GAZ-33081 is a diesel version of the popular domestic car GAZ-3308 "Sadko", a long-term leader in the class of medium-tonnage all-wheel drive trucks on the market of Russia and the former Soviet republics. The design of the GAZ-33081 cab and body practically does not differ from the basic model of the Sadko family, as well as from the basic GAZ-3307 platform. Its main feature is a diesel engine, not a gasoline engine. In fact, GAZ-33081 became the direct heir to the legendary GAZ-66 off-road military truck.

Scope and versions of GAZ-33081

Nevertheless, the possibilities of using the “66th” descendant are much wider than purely army ones. GAZ-33081 is suitable for use in various areas of the national economy. Its element is off-road. He is able to work effectively in the harsh climatic conditions of the Far North and Siberia; in rugged desert, forest and mountainous areas.

This is why this relatively cheap and unpretentious truck is widely used in the oil and gas industries; in geological expeditions; modern agricultural enterprises; in hunting and forestry; medical, fire and rescue services; in various structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Penitentiary Service of Russia.

In total, more than a hundred types of special superstructures have been developed for the GAZ-33081 car today, among which are tank trucks, hydraulic lifts and vans for various purposes. Some of the most popular are rotational buses and gaiters, mobile repair shops.

From the very beginning of its serial production, at the very end of the 90s, on the basis of the diesel "Sadko" they began to produce not only flatbed and tilt trucks, but also cars with conventional and isothermal vans, simple and telescopic hydraulic lifts, hook loaders, drilling and crane machines. , evacuators, loader cranes, vans for transporting prisoners, mobile laboratories and other special equipment. By the way, the complete list of which in the manufacturer's price list is simply amazing.

A successful version of the GAZ-33081 truck was its modification "Huntsman-II" - with a two-row five-seat cab, developed by the production enterprise "Chaika-Service". In this four-door, "cargo-passenger" version, the rear row of seats can be replaced with two berths if necessary. That allows you to use the truck for long-distance cargo transportation, or for the delivery of repair teams and their subsequent work in remote and hard-to-reach areas.

The modification of the GAZ-330811-10 "Vepr", which is a shortened version of the GAZ-33081 truck with a modular all-metal body, in a passenger or cargo-passenger version, also received some fame.

About the history of the GAZ-33081 model

Despite the many years of successful use in the Soviet Army of a brutal all-terrain truck, it was replaced in the eighties of the twentieth century at the Gorky Automobile Plant, the development of a new all-wheel drive vehicle started.

Its result was the launch of a serial production of a car, which was freed from the main disadvantages of 66: inconvenient access to the engine for repair; more than harsh conditions for the driver, in a cab with bad, moreover, the ergonomics of the workplace and controls.

The platform of the fourth generation rear-wheel drive trucks of the Gorky Automobile Plant was taken as a basis -. This family, which replaced and, was developed during 1982-1986 and entered the assembly line in 1989.

In the late 80s, taking into account the ever-increasing role of diesel engines in the production of trucks, as well as the need to modernize the GAZ-66, the plant also worked on a model of an all-wheel drive truck, with the possibility of using a diesel engine on it.

GAZ-33081 "Huntsman II" in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan).

However, the destruction of the USSR and the subsequent upheavals of the 90s in Russia contributed to the fact that these promising developments reached serial production only in December 1997.

In the 2000s, the market situation developed in such a way that the economic feasibility of using gasoline engines on medium-duty trucks steadily declined and, as a result, practically disappeared. And here are trucks running on liquefied gas; on diesel fuel turned out to be very viable under the new conditions. This predetermined the success and distribution of GAZ-33081 on the market of Russia and the former Soviet republics.

In a simplified sense, the GAZ-33081 car can be called a constructive mixture of the basic GAZ-3307 and GAZ-66 models. At the same time, the frame, chassis and reinforcement were taken from the good old 66th, and the cab and body were taken from the 3307th. GAZ-33081 is a simple car, and not only externally, but also technically.

