MEASURES OF ROLLING STOCK USE

The sixth group is represented by indicators of measuring the level of use of rolling stock,which are also called gauges of the rolling stock.

Each type of transport uses its own "rolling stock", which differs from the rolling stock of any other type of transport. ATin this connection, the quality of its use is determined by a different set of meters. Some gauges can be the same for several types of transport, others are used only in any one type. ATat the same time, they all characterize either load

for rolling stock,or the quality of its use in time,or the productivity of a unit of rolling stock. ATas a unit of rolling stock on railway transport, a wagon is taken, on water transport modes - a ton of carrying capacity (ton of tonnage), on a road - ton of carrying capacity, passenger seat, car (bus), by air - tonne of tonnage, aircraft (helicopter).

Indicators rolling stock loads are specific values \u200b\u200bequal to the weight of the cargo per unit of the rolling stock in which this cargo is placed. The load can be static, i.e. be determined on the spot at the end of the loading of the rolling stock, and dynamic, when the distance traveled by the rolling stock (with load or total) is also taken into account. The characteristics and methods of determining load indicators for different modes of transport are presented on sheets 5.7-5.9.

Railway transport:

p? 6 tons loaded

ХК П number of cars

prab \u003d IC / nt _ t-km net

• 9 1l / total wagon-km total

r Gr _ 2C / NT _ t-km net

9 W / wagon-km loaded

Automobile transport

Vehicle load capacity utilization rate:

Tons of cargo

10 tons of carrying capacity

Sea transport:

1. The coefficient of using the carrying capacity (in the terminology of seafarers - the coefficient of loading):

6 lbt cargo

m D h net carrying capacity, t

sixteen/,. ton-miles

1D H / m tonnage or loaded

IWT (internal water transport):

1) coefficient of utilization of carrying capacity:

6 lbt cargo

Q p tonnes of carrying capacity '

p _ W t-km

g S / tonnage-km loaded

In addition, on sea and river transport - the load on the mileage (in the terminology of seafarers - the coefficient of using the carrying capacity]:

• ? 1 Щ,
• - hell, x / "u

TON MILES

tonnage or total 't-km

tonnage km total

Air Transport

Utilization factor of commercial aircraft payload:

! _ 2 ^ /) pr _ reduced t-km (actual or planned) to NO /) ™ * reduced t-km (maximum possible)

Rolling stock operating time metersrepresent the ratio of the time or distance traveled by a unit of rolling stock with a load or unladen to the total time or distance; thus, the share of useful (productive) work of the rolling stock is estimated (see. sheets 5.10 and 5.11).

By rail

Empty car mileage ratio:

L / pore _ wagon-km empty N? / Total wagon-km total

By car

Mileage utilization rate:

mileage with load mileage total

NaVVT

Travel time coefficient with load:

tonnage-days loaded tonnage-days in operation

By sea transport1) coefficient of ballast run:

mileage of the vessel in ballast, miles. total mileage, miles

2) travel time ratio:

^ _ C x _ running time per trip. х Г р total flight time

By air

Average flight hours per plane (helicopter):

^ _ 1and / _ total flight hours

1l list of average listed aircraft fleet

Rolling stock unit performance meteris a complex indicator. To determine it, you need to know the freight turnover, passenger turnover, reduced freight turnover (for air transport), total car-days, car-days, tonnage-days and aircraft-hours, as well as net and gross ton-kilometers, car-kilometers and locomotive -kilometers by rail, average daily mileage and vehicle use intensity factor (the latter is defined as the product of three factors: vehicle fleet utilization factor, mileage utilization factor and vehicle load capacity utilization factor) - see sheets 5.12-5.14,

Railway transport

Performance of a wagon-day of a working fleet of freight wagons:

tonne-km net

1lb ^ 6 working wagon-days (freight) "

The productivity of a locomotive-day of the working fleet of locomotives of freight trains

S / y „gross ton-km

W? pa6 locomotive-day workers

Carriage productivity of the working fleet of passenger cars:

I Р1 passenger-km

working wagon-days (passenger)

Automobile transport

Vehicle performance over time period C:

and / \u003d o x / x t x t-km in time C,

where p n is the rated carrying capacity of the vehicle, t;

/ - average daily mileage of the car, km:

I _ automobiles per time B ss car days in time? ’

t - vehicle use intensity factor,

t \u003d a x p a x y a,

where a is the utilization rate of the vehicle fleet, i.e.

auto days on line

and= -^- :

shared auto days

p a - coefficient of use of mileage,

y i is the coefficient of using the carrying capacity of the car, i.e.

tons of cargo

10 tons of carrying capacity

Sea transport

p M _ W _ tonn-miles

shaft Yu Ch G E tonnages gross

Gross productivity of 1 ton of tonnage:

pp _ ^1 _ tonne-km

shaft YUG E gross tonnages

Air TransportAirplane (helicopter) performance:

II _ YC, _ given t-km EI / H flight hours

Questions for assimilating the material of the fifth chapter

• 1. Describe the structure of indicators for measuring transport performance.
• 2. What indicators are used to measure transportation and handling

3. What indicators are used to characterize the material and technical

base and operational work of transport?

