ratio | 3,7 |
Maximum speed, km / h | 158 |
acceleration to 100 km / h, s | 13,2 |
Fuel consumption, l / 100 km: | |
fuel consumption at 90 km / h | 5,7 |
fuel consumption at 120 km / h | 7,8 |
urban fuel consumption | 8,9 |
Fuel tank capacity, l | 43 |
Front brakes | disk |
Rear brakes | drum |
Braking distance laden from 80km / h | 38 |
Parking brake actuator | cable |
Clutch drive | cable |
Front suspension | mcPherson |
Rear suspension | longitudinal growl. |
Steering | rack and pinion |
Smallest turning radius | 5,2 |
Maximum lift without acceleration | 34 |
Tires VAZ 2114 | 165 / 70R13 175 / 70R13 |
Steering wheel | 2110 |
Dashboard | 2114 |
Instrument cluster | 2115 |
Rugs | ragged |
Heated rear window | + |
Power windows in front. dv. | + |
Electric locking of door locks | + |
Cooling fan | electric |
Onboard control system | + |
On-board computer | - |
Bumpers | original |
Headlight cleaner | - |
Individual lighting plafond | + |
Fog lights | + |
Outside mirrors | left and right |
Anti-glare mirrors | - |
Power Mirrors * | - |
Heated front seats | +** |
Seat upholstery | tweed with pocket. |
Seat padding from grows. fiber | + |
Headliner | solid-formed |
Door trim | solid-formed |
Trunk upholstery | + |
Sun visor with mirror | - |
Rear seat headrests | + |
Trunk mat, plastic | - |
Per. safety belts with alarm | - |
Door moldings | + |
Fairing sills | + |
Wheel caps | + |
Trunk spoiler with brake light | + |
Tinted glass | - |
Metallic paint | + |
Noise level in the cabin of the VAZ 2114 | |
at a speed of 100 km / h, dB / A | 74 |
Toxicity standards | R 83 |
Due to its technical characteristics and appearance, the VAZ 2114 car has gained great popularity among people of different ages. The adults appreciated the large trunk, the folding seats and the low fuel consumption. And young people bought it for good dynamics and more modern design, both external and internal.
The dimensions of the VAZ 2114 correspond to the international class B.
In dry numbers, they look like this:
- Machine length: 4100 mm.
- Machine height: 1415 mm.
- Machine width: 1620 mm.
- Base: 2460 mm.
- Ground clearance: 165 mm.
- Back track: 1370 mm.
Models with the index 211440-24, produced in 2007, and 211440-26, which appeared on conveyors in 2010, had slightly changed sizes 2114:
- Machine length: 4122 mm.
- Machine height: 1402 mm.
- Machine width: 1650 mm.
The differences were due to restyling of bumpers, rear-view mirrors, as well as minor adjustments to the car's suspension.
Some people want to increase the clearance of the VAZ 2114, then the car will get more cross-country ability and it will be easier to overcome city obstacles. But an increase in ground clearance has a negative effect on the location of the center of mass of the car; in corners it will become more roll and generally lose controllability. Everyone chooses what is more important to him.
vazremont.com
Vaz 2114, 2115, 2113 specifications
VAZ 2114 - The most popular domestic car. The fourteenth replaced the VAZ 2109. Changes were made to both the exterior of the body and the interior.
Sports style VAZ 2114
The sporty appearance is achieved by the moldings installed on the body along all the sides of the car, a spoiler and decorative sills.
The car has good technical characteristics, holds the track well, enters corners well even at high speed compared to the classic model, and even with its predecessor 2109.
VAZ 2114 is in good demand among fans of domestic tuning. A simple body structure and relatively cheap maintenance makes it possible to experiment and become individual in the gray stream of cars.
A conventional 4-cylinder 8-valve engine will surprise no one, so you should not expect any special characteristics. Front-wheel drive, standard gearbox, drum and disc brakes. The differences between the hatchback and sedans are in the volume of the trunk, which increases with the rear seat backs folded. The body shape in our case does not affect the dynamics. It makes no sense to compare the performance of the VAZ 2114 with the classics - aerodynamics due to smoother and more modern body lines makes the car easier to drive. Well, the rest of the VAZ 2114 is an ordinary Russian car, which is popular with many residents of the country and is desirable in every family. Most of the copies are injector, since 2011 an electronic gas pedal has been installed - e-gas
Engine | 1.5, 8 cl (Euro-2) 1.6 l, 8 cl. (Euro-3), 1.6 16kl (Super-Auto) more about engines |
Length mm | |
Width, mm | |
Height, mm | |
Base, mm | |
Front wheel track, mm | |
Rear wheel track, mm | |
Luggage compartment volume, dm3 | |
Curb weight, kg | |
Gross vehicle weight, kg | |
Permissible total mass of the towed trailer with brakes, kg | |
Permissible total mass of the towed trailer without brakes, kg | |
Wheel formula / driving wheels | 4x2 / front |
Vehicle layout | front-wheel drive, engine location front, transverse |
Body type / number of doors | hatchback / 4 |
engine's type | gasoline, four-stroke |
Supply system | Electronic multi-point injection |
Number and arrangement of cylinders | |
Engine displacement, cm3 | |
Maximum power, kW / rpm | |
Maximum torque, Nm at rpm | |
Fuel | unleaded gasoline AI-92 (min) |
Fuel consumption by driving cycle, l / 100 km | 7.6 (in more detail) |
Maximum speed, km / h | |
Transmission | Manual control |
Number of gears | 5 forward, 1 back |
Gear ratio of the main pair | |
Steering | trauma-safe, rack-and-pinion type, without amplifier |
Tires | 175 / 70R13-80 (T, N) 165 / 70R13-79 (S, T) |
Fuel tank capacity |
Dynamic characteristics
Acceleration to 100 km / h - 14.0 s (1.5 8kl), 13.6 s (1.6 8kl), 11 s (1.6 16kl)
Maximum speed -158 km / h (8kl), 185 -190 (16kl)
Home page
vaz-2114-lada.ru
Specifications VAZ 2114 | Vaz
The hatchback VAZ 2114 replaced the "nine" in the CIS market, which is so beloved by consumers. Modernization, of course, took place at the highest level - the car received new bumpers and moldings, and a hood of a new shape and geometry, and new headlights, and a radiator grill, and a salon interior.
