STATE BUDGETARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE MOSCOW REGION "RAMENSKY ROAD-BUILDING TECHNICUM"

Final examination work

by profession: Master in maintenance and repair of cars

student group: 18

FULL NAME:

Topic: Device, diagnostics, maintenance and repair of the power supply system of the GAZ, ZIL carburetor engine.

2017 year

1. Introduction

2. The device and principle of operation of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

6. Repair of the power system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

1. Introduction

By cross-country ability, cars are divided into three groups: normal (road), high and high cross-country ability. The first of them (ZIL-130) are used mainly on the roads. Off-road vehicles - GAZ-66 and ZIL-131 - can move on roads and off-road areas.

An engine is a machine in which one or another type of energy is converted into mechanical work. Motors, in which thermal energy is converted into mechanical work, are thermal.

Thermal energy is obtained by burning any fuel. An engine in which fuel is burned directly inside the cylinder and the energy of the resulting gases is absorbed by a piston moving in the cylinder is called a piston internal combustion engine. These engines are mainly used in modern cars.

Consider the ZIL-130 engine:

The engine consists of a mechanism and systems that ensure its operation:

Crank mechanism,

Gas distribution mechanism,

Cooling system,

Lubrication system,

Supply system.

In this paper, the power supply system of the ZIL carburetor engine is considered.

Appointment

All gasoline-fueled engines have essentially the same power system and run on a combustible mixture of fuel vapor and air. The power system includes devices for storing, cleaning and supplying fuel, air purification devices and a device for preparing a combustible mixture from fuel vapors and air.

The power supply system of carburetor engines consists of a fuel tank, a sump, a fuel pump, a carburetor, an air cleaner and an intake manifold.

The preparation of the required combustible mixture of fuel and air takes place in a carburetor mounted on top of the engine on the intake manifold. The air supplied to the carburetor for preparing the combustible mixture is cleaned from dust in an air filter located directly on the carburetor or on the side of the engine. In this case, the air filter is connected to the carburetor with a pipe.

All fuel delivery devices are interconnected by metal pipes - fuel lines, which are attached to the frame or body of the car, and at the transition from the frame or body to the engine - by hoses made of special grades of gasoline-resistant rubber.

The carburetor is connected to the intake ports of the engine cylinder head by means of an intake pipe, and the exhaust ports are connected to the exhaust pipe, the latter being connected to the exhaust silencer by means of a pipe.

The K-88AM carburetor of the ZIL-130 engine has two mixing chambers, each of which serves four cylinders. When the engine is running at medium loads, fuel from the float chamber enters through the main jets, and then through the full power jets into the emulsion channels. In these channels, air is mixed with the fuel from the air jets and jets of the idle system. The resulting emulsion enters the mixing chambers through the annular slots of the small diffusers. Maintaining a constant composition of the lean mixture occurs due to the braking of the fuel with air.

2.The device and principle of operation of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL.

2.1. The device and principle of operation of the power supply system GAZ, ZIL

The power system of the carburetor engine (Fig. 47) consists of a fuel tank 10, a fuel sump filter 12, a fuel pump 1, a fine fuel filter 4, a carburetor 3, an air filter 2, an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe 15, a gas outlet pipe 14 with a silencer noise emission of exhaust gases 13, connecting pipelines and gas-resistant hoses 8, fuel intake valve 11; fuel level indicator in the fuel tank 9, throttle pedal 7, buttons for air control 5 and 6 throttle valves of the carburetor.

Fig. 47. The power supply system of the carburetor engine.

When the engine is running, fuel from the fuel tank is forcibly fed into the carburetor float chamber by means of a fuel pump, having previously been cleaned in a sediment filter and a fine filter. At the same time, air is supplied to the carburetor, previously cleaned in the air filter. In the carburetor, fuel is mixed with air in a given proportion and a combustible mixture is formed, which flows through the intake pipe into the engine cylinders, where it is compressed, ignited and burned, releasing thermal energy, which is converted into mechanical energy by means of mechanisms and systems and is transmitted to wheels of the car, driving it. The exhaust gases are discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipeline.

2.2. The device and purpose of the power supply system GAZ, ZIL

Power system devices. All gasoline engines have essentially the same power system and run on a combustible mixture consisting of fuel vapor and air. The power system includes devices for storing, cleaning and supplying fuel, air purification devices and a device for preparing a combustible mixture from fuel vapors and air.

The fuel is placed in a fuel tank, the capacity of which is sufficient to operate the vehicle during one shift. The fuel tank of the truck is located on the side of the vehicle on the frame.

From the fuel tank, the fuel goes to the fuel filter-settling tanks, in which mechanical impurities and water are separated from the fuel. The sump filter is located on the frame near the fuel tank. Fuel is supplied from the tank through a fine filter to the carburetor by a fuel pump located on the crankcase "between the rows of cylinders on top of the engine.

The preparation of the required combustible mixture of fuel and air takes place in a carburetor mounted on top of the engine on the intake manifold. The air supplied to the carburetor for preparing the combustible mixture is cleaned from dust in an air filter located directly on the carburetor or on the side of the engine. In this case, the air filter is connected to the carburetor with a pipe.

All fuel delivery devices are interconnected by metal pipes - fuel lines, which are attached to the frame or body of the car, and at the transition from the frame or body to the engine - by hoses made of special grades of petrol-resistant rubber.

Carburetor connected to the intake channels of the engine cylinder head by means of an intake pipeline, and the exhaust channels are connected to the exhaust pipeline, the latter being connected to the exhaust silencer by means of a pipe.

To prevent the engine from operating at an excessively high crankshaft speed, a crankshaft speed limiter is included in the power supply system of trucks.

The K-88AM carburetor of the ZIL-130 engine has two mixing chambers, each of which serves four cylinders. When the engine is running at medium loads, the fuel from the float chamber enters through the main jets, and then through the jets of full power into the emulsion channels (Fig. 19). In these channels, air is mixed with the fuel from the air jets and jets of the idle system. The resulting emulsion enters the mixing chambers through the annular slots of the small diffusers. Maintaining a constant composition of the lean mixture occurs due to the braking of the fuel with air.

Fuel pump. On cars, the carburetor is located above the fuel tank and the fuel supply is forced. For forced supply of fuel from the tank to the carburetor, a diaphragm-type fuel pump is installed on the engine.

The pump (fig. 20) consists of three main parts! bodies, heads and covers. A double-arm lever with a return spring and a manual pumping lever are located on the axle in the housing. Between the casing and the pump head, a diaphragm is fixed, assembled on a rod with two discs. The two-armed lever acts on the stem through a textolite thrust washer. A pressure spring is installed under the diaphragm.