This simplicity is deliberate. Since there are no unnecessary elements in the design of the truck that would increase its final cost. And maintenance with repair also does not require any significant time and material costs.

Technical characteristics of GAZ-33081

As already noted, the main distinguishing feature of the GAZ-33081 truck, in comparison with other modifications of the all-wheel drive GAZ family "Sadko", is its engine.

Unlike the basic version of the GAZ-3308, with a 130-horsepower carburetor engine ZMZ-5231.10 with a working volume of 4.67 liters; the GAZ-33081 is equipped with a turbocharged diesel engine MMZ D-245.7 with a working volume of 4.75 liters and a capacity of 122 horsepower.

MMZ D-245.7: GAZ-33081 engine

The diesel power unit MMZ D-245.7 of the Minsk Motor Plant consists of four cylinders in an in-line vertical arrangement. The MMZ D-245.7 engine fully meets the requirements of the Euro-2 environmental standard, and its maximum power reaches 122.4 hp. at 2400 rpm.

The upper limit of the motor torque reaches 417 Nm in the range from 1100 to 2100 rpm. That, together with the uncontested five-speed manual transmission, provides the truck with the ability to accelerate to a maximum "cruising" speed of 93 km / h on the highway, with an average fuel consumption of 16.8 liters for every 100 kilometers. With uniform movement at a speed of 60 km / h, the average consumption of diesel fuel is, according to the manufacturer, 13.5 liters per 100 km.

The engine is equipped with liquid cooling, direct fuel injection and turbocharging with intercooled charge air. The option of optional installation of a pre-heater is possible, which will simplify engine starting at extremely low temperatures.

Other characteristics of the engine MMZ D-245.7

• Bore and stroke - 110 x 125 mm;
• The order of the cylinders: 1-3-4-2;
• The direction of rotation of the crankshaft is right;
• The compression ratio is 17.
• Maximum torque at a crankshaft speed of 1300-1600 rpm. - 413 (42) N * m (kgf * m).
• High pressure fuel pump (TNVD): In-line, 4-plunger, spool type, "773-20.05E2", with an all-mode speed regulator, a booster pump and a stop electromagnet.
• Nozzles: FDM-22; 455.1112010-50 or 172.1112010-11.01 closed type; injection start pressure 27.0-1.2 MPa (240 kgf / cm2).
• Pressurization system: gas turbine, with one turbocharger C14-179-01, or TKR-6.1, with a radial centripetal turbine, centrifugal compressor and a tube-plate type air charge air cooler.

Subsequently (namely, in 2013), instead of the MMZ D-245.7 engine, the more modern, Yaroslavl 134-horsepower YaMZ-53442 turbodiesel, belonging to the Euro-4 ecological class, began to be installed on the Sadko all-wheel drive diesel engines. As you know, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant also became part of the GAZ Group holding. The Sadko car with the YaMZ-53442 diesel engine received a different factory index - GAZ-33088.

General dimensions and weight data of GAZ-33081

• Dimensions. Length - 6.25 m; Width (on the platform) - 2.34 m; Height (in the cabin without load) - 2.57 m; Height (on the awning without load) - 2.78 m.
• Base - 3.77 m; Front wheel track - 1.82 m; The rear wheel track is 1.77 m.
• Ground clearance (under the rear axle housing at full weight) - 315 mm. Brod - 1 m.
• The turning radius of the vehicle along the axis of the track of the front outer wheel is 11 m.
• Overhang angle (full load) - 48 degrees front and 32 degrees rear.
• The angle of the climb overcome by the car with the full weight of the car is not less than 31 degrees.
• Loading height: 1.36 m.
• Carrying capacity of the vehicle is 2 tons.
• Vehicle curb weight (without additional equipment) - 4.065 tons.
• The gross vehicle weight is 6.3 tons.

The GAZ-33081 all-wheel drive truck in its basic version is equipped with a metal or metal-wooden side platform with a flat floor; with tailgate and frame removable tarpaulin.