4. List the indicators characterizing the level of economic efficiency

nosti and the financial result of transport.

5. What economic indicators characterize the work of courts for the foreign

shitty transportation?

6. What are the names of the gauges of the use of the rolling stock of transport,

characterizing: load per unit of rolling stock; the use of rolling stock in time; the productivity of a rolling stock unit?

Question group: 1.

Question text:"Which rolling stock units indicate the tare weight?"

Answer options:

1. "at all".

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

2. "on wagons".

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

3. “at all, except for locomotives and SSPS”.

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 7.

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_15_V-1"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"What kind of braking devices should be equipped with passenger cars and locomotives?"

Answer options:

1. "Automatic brakes".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

2. "Pneumatic automatic brakes".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

3. "Automatic and electro-pneumatic brakes".

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5, clause 15.

Issue title: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-1"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"Height of the coupler axle above the level of the rail heads for locomotives, passenger (without passengers) and empty freight cars?"

Answer options:

1. "Not more than 1000 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

2. "Not more than 1100 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

3. "Not more than 1080 mm".

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-2"

Question group: 1.

Question text: "Height of the coupler axle above the level of the rail heads for locomotives and passenger cars with people?"

Answer options:

1. "Not less than 980 mm".

Signs of a response option: right.

2. "Not less than 960 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

3. "Not less than 950 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-3"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"Height of the coupler axle above the level of the rail heads for loaded freight cars?"

Answer options:

1. "Not less than 960 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

2. "Not less than 940 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

3. "Not less than 950 mm".

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-4"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"Height of the coupler axle above the level of the railheads at the SSPS: empty / laden?"

Answer options:

1. "Not more than 1100 mm / not less than 960 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

2. "Not more than 1000 mm / not less than 950 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

3. "Not more than 1080 mm / not less than 980 mm".

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-5"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"Difference in height between the longitudinal axes of automatic couplers in a freight train (no more)?"

Answer options:

1. "110 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

2. "100 mm".

Signs of a response option: right.

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-6"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"The difference in height between the longitudinal axes of the automatic couplers between the locomotive and the first loaded carriage of the freight train (no more)?"

Answer options:

1. "120 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

2. "100 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

3. "110 mm".

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Issue name: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-7"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"The difference in height between the longitudinal axes of automatic couplings in a passenger train traveling at a speed of up to 120 km / h (no more)?"

Answer options:

1. "100 mm".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

Signs of a response option: right.

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Issue name: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-8"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"The difference in height between the longitudinal axes of automatic couplings in a passenger train traveling at a speed of 121 - 140 km / h (no more)?"

Answer options:

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_19_V-9"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"Difference in height between the longitudinal axes of automatic couplings between the locomotive and the first carriage of the passenger train (no more)?"

Answer options:

1. "100 mm".

Signs of a response option: right.

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 19.

Any vehicle can have both one unit of technology and a set, that is, the vehicle is either single or has links. In simple words, a rolling stock is a vehicle that transports people, goods or special equipment.

Below will be presented detailed examples with explanations of what this phrase means, how the equipment is serviced. The topic will be useful for adults and children.

What is rolling stock

Rolling stock means rail and road transport:

• trains;
• trucks;
• buses.

But officially, the term is still more used on the railway, on the subway and in tram depots.

What is it? Each vehicle has a place where it is necessary to control starting, acceleration, braking, and turns. As a rule, this is a cabin. It is available on a bus, wagon, locomotive, tractor. Most often, trains and freight transport have several components: a train has a locomotive and wagons, a truck has a cabin, trailers, vans, and so on.

Let's take a closer look at the railway rolling stock, since it is one of the most demanded, and the terminology belongs more to it.

The main parts of the rolling stock

Any vehicle has wheels in pairs from four units. The number of pairs of wheels may increase depending on the length of the vehicle. Also, at least one pair of wheels must be equipped with an engine, or a gearbox that transfers torque from the engine to the wheel. The heavier the vehicle, the more engines it can have. In trains, the composition is slightly different from cars, because the locomotive is driven by two, four or more carriages.

Any rolling stock is an interconnected piece of equipment. This process is carried out by an automatic coupler mechanism, which is located at the ends of cars and locomotives.

What is the rolling stock

Railway transport is divided into several types according to purpose and area of \u200b\u200boperation:

• suburban electric trains;
• long distance travel;
• freight trains;
• special equipment;
• household trains;
• subway;
• tram.

As you can see, rolling stock is a large type of transport.

Although individual units that are not currently coupled with other units of technology, for example, a diesel locomotive, an electric locomotive or a railcar are also them.