The pump head has two inlet and one outlet valves. The valves are equipped with a guide rod, rubber washer and spring. A strainer is located on top of the intake valves.

The diaphragm-type fuel pump is driven directly from the camshaft eccentric.

When the eccentric or rod runs on the outer end of the two-armed lever, its inner end, while moving, bends the diaphragm downward and a vacuum is created above it (see Fig. 20, a). Under the action of the created vacuum, the fuel from the tank flows through the pipeline to the pump inlet and passes through the mesh filter to the inlet valves, while the pump pressure spring is compressed. When the eccentric protrusion comes off the outer end of the two-armed lever, the diaphragm moves upward under the action of the pressure spring and pressure is created in the chamber above it. The fuel is displaced through the discharge valve into the exhaust channel and then through a tube into the carburetor's float chamber (see Fig. 20, b).

To reduce the pulsation of the fuel, there is an air chamber above the discharge valve. When the pump is running, pressure is created in this chamber, due to which fuel is supplied to the carburetor evenly. The capacity of the fuel pump is designed to operate at maximum fuel consumption, but in reality the amount of fuel supplied should be less than the capacity of the pump.

When the float chamber is full, the needle valve closes the hole in the seat and pressure is generated in the fuel line from the pump to the carburetor, which propagates into the cavity above the diaphragm. In this case, the pump diaphragm remains in the lower position, since the pressure spring cannot overcome the generated pressure, and the two-armed lever, under the action of the eccentric and the return spring, sways idle.

To fill the carburetor float chamber with fuel when the engine is not running, a manual priming lever located on the side of the pump housing is used. The lever has a roller with a sheared part and a return spring. In the released position, the roller cut is above the rocker arm and does not act on it. When moving the manual pumping lever, the roller presses the inner end of the two-armed lever with the edges of the cut part and moves the diaphragm down.

The manual inflation lever can be used when the eccentric has released the outer end of the two-armed lever.

Fuel filters and sedimentation tanks ... The fuel supplied to the carburetor jets should not have mechanical impurities and water, since impurities clog the nozzles openings, and water frozen in winter will cause the fuel supply to stop. To clean the fuel in the engine power supply system, the installation of filters and sedimentation tanks is provided. Mesh filters are installed in the filler neck of the fuel tanks, in the diaphragm pump housing and in the inlet fittings of the carburetor's float chamber.

On trucks, two additional filter-settling tanks are included in the power supply system. One of the coarse filter settling tanks is installed at the fuel tank. This filter (Fig. 21, a) consists of a cover and a removable housing. Inside the housing, on the racks, there is a filter element from a set of thin filter plates with stamped protrusions 0.05 mm high, therefore, a gap of 0.05 mm wide remains between the plates. Fuel from the tank enters through the inlet to the filter sump. Since the sump has a larger volume than the fuel line, the speed of the incoming fuel is sharply reduced, which leads to the precipitation of mechanical impurities and water.

The fuel, passing through the slots of the filter element, is additionally cleaned of mechanical impurities that settle on the filter element.

A fine fuel filter (Fig. 21, b) is installed in front of the carburetor. It consists of a body, a settling bowl, a filter element with a spring and a bowl clamp. The filter element can be made of ceramic or from a fine mesh, rolled up in the form of a roll.

The fuel supplied by the diaphragm pump enters the settling glass. Part of the mechanical impurities precipitates in the settling glass, and the rest of the impurities are retained on the surface of the filter element.

Coarse fuel filter it is installed at the fuel tank and is designed for preliminary cleaning of fuel entering the fuel by the booster pump. It consists of a body, a sump, a cover with inlet fittings, a mesh filter element, a drain plug and an air release plug from the system.

Fine fuel filter intended for cleaning fuel from small particles. It consists of two hoods, a cover and two filter elements. A drain plug is screwed into the bottom of each hood. Replaceable filter element made of paper. The filter cover has a drain valve through which part of the fuel is drained along with the air that has entered the low pressure system.

Air filter. The car is often operated in a dusty environment. Dust, getting into the engine cylinders together with air, causes accelerated wear of both the cylinders and piston rings. Purification of the air supplied for the preparation of the combustible mixture is carried out in the air filter.

On the ZIL-130 car, air filters of inertial oil type are used. The filter (fig. 22) consists of an oil bath body, a cover with a branch pipe, a filter element made of metal mesh or nylon fiber, a clamping screw with a wing nut.

The air, under the action of a vacuum created by a running engine, enters the inlet annular slot through the branch pipe and, moving down it, hits the oil, to which large dust particles adhere. With further movement, the air picks up the oil particles and wets the filter element with them. Oil dripping from the filter element washes away dust particles that have accumulated on the reflector. The air, passing through the filter element, is completely cleaned of mechanical impurities and enters the carburetor mixing chamber through the central pipe.

The filter is installed using a transition pipe directly on the carburetor and connected to the carburetor using an air pipe.

Fuel tank... A fuel tank is installed to store the fuel needed to operate the vehicle. It consists of two halves, stamped from sheet steel and welded together. Inside the tank, to increase rigidity and reduce fuel shock whenmoving it, partitions are installed. The tank has a filler neck with a plug, in which there are two valves, the action of which is similar to the action of the steam-air "valves of the radiator neck plug. The steam valve prevents the loss of fuel when it evaporates, and the air valve prevents the formation of vacuum in the tank when fuel is consumed.

The fuel tank of a diesel car is similar in structure to the fuel tank of a gasoline car, but there are no valves in the plug. To prevent underpressure in the tank when fuel is depleted, a tube is installed from it in the upper part, which communicates the inner cavity of the tank with the atmosphere.

A fuel level indicator sensor and a fitting with a tap and an intake tube are installed on top of the tank. The intake pipe ends with a mesh filter at the bottom. There is a drain hole at the bottom of the tank, closed by a screw plug.

The capacity of the car's fuel tank is as follows: ZIL-130-170 liters.

Inlet pipes ... The fuel mixture is supplied from the carburetor to the engine cylinders through the intake manifold.

The intake manifold of the ZIL-130 engine is cast from an aluminum alloy and fixed to the heads of the right and left rows of cylinders. The intake manifold has a complex system of channels through which the combustible mixture is supplied to the cylinders. There is a space between the inlet channels of the intake manifold, which communicates with the cooling cavity of the cylinder heads.

Gaskets are installed to seal the joints between the intake manifold and the cylinder heads.

Exhaust piping ... They serve to remove exhaust gases from the engine cylinders, are made separately and are attached to the outside of the cylinder heads.

To reduce the resistance to the passage of the combustible mixture and exhaust gases, the channels of the inlet and outlet pipelines are made shorter and with smooth transitions. Exhaust pipelines are sealed with metal-asbestos gaskets, and they are fixed on studs with nuts.