The dimensions of the cargo platform are 3390x2145 mm, the height of the sides of the platform is 900 mm. If necessary and desired, the platform with an awning can be equipped with a lighting shade, a sound signaling button for the driver, with folding longitudinal side seats and a safety belt over the tailgate. There is also a variant with a cargo platform increased to 3.75 m.

Transmission

The clutch on the GAZ-33081 truck is single-disc, dry, frictional, with a torsional vibration damper in the driven disc, with a diaphragm pressure spring. The clutch drive is hydraulic. Transmission - mechanical, 5-speed, with constant gearing, fully synchronized (except for 1st gear and reverse gear).

The transfer case is mechanical, with direct and low gears. The gear ratio of the lowest gear is 1,982. The main gear of the driving axles is conical, hypoid type. The gear ratio is 5.5. The differential is of the cam type. The steering knuckles of the front axle have constant velocity joints.

The GAZ-33081 truck is built on the basis of a two-axle frame platform with dependent leaf spring suspension at the front, and at the rear with longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, supplemented by hydraulic telescopic double-acting shock absorbers on all wheels. Frame - stamped riveted, with front side member extensions and rear bumpers.

Disc wheels, with rim 228G-457, with side and split lock rings. Pneumatic tires, radial, single-sided, size 12.00 R18, model KI-115A, with a powerful off-road tread. For the army version of the car, tires are increased to R20 in size.

The suspension is equipped with longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, with hydraulic telescopic double-acting shock absorbers, with rubber compression springs in the rear suspension.

GAZ-33081 in the taiga

Braking systems

Service brake system: Dual-circuit, with separate braking of the axles, with a pneumohydraulic drive, with an anti-lock braking system (ABS). ABS –3-channel, with modulator and pneumatic booster; with a master brake cylinder in each channel. The pneumatic part of the drive includes a compressor, an air dryer with a pressure regulator and receivers (3 pcs. - 20 l each, 1 pc. - 5 l). Brakes - drum, drum type.

Parking brake system: Transmission, with a mechanical cable drive with a fork unclamping mechanism. The brake mechanism is a shoe type, drum type.

The wiring system is single-wire, the negative terminals of the power supplies and consumers are connected to the car body. The internal voltage is 24 Volts.

• Regular rechargeable batteries: 6ST-55A3, or 6ST-55A13, or 6ST-55 "Titan", or 6ST-55A73.
• Generator: 5101.3701-01 or GG273V1-3 alternating current, with built-in rectifier and voltage regulator.
• Starter: AZJ-3381 or 6ST-230R.

GAZ-330811-10 "Vepr"

The steering of the truck is based on a "screw-ball nut" system and is complemented by hydraulic power steering.

As additional equipment, the GAZ-33081 truck can be used:

• Winch: Traction, single-drum, horizontal. Gearbox type - worm gear, with a globoid modified gear, with a lower worm arrangement and an automatic brake. The gear ratio of the reducer is 24. The length of the cable is 50 m. The winch is driven by a cardan shaft from the power take-off. The ultimate pulling force on the cable is 29.4 kN (3000 kgf) with a fully wound cable (upper winding row) and 39-44 kN (4000-4500 kgf) - with a fully unwound cable (lower winding row).
• Power take-off: Mechanical, with two gears.

GAZ-33081 cab. Reviews of drivers and owners about the truck

The GAZ-33081 cab is all-metal, with extensive, almost panoramic glazing; the most simple, utilitarian and practical device. The driver and passenger seats are separate, soft and comfortable enough, with an excellent level of comfort for a truck.

Noise isolation is poor. When driving on the highway, the loud noise of off-road tires is very noticeable. The thermal insulation is good: it is easy to maintain room temperature in the cab, even in the most severe frosts.

Pleases the hydraulic power steering. According to the drivers, the "steering wheel" quietly turns with one hand, without tension, "with a cigarette in his teeth." Of the other advantages, it is noted that there is no need to drive on all-wheel drive on the GAZ-33081 all the time - the front axle is disengaged simply by a lever from the cab, and just as easily connects if necessary.