Spoiler with brake lights, door sills, moldings along the sides gave the vehicle the sportiness it needed so much. In addition, due to the external elements, the VAZ 2114 significantly improved aerodynamic characteristics, and, as a result, controllability on the track when the car is running at high speed.
As in some foreign-made cars, part of the VAZ 2114 series was designed in a Western style - all attachment parts were painted black. Another part of the series, in turn, supported the fans of calmer decisions by painting all the elements in a single color. However, the shape and features of the exterior of this car are so convenient for creating truly exclusive specimens through tuning, thanks to which the VAZ 2114 became actually the first domestic car that attracted fans of the external individualization of the vehicle.
Engine characteristics
For the VAZ 2114, 1.6-liter engines were used, using direct fuel injection technology, or, in other words, injection. For this model, no new modifications of the power unit were developed, therefore, similar engines can be found on other VAZ models.
Car transmission
As in other VAZ models, a mechanical gearbox was used in the VAZ 2114. Manual control is still a kind of "trademark" of the Volga Automobile Plant and other enterprises that assemble cars developed by VAZ. Manual transmissions are more reliable, durable and simply convenient.
Braking system and power steering
Tire size
The dimensions of the VAZ 2114 do not fundamentally differ from other cars of the series, and to a large extent - for a reason, the root of which lies in the period of development of the "one". Its name is the maximum interchangeability of elements, which requires manufacturers to keep the basic structure of the car practically unchanged.
Dynamics
Fuel consumption
videovaz.ru
Body | |
Width | 1620 mm |
Length | 4100 mm |
Height | 1415 mm |
Wheelbase | 2460 mm |
Front track | 1400 mm |
Minimum trunk volume | 427 l |
Ground clearance | 165 mm |
Maximum trunk volume | 427 l |
Back track | 1370 mm |
Curb weight | 970 kg |
Number of seats | 5 |
Engine | |
Number of valves per cylinder | 2 |
Arrangement of cylinders | Inline |
Cylinder diameter | 82 mm |
Piston stroke | 75 mm |
Number of cylinders | 4 |
engine's type | Petrol |
Intake type | Injector |
Maximum torque | 120 N * m |
Maximum power turns | up to 4 800 rpm |
Engine power | 77 h.p. |
Engine capacity | 1499 cm3 |
Maximum torque turns | 2700 rpm |
Transmission and control | |
Number of gears | 5 |
Gearbox type | Mechanics |
Drive unit | Front |
Turning diameter | 10.4 m |
Performance indicators | |
Maximum speed | 158 km / h |
Acceleration to 100 km / h | 13.2 sec |
Fuel consumption in the city per 100 km | 8.9 l |
Fuel consumption on the highway per 100 km | 5.7 l |
Combined fuel consumption per 100 km | 7.6 l |
Fuel tank volume | 43 l |
Power reserve | from 480 to 750 km |
Fuel grade | AI-92 |
Suspension and brakes | |
Front brakes | Disk |
Rear brakes | Drum |
Rear suspension | On trailing arms |
Front suspension | Shock absorber |
wikidrive.ru
The hatchback VAZ 2114 replaced the "nine" in the CIS market, which is so beloved by consumers. Modernization, of course, took place at the highest level - the car received new bumpers and moldings, and a hood of a new shape and geometry, and new headlights, and a radiator grill, and a salon interior.
Spoiler with brake lights, door sills, moldings along the sides gave the vehicle the sportiness it needed so much. In addition, due to the external elements, the VAZ 2114 significantly improved aerodynamic characteristics, and, as a result, controllability on the track when the car is running at high speed.
As in some foreign-made cars, part of the VAZ 2114 series was designed in a Western style - all attachment parts were painted black. Another part of the series, in turn, supported the fans of calmer decisions by painting all the elements in a single color. However, the shape and features of the exterior of this car are so convenient for creating truly exclusive specimens through tuning, thanks to which the VAZ 2114 became actually the first domestic car that attracted fans of the external individualization of the vehicle.
Engine characteristics
For the VAZ 2114, 1.6-liter engines were used, using direct fuel injection technology, or, in other words, injection. For this model, no new modifications of the power unit were developed, therefore, similar engines can be found on other VAZ models.
Car transmission
As in other VAZ models, a mechanical gearbox was used in the VAZ 2114. Manual control is still a kind of "trademark" of the Volga Automobile Plant and other enterprises that assemble cars developed by VAZ. Manual transmissions are more reliable, durable and simply convenient.
Braking system and power steering
Tire size
Dimensions
The dimensions of the VAZ 2114 do not fundamentally differ from other cars of the series, and to a large extent - for a reason, the root of which lies in the period of development of the "one". Its name is the maximum interchangeability of elements, which requires manufacturers to keep the basic structure of the car practically unchanged.
Dynamics
Fuel consumption