Heating the combustible mixture ... The process of preparing the combustible mixture does not end in the mixing chamber of the carburetor, but continues in the intake manifold and engine cylinders. The intake manifold is heated for better fuel vaporization while the engine is running. Heated intake manifold is especially necessary when operating a car in cold weather and at the time of starting its engine. However, excessive heating of the combustible mixture is undesirable, since in this case the volume of the mixture increases, and the weight filling of the cylinders decreases.

In the ZIL-130 engine, the combustible mixture is heated due to the heat given off by the circulating liquid in the cooling cavity of the intake manifold. When these engines are started at low temperatures, it is possible to heat the intake manifold by spilling hot water through the cooling system.

3. Diagnostics of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

Diagnostic signs of malfunctions in the power supply system are: difficulty in starting the engine, increased fuel consumption under load, a drop in engine power and overheating, changes in the composition and increased toxicity of exhaust gases.

Diagnostics of the power supply system of diesel and carburetor engines is carried out by the methods of running and bench tests.

When diagnosing by running tests determine the fuel consumption when the car is moving at a constant speed on a measured horizontal section of the road with low traffic intensity The movement is carried out in both directions.

The control fuel consumption is determined for trucks at a constant speed of 30-40 km / h and for cars - at a speed of 40-80 km / h. The amount of fuel consumed is measured by flow meters, which are used not only to diagnose the power supply system, but also to train drivers in economical driving.

Diagnostics of the vehicle's power supply system can be carried out simultaneously with testing the traction qualities of the vehicle on a test bench with running drums, significantly reducing time losses and eliminating the inconvenience of the road test method. To do this, the car is installed on the stand in such a way that the driving wheels rest on the running drums. Before measuring the fuel consumption, the engine and transmission of the car are pre-heated for 15 minutes. at a speed of 40 km / h in direct transmission and with full throttle opening, for which a load is created on the driving wheels with the load device of the stand. After that, for carburetor engines, the operation of the fuel pump is checked (if the stand with running drums is not equipped with a pressure gauge to control the operation of the fuel pump) with a model 527B device for the pressure it develops and the tightness of the valve of the carburetor float chamber. The pressure is measured at a low engine speed and with the shut-off valve open. The test results are compared with the data of the table placed on the lid of the device case, and, if necessary, the malfunctions are eliminated.

4. Maintenance of the power supply system of the GAZ, ZIL carburetor engine

Daily Maintenance (EO):

Clean the engine from dirt;

Check the condition of the engine by external inspection and listen to its operation in different modes;

Check the liquid level in the radiator;

-check for fluid and oil leaks;

Check the oil level before starting the engine;

Check the tightness of the fuel lines by visual inspection.

Maintenance No. 1 (TO-1):

Check the fastening of the engine mounts;

Check the tightness of the connection of the cylinder head, oil pan, crankshaft oil seal;

Rinse the air filter;

Lubricate the distributor breaker shaft.

Maintenance No. 2 (TO-2):

Tighten the cylinder head mounting hooks;

Check the clearance between the valve stems and the toe of the rocker arm;

Check the absence of fluid leakage in the entire cooling system;

Lubricate the water pump bearings;

Check the fastening of the radiator and the fittings;

Check the fastening of the water pump and the belt tension;

Check the action of the steam-air valve of the radiator plug;

Replace the filter elements;

By inspection, check the tightness of all devices of the lubrication system;

Drain sediment from the oil filter;

Change the oil in the engine crankcase;

Check the oil level in the crankcase;

Check the operation of the fuel pump using a pressure gauge;

Check the tightness of all connections in the power supply system;

Check the throttle actuator;

Rinse the air filter;

Check the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber;

Clean the surface of the ignition system devices from dust, dirt and oil;

Check spark plugs and distributor breaker

5. The main malfunctions of the power supply system of the GAZ, ZIL carburetor engine

Malfunction	Cause	Remedies
Lack of fuel supply	Clogged filters or fuel lines, faulty fuel pump or carburetor.	Clean or replace filters, fuel lines Replace or repair fuel pump / carburetor
Depletion of the combustible mixture	Decreased fuel supply or increased air intake	Increase fuel supply Restrict air intake
Rich combustible mixture	Incomplete opening of the air damper, increased fuel level in the float chamber, sticking of the float or fuel supply valve in the open position, enlarged orifice openings, clogging of the air nozzle, leakage of the float, fuel supply valves, economizer valves.	Check and correct / adjust the air damper. Reduce fuel supply. Customize the float; adjust the valve. Check tightness, seal.
Unstable engine performance	Violation adjusting the engine speed... Piston sticking, drive failure, non-return valve leaking, spray nozzle blockage, discharge valve sticking	Adjust the engine speed. Carry out the necessary maintenance operations on the engine.
Loss of engine power	Incomplete opening of the throttle valve when pressing the pedal all the way and clogged air filter	Adjust or replace the throttle valve. Clean the air filter.
Increased fuel consumption	Flow through leaks in the fuel-line connections or a damaged diaphragm of the fuel pump.	Check connections (tighten if necessary). Check the diaphragm (replace if necessary).

6. Repair of the power supply system of the carburetor engine GAZ, ZIL

7. Safety requirements. For maintenance and repair of cars

All work on the maintenance and repair of the car should be carried out at specially equipped posts.

When installing the car at a service station, brake it with the parking brake, turn off the ignition, turn on the lowest gear in the gearbox and place at least two stops under the wheels.

Before performing control and adjustment operations on an idle engine (checking the operation of the generator, adjusting the carburetor, relay regulator, etc.), you should check and fasten the cuffs of the sleeves, remove the hanging ends of the clothes, tuck the hair under the headdress, while you cannot work while sitting on wing or bumper of the machine.

On the steering wheel there is a sign “Do not let in - people are working”. When removing units and parts that require great physical effort, it is necessary to use devices (pullers). When working on cranking the engine crankshaft, it is necessary to additionally check that the ignition is switched off, and set the gear lever to neutral. When starting the engine manually, beware of kickbacks and use the correct techniques for gripping the starting handle (do not grip the handle, turn it upwards). When using the heater, special attention is paid to its serviceability, absence of gasoline leaks; a working heater must not be left unattended. The tap of the fuel tank of the heater opens only during its operation; for the summer period the fuel is drained from the tank.

Do not service the transmission while the engine is running. When servicing the transmission outside the inspection ditch or overpass, it is necessary to use sun loungers (bedding). When working on turning the cardan shafts, you must additionally make sure that the ignition is turned off, put the gear lever in neutral and release the parking brake. After completing the work, apply the parking brake again and engage a low gear in the transmission.