The costs of maintenance and repairs are called non-burdensome, since the car is hardy, and there is always an abundance of spare parts for the GAZ-33081 on the market, and their price is quite low. Fuel consumption in general corresponds to what is declared according to the passport by the Gorky Automobile Plant. In terms of the cost of owning a car, the GAZ-33081 is even compared to a UAZ loaf, although these are cars from two completely different "stories".

As a bonus, the owners of the GAZ-33081 are glad that in the OB vehicle, in addition to category C, "Specialized MAS" is indicated, and this gives the right to pass as special equipment under bans for trucks. Due to its specificity, the GAZ-33081 is still more common as a "workhorse" of various state and large private organizations and structures than owned by individual owners. And he passed the tests in the harsh conditions of Siberia and the Far North and continues to pass with dignity. As befits a true descendant of the GAZ-66.

GAZ-33081 prices in the Russian market

The cost of the new all-wheel drive truck GAZ-33081 at the dealers of the Gorky Automobile Plant starts from one and a half million rubles (for the basic configuration - a flatbed car with an awning). There are few offers on the secondary market, and the price ranges from 400 thousand rubles to 1 million, depending on the technical condition of the car.

Rotational bus GAZ-33081.

In general, it should be noted that the GAZ-33081 was simply doomed to success in our country, where thousands of square kilometers are occupied by off-road spaces and there is an urgent need to apply real all-terrain qualities of equipment.

Diesel all-wheel drive "Sadko" became a good successor of the GAZ-66 truck, inheriting the best qualities of simplicity, unpretentiousness, cross-country ability of this machine and getting rid of its inherent shortcomings.

This section lists the work that must be performed regularly in the intervals between the maintenance operations provided for in the service book.

8.1. Checking the oil level in the crankcase

The oil level should be checked with the engine cold, not running, and the vehicle should be parked on level ground. The oil level should be between the marks "P" and "O" of the dipstick (closer to the mark "P") Add oil if necessary.

Pour fresh oil through the oil filler neck closed with a plug.

8.2. Checking the oil level in the gearbox, transfer case, front and rear axles

The oil level check must be carried out with a vehicle with no load, installed on a level surface, on cooled units.

The oil level in the gearbox should be within 0–7 mm from the lower edge of the filler hole (Fig. 8.1).

Figure: 8.1. Checking the transmission oil level:

The oil level in the transfer case should be within Ø 5 mm from the lower edge of the filler hole (Fig. 8.2).

Figure: 8.2. Checking the oil level in the transfer case:

1 - drain plug; 2 - filler plug

The oil level in the rear axle should be at the level of the lower edge of the filler hole, in the front axle - 5–6 mm below the edge of the filler hole (Fig. 8.3).

Figure: 8.3. Checking the oil level in the front and rear axles:

1 - drain plug;

2 - filler plug

8.3. Checking the coolant level

Checking the coolant level in the expansion tank 2 (Fig. 8.4) should be done only on a cold engine.

The liquid level in the expansion tank should be at the “MIN” mark or 30–50 mm higher than it.

Figure: 8.4. Checking the coolant level in the expansion tank:

1 - cork; 2 - tank

Add coolant through the opening of the expansion tank closed with a plug. If you frequently add fluid, check the tightness of the cooling system.

8.4. Checking the electrolyte level in the battery

The electrolyte level in the battery should be between the MIN and MAX marks (Fig. 8.5), printed on the translucent battery case, and, if they are absent, along the lower edge of the filler hole.

Figure: 8.5. Accumulator battery:

1 - cover; 2 - cork; 3 - filler hole

If the electrolyte level is below the norm, it is necessary to remove the cover 1, unscrew the plugs 2 and through the holes 3 add distilled water to the battery cells to the norm; then screw the plugs 2, after checking the cleanliness of the ventilation openings in them and install the cover 1. After that, it is necessary to burn the outer surfaces of the battery with a clean cloth moistened with a 10% solution of ammonia or baking soda.