How it is served

Every carriage, locomotive and other transport equipment is serviced on time. It is a set of measures for the maintenance of rolling stock. This event helps to timely notice and eliminate malfunctions that are revealed by external examination with special tools and devices.

For example, blowing out equipment, wiping the windows of the driver's cab, tapping bogies, wheel pairs, automatic couplings in order to identify defects (cracks). And also the temperature is measured on all elements and equipment that are exposed to strong heating.

As a rule, maintenance (MOT) is carried out once every 1-2 days when the train enters the depot or while it is parked at the station.

How is the repair of wagons, locomotives carried out

Less frequent maintenance is carried out on rolling stock (electric trains, carriages and locomotives). Previously, there were several types of repairs (current repairs of TR-1, TR-2, TR-3, overhaul of KR-1 and KR-2, medium repairs). The numbers indicate the amount of work performed. TR-1 was the simplest type, and the overhaul of the KR-2 was the most voluminous and difficult. Currently, they have made it easier - DR (depot repair) and ZR (factory repair). It is worth noting that there are two more types of repairs that are unscheduled: wheelset turning and accidental repair (if the malfunction occurred suddenly).

What exactly is the technician doing on the rolling stock? Usually, the moving unit is placed on a repair stall with a jack, a crane. A locksmith under the guidance of a foreman or an engineer must raise the body of a locomotive or carriage so that it is possible to roll out the bogie, under which the wheelsets are located.

During the repair, all the necessary equipment is removed, various devices, wires and mechanical assemblies, as well as the pneumatic system are checked for defects.

Overhaul also includes body painting, installation of various equipment. Upon completion of all work, a special commission checks the condition of the equipment. If everything is in order, the car / locomotive is sent for running-in to carry out diagnostics on the way.

Who runs

Rolling stock - a vehicle that is driven by at least one person, that is, a driver. If in two faces, then we are talking about the driver and his assistant, who monitors traffic signals, the situation outside the locomotive (cabin).

It is the driver who carries out the movement of trains, is responsible for the safety of goods (in freight traffic) and passengers (in passenger traffic).

Rail transport is not the only example of rolling stock. In conclusion, it is worth considering interesting information that tells how it originated. The fact is that back in the 17-18th centuries, people began to invent vehicles capable of transporting more people and goods. The first railway was created, which was completely wooden. Horses with small carriages were allowed along it. Then the horses were replaced by steam locomotives. This is how the rolling stock, which exists to the present time, was born.

Question group: 1

Question text:"On what units of rolling stock should the carrying capacity be indicated?"

Answer options:

1. "On freight wagons and SSPS".

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

2. “On covered and open wagons”.

Signs of a response option: wrong, critical.

3. "On freight, mail and baggage cars."

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 7.

"On freight, postal and baggage wagons, the carrying capacity must be marked"

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_7_V212"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"On which rolling stock units should the design speed be indicated?"

Answer options:

1. "On locomotives and SSPS".

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

2. "On the locomotives."

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

3. "On locomotives, motor-car rolling stock and SSPS".

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 7.

Comments on incorrect answers: "On locomotives, motor-carriage railway rolling stock and special self-propelled rolling stock, the design speed, series and side number, name of the place of registration, plates and inscriptions on the survey of tanks, control devices and a boiler must be marked"

Name of the issue: "PTE_Pril No. 5_7_V213"

Question group: 1.

Question text:"Which rolling stock units indicate the tare weight?"

Answer options:

1. "at all".

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

2. "on wagons".

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

3. “at all, except for locomotives and SSPS”.

Signs of a response option: right.

Bottleneck: PTE Appendix No. 5 clause 7.

Comments on incorrect answers: "Tare weight must be indicated on each unit of railway rolling stock"

Name of the issue: "PTE_pril5_9_V214"

Question group: "1"

Question text: "What is not included in the list of equipment for locomotives and motor-car rolling stock? "

Picture to the text of the question:

Answer options:

1. "means of train radio communication"

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

2. "speakerphone"

Signs of a response option: right.

3. "speed meters with registration of established indications"

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

4. "locomotive devices of automatic locomotive signaling"

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

5. "safety devices"

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

Bottleneck: "PTE Chapter Appendix 5. paragraph 9 "

Wrong answer commentary: "The list of equipment for locomotives and motor-car rolling stock does not include a speakerphone"

PTE Appendix No. 6. Organization of train traffic on railway transport

Name of the question: "PTE_pril6_1_V215"

Question group: "1"

Question text: "What is the basis for organizing train traffic within the same infrastructure?"

Answer options:

1. "Consolidated train schedule"

Signs of a response option: right.

2. "Instructions for the movement of trains"

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

3. "Instructions for signaling"

Signs of a response option: wrong, uncritical.

Bottleneck: "PTE Appendix 6. paragraph 1"