When removing and installing the springs, you must first unload them by raising the frame and installing it on the trestle. When removing the wheels, you should also put the car on a trestle, and place stops under the not removed wheels. It is prohibited to carry out any work on the vehicle, which is suspended only on some lifting mechanisms (jacks, hoists, etc.). Do not put wheel disks, bricks, stones and other foreign objects under the suspended vehicle.

The tools used in the maintenance and repair of the car must be in good working order. Hammers and files should have well-set wooden handles. Loosening and tightening of nuts should be done only with serviceable wrenches of appropriate sizes.

After completing all work, before starting the engine and starting the machine from a place, you need to make sure that all people involved in the work are at a safe distance, and that the equipment and tools are put in their places.

Inspection and testing on the move of steering and braking systems should be carried out on an equipped site. The presence of unauthorized persons during the check of the car on the move, as well as the placement of persons participating in the check on the steps, fenders is prohibited.

When working on inspection ditches and lifting devices, the following requirements should be observed:

when placing the machine on the inspection ditch (overpass), drive the machine at low speed and monitor the correct position of the wheels relative to the guide flanges of the inspection ditch; the machine placed on the inspection ditch or lifting device should be braked with the parking brake and wheel stops should be installed; it is possible to use portable lamps in the inspection ditch only with a voltage not higher than 12 V; do not smoke or light open flames under the machine; do not put the tool and parts on the frame, footboards and other places from where they can fall on workers; before leaving the ditch (overpass), make sure that there are no people, uncleaned tools or equipment under the machine; you should beware of poisoning from exhaust gases and fuel vapors accumulating in inspection ditches.

When working with gasoline, you must follow the rules for handling it. Gasoline is a flammable liquid, when in contact with the skin, it causes irritation, dissolves paint well. Handle containers from gasoline with care, as the vapors remaining in the container are highly flammable. Particular care should be taken when working with ethyl alcohol gasoline, which contains a potent substance - tetraethyl lead, which causes severe poisoning of the body. Do not use leaded gasoline for washing hands, parts, or clothes. It is forbidden to suck in gasoline and blow pipelines and other devices of the power system by mouth. You can store and transport gasoline only in a closed container with the inscription "Leaded gasoline is poisonous". To remove spilled gasoline, use sawdust, sand, bleach or warm water. Areas of the skin doused with gasoline are immediately washed with kerosene and then with warm water and soap. Be sure to wash your hands before eating.

Special care is required when handling antifreeze. This liquid contains a potent poison - ethylene glycol, the ingress of which into the body leads to severe poisoning. The container in which the antifreeze is stored and transported must have the inscription "Poison" and be sealed. It is strictly forbidden to pour low-freezing liquids using a hose by sucking it through the mouth. The car is filled with antifreeze directly into the cooling system. After servicing a cooling system filled with antifreeze, wash your hands thoroughly. In case of accidental ingestion of antifreeze into the body, the victim should be immediately taken to a medical center for assistance.

Brake fluids and their vapors can also cause poisoning if ingested, therefore, when working with these fluids, all precautions must be taken, and after handling them, you should thoroughly wash your hands.

The acids are stored and transported in glass bottles with ground-in stoppers. The bottles are placed in soft wicker baskets with wood shavings. When carrying bottles, stretchers and carts are used. Acids, when in contact with the skin, cause severe burns and damage to clothing. If acid gets on the skin, quickly wipe this area of \u200b\u200bthe body and rinse with a strong jet of water.

Solvents and paints, if in contact with the skin, cause irritation and burns, and their vapors, if inhaled, can cause poisoning. Car painting should be done in a well-ventilated area. After handling acids, paints and solvents, hands should be thoroughly washed with warm water and soap.

The exhaust gases coming out of the engine contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other substances that can cause severe poisoning and even death. Drivers should always remember this and take measures to prevent exhaust gas poisoning.

The engine power system devices must be correctly adjusted. Periodically check the tightness of the nuts securing the exhaust pipes. When performing checking and adjusting works associated with the need to start the engine in a closed room, it is necessary to ensure the removal of gases from the muffler; it is prohibited to carry out these works in rooms without ventilation.

It is strictly forbidden to sleep in the cab while the engine is running; in such cases, exhaust gases leaking into the cab often lead to fatal poisoning.

When working with a power tool, it is necessary to check the serviceability and availability of protective earth. The voltage of portable lighting used in the maintenance and repair of cars should be no more than 12 V. When working with a tool supplied with a current of 127-220 V, wear protective gloves and use a rubber mat or dry wooden platform. When leaving the workplace, even for a short time, turn off the tool. Stop work if there is any malfunction in the power tool, grounding device, or outlet.

When mounting and dismounting tires, the following rules must be observed: mounting and dismounting of tires should be carried out on stands or on a clean floor (platform), and in the field - on a spread tarpaulin or other mat; before dismantling the tire from the wheel rim, the air from the chamber must be completely exhausted; dismantling of the tire adhering to the rim must be carried out at a special stand for dismantling tires; it is prohibited to mount tires on faulty wheel rims, as well as to use tires that do not correspond to the size of the wheel rim; when inflating the tire, it is necessary to use a special guard or safety devices; when performing this operation in the field, put the wheel with the lock ring down.

The driver must know the causes and rules for extinguishing a fire in the park and in the car. It is necessary to monitor the health of electrical equipment and the absence of fuel leaks. If the vehicle catches fire, it should be removed from the parking lot immediately and measures taken to extinguish the flame. To extinguish a fire, you need to use a thick or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, sand or cover the fire with a dense cloth. In the event of a fire, regardless of the measures taken, the fire brigade must be called.

8. List of used literature

Malfunctions in carburetor engines and how to fix them

Many malfunctions that occur during the operation of carburetor engines are caused by the same reasons as in diesel engines, and the methods for their elimination are similar to the methods for eliminating these causes for diesel engines. Therefore, we will consider only those malfunctions in these engines, the causes of which depend on the design of units and mechanisms.

If the engine does not start, and turning the crankshaft is difficult, then either the connecting rod bearings are overtightened, which happens after repairs, or the oil in the crankcase is heavily thickened. In the cold season, first of all, it is necessary to warm up the engine by pouring into the cooling system first with warm (35-40 ° C) and then hot water (60-70 ° C) J If the shaft is still turning with difficulty, the engine must be opened and check the bearings for tightness. If the shaft does not turn at all, then the pistons in the cylinders are jammed, which requires appropriate engine repair.

The engine may not start for other reasons. Let's consider them in order.

No gasoline flows into the carburetor float chamber. This can be when there is no fuel in the fuel tank or when the valve of this tank is closed and the filter in the fuel tank sump or fuel line is clogged. In such cases, fill the tank with gasoline, open the tank tap, flush the sump filter or blow out the fuel line.

If the float chamber needle valve gets stuck or water freezes at the bottom of the fuel tank, the fuel supply can also be cut off. In the first case, you need to open the carburetor and release the needle valve, and in the second, warm up the tank by covering it with rags dipped in boiling water. Do not heat the tank with an open flame.

With an incorrectly adjusted carburetor or a cold engine, poor combustion occurs, which makes it difficult to start the engine. In these cases it is necessary to either adjust the carburetor or warm up the engine. To do this, hot water is poured into the cooling system, and heated oil into the crankcase; the exhaust pipe and carburetor are covered with rags dipped in boiling water.

Poor mixture formation can also occur with poor fuel, for example, with an admixture of kerosene or water.

If the carburetor produces a mixture that is too “lean” or too “rich”, this also makes it difficult to start the engine. A "lean" mixture can be the result of air sucking through leaks in the connections and in the intake manifold, clogging of the fuel supply system, lowering the fuel level in the needle chamber of the carburetor due to improper bending of the float lever, clogging of the nozzles and channels in the carburetor. In these cases, it is necessary to check the tightness of the connections and the condition of the gaskets in the air system, tighten the connections and replace the worn gaskets, restore the fuel supply to the carburetor, give the correct position of the float lever in the float chamber, purge the jet and the carburetor channel.

Too "rich" combustible mixture is obtained when excessive suction of fuel during start-up and when the float chamber is overfilled with fuel due to improper bending of the float lever, as well as when the shut-off needle is loose in the seat or the float falls to the bottom of the chamber.

In the event that there was a fuel transfer during start-up, you need to open the throttle and choke valves, turn the crankshaft and blow out the engine cylinders.

In other cases, you need to give the correct position to the float lever; check that the obturator surface of the needle and its seat are clean, and if necessary, remove dirt from them; repair the float.

The most common causes of starting difficulties when starting engines with carburetors are faults in the ignition system.

Damage to the current-carrying wire, poor contact of the wire tips and clamps, improper gap between the electrodes in the spark plugs, the presence of a large carbon deposit on the insulator and the spark plug electrodes, violation of the insulation of the central electrode of the spark plug - all this can lead to the absence or weak spark on the spark plug electrodes, as a result of which the working mixture will not ignite. In these cases, you need to isolate the wire from the ground or replace it, strip the wire ends and tighten the clamps, adjust the gap between the spark plug electrodes, clean the spark plug from carbon deposits, replace the plug.
Sometimes the spark between the spark plug electrodes jumps out of time due to incorrect ignition timing or displacement of the breaker cam clutch. In these cases, it is necessary to correctly set the ignition or restore the correct position of the clutch.

Incorrect connection of the wires to the candles also causes untimely sparks in the spark plug and is eliminated by the correct installation of the wires.

Oily or burning of the breaker contacts, violation of the gaps between the contacts, wear of the breaker lever pad lead to the fact that the magneto interrupts sparking. You can eliminate these malfunctions by wiping the contacts with a clean rag (preferably suede) soaked in gasoline or alcohol, and if necessary, clean them with a velvet file, adjusting the gap between the contacts or replacing the lever with a new one.

With an excessive amount of oil in the crankcase, the candles are thrown with oil, as a result of which the engine does not start.

Difficulties in starting the engine also arise due to weak compression in the cylinders, which is a consequence of: - lack of lubricant on the cylinder walls, which can be washed off by excessively sucked gasoline; - insufficient clearance between valve rods and pushers of the distribution mechanism; - wear of compression rings, piston cylinders, as well as incorrect installation of ring locks; - large carbon deposits on the valves, their seats, in the distribution mechanism, as well as burning of the valves; - weakening or breakage of the valve spring of the distribution mechanism; - damage to the copper-asbestos cylinder head gaskets.

In all these cases, it is necessary to repair or replace faulty parts, grind valves, adjust clearances. If there is no lubricant on the cylinder walls, pour a little oil into the holes for the spark plugs and turn the crankshaft several times.

A carburetor engine may not provide the required power for the same reasons as a diesel engine, and, in addition, in the following cases: - operation on an excessively lean or excessively rich mixture, which in both cases leads to engine overheating; - too late ignition, which is accompanied by shots in the exhaust pipe; - too early ignition, which is accompanied by dull knocks when the engine is cold; - incorrect installation of the valve timing after repair.

The causes of knocking in compression rings, pistons, piston pins, valves and connecting rod bearings, as well as the causes of water and oil leaks in carburetor engines are the same as in diesel engines and are eliminated in the same way as in diesel engines.

One of the engine malfunctions is clutch slippage when switched on under load, which usually indicates wear of the friction linings of the clutch drive plate and the ingress of lubricant on the friction surfaces of the clutch discs or a violation of the clutch adjustment. In the first case, the malfunction is eliminated by changing the linings or the driving disc, in the second - by washing and drying the disc, and in the third - by adjusting the clutch.

If the clutch does not engage at all, this may be due to a misalignment and indicates that the clutch needs to be adjusted.

TO Category: - Motors for rail cranes

The lack of supply is possible when the filter in the fuel tank intake tube, the fine fuel filter, the sump filter, the fuel line is clogged and in the event of a malfunction of the fuel pump or carburetor. In the fuel pump, the valves may be stuck or the diaphragm is damaged, in the carburetor the float or the fuel supply valve may be stuck in the closed position.

When depleted, the combustible mixture burns at a lower rate and burns out in the cylinder when the intake valve is already open. As a result, the engine overheats and the flame spreads to the intake manifold and carburetor mixing chamber, causing sharp popping. This reduces engine power and increases fuel consumption.

The reasons for the formation of a rich combustible mixture can be:

• · Incomplete opening of the air damper;
• · Increased fuel level in the float chamber;
• · Sticking of the float or fuel supply valve in the open position;
• · Increase in the openings of the jets;
• · Clogging of the air jet;
• · Violation of the float tightness;
• · Fuel supply valves, economizer valves.

A rich fuel mixture has a reduced combustion rate and does not completely burn out in the cylinder due to lack of oxygen. As a result, the engine overheats, and the mixture burns out in the muffler, which causes sharp pops and the appearance of black smoke in it. Prolonged operation of the engine on a rich mixture causes excessive fuel consumption and large deposits of carbon deposits on the walls of the combustion chamber and spark plug electrodes. In this case, the engine power decreases, and its wear increases.

Unstable engine operation, in addition to the indicated reasons, can be caused by the following circumstances. If the engine runs unstable only at idle speed, this may be due to a violation of the engine speed control. If the engine stops working with a sharp opening of the throttle valve, this indicates possible malfunctions of the accelerator pump: sticking of the piston, malfunction of the drive, non-tightness of the check valve, clogging of the sprayer, stuck discharge valve.

The reasons for the drop in engine power, in addition to the above, may be incomplete opening of the throttle valve when the pedal is pressed all the way and clogging of the air filter.

Increased fuel consumption can be caused by leaks in the fuel line connections or a damaged diaphragm of the fuel pump.

Lack of fuel supply, the formation of an excessively lean or rich combustible mixture are the main malfunctions of the carburetor engine power system.

Signs of malfunctions in the power supply system are as follows: inability to start or difficult starting of the engine, its unstable operation, power drop, overheating, increased fuel consumption.

The lack of supply is possible when the filter in the fuel tank inlet tube, fine fuel filter, sump filter, fuel line is clogged, and in case of malfunctioning of the fuel pump or carburetor. In the fuel pump, the valves may get stuck or the diaphragm is damaged, in the carburetor the float or the fuel supply valve may get stuck in the closed position.

A lean combustible mixture is formed either with a decrease in the fuel supply, or with an increase in the amount of incoming air. The fuel supply may decrease for the above reasons, as well as due to a low fuel level in the float chamber, clogged nozzles, carburetor mesh filter, wear of the fuel pump drive lever, and a decrease in the elasticity of the diaphragm spring. Air intake can increase if the air damper is not fully closed, as well as due to its suction at the junction of the carburetor components with the intake manifold and the intake manifold with the cylinder heads.

Troubleshooting methods

When checking the power system, first of all, you must make sure that there is no fuel leak through the connections, since this malfunction can lead to a fire.

If there is a fuel leak or air leaks in the engine connections, tighten the fasteners, and if necessary replace the gaskets.

If the filter in the inlet tube of the fuel tank, the fine fuel filter, the sump filter and the carburetor mesh filter are clogged, remove the filters and their filter elements, rinse them in a bath with unleaded gasoline using a hair brush, blow them with compressed air and reinstall them. When disassembling fine filters equipped with a fragile ceramic element, ensure its safety. When assembling the filters, the condition of the gaskets is checked. Replace damaged gaskets. Plugged fuel lines are disconnected from the fuel pump and purged with a tire pump.

The fuel pump is checked directly on the engine or by removing it from the engine. To check the pump on the engine, the fuel line is disconnected from the carburetor and its end is lowered into a transparent vessel filled with gasoline. If, when pressing the manual priming lever, a strong jet of fuel knocks out of the fuel line, the pump is in good order. Air bubbles coming out of the fuel line indicate air leaks (leaks) in the line connections or pump.

To detect malfunctions of the fuel pump, also without removing it from the engine, a model 527B device is used, consisting of a hose with tips and a pressure gauge. The hose is connected at one end to the carburetor, and the other to the fuel line from the pump to the carburetor. After starting the engine, the pressure created by the pump at a low crankshaft speed is determined by the pressure gauge. For engines ZMZ-53-11 and ZIL-130, it should be 18-30 kPa. Lower pressure can occur when the diaphragm spring is weakened, the pump valves are loose, as well as when the fuel lines and sump filter are clogged. To clarify the malfunction, the pressure drop is measured. If it exceeds 10 kPa in 30 seconds after stopping the engine, then this is caused by a loose fit of the pump valves or the carburetor needle valve. Having connected the pressure gauge to the fuel line leading to the carburetor, the engine is started and allowed to run on the fuel available in the carburetor's float chamber until the fuel pressure reaches the previously measured level. If, even with such a connection of the pressure gauge, after stopping the engine, the pressure drop exceeds 10 kPa in 30 s, this indicates a leaking pump valves.

To check the vacuum generated by the pump, a vacuum gauge is used, which is attached to the pump inlet. Turning the engine crankshaft with a starter, measure the resolution, which for a working pump should be 45-50 kPa. A lower vacuum is caused by a leak in the exhaust valve, damaged diaphragm or gasket.

Damage to the diaphragm is indicated by the interruption of the fuel supply and its outflow from the hole in the pump housing. If the manual priming lever moves freely when fuel is reduced or completely cut off, this indicates a loss of elasticity of the diaphragm spring. Finally, if the considered faults of the fuel pump and gaps in the power supply system are not found, but the fuel supply is insufficient, the dimensions of the pump drive lever should be compared with the new lever, since the end of the lever may wear.

In a faulty fuel pump, a damaged diaphragm, a diaphragm spring that has lost its elasticity, or a worn drive lever is replaced. If the diaphragm discs are damaged, the nut of their fastening is released on the way and, having lubricated the discs with soap, they are installed so that the places of damage do not coincide. If the valves are not tight, the pump is disassembled, the valves are washed in gasoline and installed in place. Worn valves are replaced.

Carburetor malfunctions that make it difficult to start the engine are detected as follows. First of all, through the window (for the K-126B carburetor) or the control hole (for the K-88A carburetor), the fuel level in the float chamber is checked. Low fuel level can be due to misalignment or sticking of the float. A stuck fuel valve in the closed position is detected by unscrewing the carburetor drain plug. If fuel flows out of the hole for a short time and then stops flowing out, this indicates this malfunction. If you suspect that the jets are clogged, unscrew the plugs and blow the jets with compressed air through the holes using a tire pump. If, after purging the jets, the engine starts to work without interruption, then the reason for the decrease in fuel supply was the clogging of the jets. A clogged carburetor mesh filter is detected by removing it from the carburetor and inspecting it.

Incomplete closure of the air damper is detected when the air filter is removed. Having pulled out the flap control knob to failure, observe its position.

To adjust the fuel level in the float chamber of the K-126B carburetor, remove the cover of the float chamber and install the float according to the caliber. The gauge sets the distance from the plane of the body and float chamber cover to the top of the float. The float is set in the required position by bending the tongue against the end of the valve needle. The float travel stop is also bent, achieving a gap between the end of the needle and the tongue in the range of 1.2-1.6 mm.

To adjust the fuel level in the float chamber of the K-88A carburetor, the distance from the connector plane of the upper carburetor body to the end of the fuel supply valve needle is checked with a caliber. If the distance is out of range, change the number of shims between the valve body and the carburetor body. As the number of shims increases, the fuel level in the float chamber decreases. If adjustment fails in this way, you can gently bend the float arms.

If the fuel supply valve of the K-88A carburetor sticks, it is rubbed against the seat, and if it is impossible to achieve tightness and normal operation, the valves are replaced. The fuel supply valve of the K-126B carburetor is locked not with a needle, but with an elastic plastic washer. If the valve loses its tightness, replace the washer.

When checking the operation of the foot and manual drives of the throttle and choke valves of the carburetor, the following parameters are monitored. The throttle pedal should move without jamming and friction on the floor of the cab and should not reach the floor when the throttle valves are fully open by 3-5 mm. The clearance between the hand-operated cable clamp with the throttle valves and the bracket attached to the rod should be 2-3 mm with the button fully extended. The gap between the end face of the manual control button, the air damper actuator and the cab flap when the damper is fully open should be 2--3 mm.

The carburetor is adjusted to the minimum stable idle speed with a stop screw that limits the closing of the throttle valve and screws that change the composition of the combustible mixture. When the screws are tightened, the mixture is depleted, and when they are unscrewed, it is enriched. Before adjusting, check the health of the ignition system, especially the candles, and warm up the engine to a coolant temperature of 75-95 ° C.

Having stopped the engine, screw the screws that change the composition of the combustible mixture, not tightly, but to failure, and then unscrew each screw 2.5-3 turns. The engine is started and, using the stop screw, the position of the throttle valves is set, at which the engine runs stably. Then, by tightening or unscrewing one of the screws of the mixture composition with a constant position of the throttle valves, they achieve the highest crankshaft speed. The same is done with the second screw. After adjusting the composition of the mixture, the throttle valves are covered with a stop screw, reducing the crankshaft speed. The engine should idle steadily at a crankshaft speed of 450-500 rpm. To check the correctness of the adjustment, smoothly press the throttle actuator and release it sharply. If the engine stops, the speed of the crankshaft should be increased slightly by tightening the stop screw and again check the stability of the engine. Then the tips of the ignition wires are alternately removed from the plugs of the cylinders supplied by the right chamber of the carburetor and from the plugs of the cylinders supplied by the left chamber. For both cases, measure the crankshaft speed with a tachometer. The difference between the tachometer readings should not be more than 60 rpm.

In case of incomplete opening or closing of the throttle and air dampers, the foot drive of the throttle dampers is adjusted using a threaded fork and a rod, and the manual drive with a clamp. The choke actuator is adjusted by changing the length of the cable between the control handle and the choke lever.

The main malfunctions of the power supply system of a gasoline engine with a carburetor are:

• stopping the fuel supply to the carburetor;
• the formation of too lean or rich combustible mixture;
• fuel leakage, difficult starting of a hot or cold engine;
• unstable idling;
• interruptions in engine operation, increased fuel consumption;
• increased toxicity of exhaust gases in all operating modes.

The main reasons for stopping the fuel supply can be: Damage to the valves or diaphragm of the fuel pump; clogged filters; freezing of water in the fuel lines. In order to determine the reasons for the lack of fuel supply, you need to disconnect the hose supplying fuel from the pump to the carburetor, lower the end of the hose removed from the carburetor into a transparent container so that it does not fall on the engine and does not ignite it, and pump fuel with the manual fuel pump lever or turning the crankshaft with a starter. If at the same time there is a jet of fuel with a good pressure, then the pump is in good order.

Then you need to remove the fuel filter of the inlet fitting and check if it is clogged. A pump malfunction is indicated by poor fuel supply, intermittent fuel supply and lack of fuel supply. These reasons may also indicate that the fuel supply line from the fuel tank to the fuel pump is clogged.

The main reasons for the depletion of the combustible mixture can be: reduction of the fuel level in the float chamber; sticking of the needle valve of the float chamber; low pressure of the fuel pump; contamination of fuel jets.

If the throughput of the main fuel jets changes, this leads to an increase in the toxicity of exhaust gases and a decrease in the economic indicators of the engine.

If the engine loses power, "shots" are heard from the carburetor, and the engine overheats, then the reasons for these malfunctions may be: poor supply to the float chamber, clogging of jets and nozzles; clogging or damage to the economizer valve, air leakage through leaks in the carburetor and intake manifold. Loss of engine power when operating on a lean mixture can occur due to slow combustion of the mixture and, as a result, lower gas pressure in the cylinder. When the fuel mixture is depleted, the engine overheats, because the combustion of the mixture occurs slowly and not only in the combustion chamber, but throughout the entire volume of the cylinder. In this case, the heating area of \u200b\u200bthe walls increases and the temperature rises.

For repair and elimination of defects, it is necessary to check the fuel supply. If the fuel supply is normal, it is necessary to check if there is air leakage in the joints, for which the engine is started, the air damper is closed, the ignition is turned off and the joints of the carburetor and the intake manifold are inspected. If wet spots of fuel appear, this indicates the presence of leaks in these places. Eliminate defects by tightening the nuts and bolts. In the absence of air leaks, check the fuel level in the float chamber and, if necessary, adjust it.

If the nozzles are clogged, they are blown through with compressed air or, in extreme cases, carefully cleaned with soft copper wire.

Fuel leak should be eliminated immediately due to the possibility of fire and excessive fuel consumption. It is necessary to check the tightness of the fuel tank drain plug, the fuel-line connections, the integrity of the fuel lines, the tightness of the diaphragms and the fuel pump connections.

The reasons for the difficult start of a cold engine can be: lack of fuel supply to the carburetor; malfunction of the carburetor starting device; malfunctions of the ignition system.

If it is well fed into the carburetor and the ignition system is in good order, a possible cause may be a violation of the adjustment of the position of the air and throttle valves of the primary chamber, as well as the pneumatic corrector of the starting device. It is necessary to adjust the position of the air damper by adjusting its cable drive and check the operation of the pneumatic corrector.

Unstable engine performance or its termination at low idle speed of the crankshaft can be caused by the following reasons: incorrect installation of the ignition; the formation of carbon deposits on the electrodes of the candles or an increase in the gap between them; violation of the adjustment of the gaps between the rocker arms and the camshaft cams; decrease in compression; air leaks through the gaskets between the head and the intake pipe and between the exhaust pipe and the carburetor.

First, you need to make sure that the ignition system and the gas distribution mechanism are in good working order, then check that the throttle valves and their drive are not jammed, and the carburetor idle system is adjusted. If the adjustment does not help to achieve stable engine operation, it is necessary to check the cleanliness of the nozzles and channels of the idling system of the carburetor, the serviceability of the forced idle economizer, the tightness of the connections of the vacuum hoses of the EPXX system and the vacuum brake booster.

After every 15,000–20,000 km of run, check and tighten the bolts and nuts securing the air cleaner to the carburetor, the fuel pump to the cylinder block, the carburetor to the intake pipe, intake and exhaust pipe to the cylinder head, the exhaust pipe to the exhaust pipe, the muffler to the body ... Remove the cover, take out the filter element of the air cleaner, replace it with a new one. When working in dusty conditions, the filter element is changed after a run of 7000–10,000 km, the fine fuel filter is changed. When installing a new filter, the arrow on its housing must point in the direction of the fuel flow towards the fuel pump. It is necessary to remove the cover of the fuel pump housing, remove the strainer, rinse it and the cavity of the pump housing with gasoline, blow out the valves with compressed air and reinstall all the parts, unscrew the plug from the carburetor cover, remove the strainer, rinse it with gasoline, blow it with compressed air and put it on a place.

In addition to the listed works, after 20,000-25,000 km of run, the carburetor is cleaned and its operation checked, for which the cover is removed and contamination is removed from the float chamber. The dirt is sucked off with a rubber bulb together with the fuel.

Then the jets and channels of the carburetor are blown with compressed air; check and adjust the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber; check the operation of the EPXX system; regulate the carburetor for compliance with the content of carbon monoxide CO and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of cars with gasoline engines.

Fuel system maintenance also includes daily inspection of the fuel line connections, carburetor and fuel pump to make sure there are no fuel leaks. Warming up the engine, you need to make sure that the engine is stable at a low crankshaft speed. For this, the throttle valves are quickly opened, then they are sharply closed.

Insufficient filling of the carburetor with fuel may be caused by a malfunctioning fuel pump. In this case, the pump is disassembled, all parts are washed in gasoline or kerosene and carefully inspected to detect cracks and breaks in the housings, leaks in the suction and discharge valves, cranking in the seats or axial displacement of the upper casing pipes, ruptures, delamination and hardening of the pump membrane, elongation the edges of the hole for the membrane pull. Hand lever and lever spring should work well. The pump filter must be clean, the mesh must be intact and the sealing lip flat. The elasticity of the spring is checked under load. Springs and diaphragms that do not meet technical requirements must be replaced.

In the body of the fuel pump, there may be such damages as wear of the holes for the axis of the drive lever, stripped threads for the screws securing the cover, warping of the surfaces of the cover and housing. Worn holes for the axis of the drive arm are expanded to a larger diameter and the sleeve is inserted; stripped threads in holes can be repaired by cutting larger threads.

The warping of the lid contact plane is eliminated by rubbing on the plate with paste or sandpaper.

If the hole in which the support pin is installed and the working surface in contact with the eccentric are worn out at the pump diaphragm drive lever, then the hole is expanded to a larger diameter, and the working surface is fused and machined according to a template. Worn plate valves are repaired by facing their surfaces while grinding on a lapping plate. After repair and assembly, the pump is tested on a special device.

Carburetor repair.

To repair a carburetor, it is usually removed from the car, disassembled, cleaned and blown through with compressed air its parts and valves; change worn and out of order parts, assemble the carburetor, adjust the fuel level in the float chamber and adjust the idle system. It is possible to remove and install the carburetor, as well as fasten and tighten the fastening nuts, only on a cold carburetor, with a cold engine.

To remove the carburetor, you first need to remove the air pump, then disconnect the cable and the return spring from the throttle valve control sector, the rod and the sheath of the air damper rod. Next, unscrew the fastening screw and remove the carburetor heating block; then the electrical wires of the carburetor limit switch are disconnected, and in some cars, the forced idle economizer. After that, the carburetor mounting nuts are unscrewed, removed and the inlet of the intake pipe is closed with plugs. Install the carburetor upside-down.

In order to disassemble the carburetor cover, you need to carefully push the axis of the floats out of the struts with a mandrel and remove them; remove the cover gasket, unscrew the needle valve seat, fuel supply line and remove the fuel filter. Then unscrew the idle speed actuator and remove the actuator fuel jet; unscrew the bolt and remove the liquid chamber; remove the spring housing clamp, the spring itself and its screen. If necessary, disconnect the body of the semi-automatic starting device, its cover, diaphragm, plunger stop, adjusting screw for opening the throttle valve, pull of the lever for opening the throttle valve.

In the previous "" article, we got acquainted with general information on problems with starting the engine. It is worth dwelling in more detail on each of the possible reasons, so in this article we will talk about which are possible car power system malfunctions.

I would like to start highlighting the possible causes of power system malfunctions and ways to eliminate them from the plate, which consists of two columns. The first column lists the causes of the power system malfunction, and the other column describes how to eliminate or prevent malfunctions:

Reasons for malfunction	Remedies or Preventions
As a result of starting the engine, the mixture is re-enriched.	Purge the cylinders with fresh air by turning the crankshaft with the starter with the air and throttle valves fully open for 10 seconds
Fuel is not flowing to carburetor or insufficient amount of fuel is supplied	Check the correct functioning of the power system in the following sequence: carburetor, fine fuel filter, fuel pump, fuel tank
Malfunction of the engine ignition system or interruptions in its operation	Check the condition of the ignition system devices, the reliability of their connection, the condition of the wiring
Lack of thermal clearance of valves or leaks of valves, hanging them in guide bushings	Check and, if necessary, adjust the gap between the rocker arm and the valve end
A sharp decrease in compression in the engine cylinders or the ingress of water into them	Check the compression in the engine cylinders, the condition of the cylinder head gasket
In the power supply system, extraneous air leakage, that is, in the connecting nodes of fasteners or in damaged areas of the gaskets of the devices	Check the tightness of the connection of pipelines to the devices of the power system, the serviceability of the gaskets of the devices and, if necessary, tighten the loose connections or replace the damaged gaskets
Clogging (contamination) of devices of the power system or fuel line	Verify that fuel is flowing from the fuel tank to the engine's combustion chamber. Remove any obstructions by blowing, cleaning or flushing
Malfunctions of power supply units or violations of their adjustments	Check the operation of the fuel pump, carburetor or injectors, the condition of filters and fuel lines. The detected faults are eliminated by adjusting or replacing faulty parts

We recommend starting with the fuel tank to search for faults in the engine power system.

Fuel tank malfunction.

If, while purging the fuel tank with air, no fuel bubbling appears in the fuel tank, this is an indication that the fuel tank is defective: the fuel tank strainer is dirty or there is a lot of dirt. At the same time, we remove the sludge through the drain hole, and rinse the fuel tank itself with gasoline. When filling the fuel tank, special attention must be paid to the cleanliness of the fuel and measures must be taken to prevent water, dust or dirt from entering the tank.

On many cars, a fine fuel filter is additionally installed in the power supply system between the carburetor or injector and the fuel pump. If the filter element of the filter is dirty, it is recommended to wash it in unleaded gasoline or hot water and then blow it out with air. If the gasket of the fine fuel filter sump is damaged, it must be replaced with a new one.

When it is found that the engine power system is working properly and the engine does not start, it is necessary to check the ignition system and the starting system of the car's engine.