You must constantly monitor the cleanliness of the battery terminals and wire clamps, as well as the reliability of their connections.

When installing the battery on the car, make sure that the wires are connected in accordance with the polarity indicated on their terminals and battery terminals (positive terminal is greater than negative).

Batteries are charged to a density of 1.25–1.27 g / cm 3 before being installed on a car. Depending on the climatic region of operation of the car, the density of the electrolyte must be adjusted (see instructions for use of batteries).

When the car is parked for a long time, disconnect the battery from the car body to ensure fire safety.

Battery switch. To disconnect the battery during long-term parking or when repairing electrical equipment, a battery switch is installed to the right of the driver's seat.

To avoid damage to some electrical equipment, do not disconnect the battery while the engine is running.

8.5. Checking the oil level in the reservoir of the power steering system

The reservoir and the pump of the power steering system of the GAZ-3308 are installed on the engine.

Add oil to the reservoir while the engine is idling to the filter mesh 3 (Fig. 8.6).

Figure: 8.6. Power steering tank for GAZ-3308:

1 - cover; 2 - breather; 3 - mesh filter; 4 - tank; 5 - filter

The reservoir of the power steering system of the GAZ-33081 car is installed under the hood on a bracket on the front of the cab.

The oil level in the tank should be between the MAX and MIN marks (Fig. 8.7), printed on the tank body (for a plastic tank) or 0-5 mm above the strainer (for a metal tank).

Figure: 8.7. Checking the oil level in the reservoir of the power steering system of the GAZ-33081

8.6. Checking the brake fluid level in the clutch master cylinder reservoir

The level of the brake fluid in the reservoir of the clutch master cylinder should be 15–20 mm below the upper edge of the reservoir (Fig. 8.8).

Figure: 8.8. Checking the fluid level in the clutch master cylinder reservoir:

1 - working cylinder; 2 - tank; 3 - cover; 4 - capacity

8.7. Checking the brake fluid level in the two-piece brake control reservoir

The brake fluid level in the two-piece brake control reservoir must be 15–20 mm below the upper edge of the reservoir.

8.8. Tensioning the accessory drive belts

8.8.1. Diesel Engines

The fan belt tension is checked by pressing the middle of the branch between the crankshaft and alternator pulleys with a force of 4.0 daN (4.0 kgf), while the deflection value should be within 12–17 mm. To adjust the belt tension, loosen the generator mount, turn it and tighten the belt.

Tighten the rail mounting bolt and the alternator mounting bolt nuts. The belt tension is considered normal if its deflection on the branches of the crankshaft pulley - alternator pulley (Fig. 8.9) is within 12-17 mm when pressed with a force of 4.0 daN (4.0 kgf).

Figure: 8.9. Checking the fan belt tension

8.8.2. ZMZ-5231 engine

The tension of the belts is controlled by a spring dynamometer. The belt is tensioned correctly if at a load of 4.0 daN (4.0 kgf) in the middle of the section between the pulleys of the generator and the fan, the belt deflection will be within 10-15 mm.

8.9. Wheel and tire care

During the operation of the car, it is necessary to timely tighten the wheel nuts in order to avoid breaking the mounting holes, remove rust from the wheels and make them tint.

To ensure the longest tire life, the following guidelines should be followed:

Maintain the required tire pressure. The pressure is checked on cold tires before driving. At stops along the way, you should inspect the tires and visually check the air pressure in them. Do not drive with reduced tire pressure, even for short distances. Do not reduce the pressure in heated tires by letting air out of them, since an increase in pressure during driving is inevitable due to heating of the air in the tires;

Balance the wheels. At the factory, complete tires and wheels are dynamically balanced using weights on both sides of the rim flanges. Checking and balancing wheels with tires should be done at a special stand. The imbalance of a wheel with a tire should not exceed 40 g / m;

When returning from a trip and at stops, you should inspect the tires and remove foreign objects from them. The vehicle should be parked in a clean and dry place. Do not allow oil, gasoline, oil paint to come into contact with tires;

Do not allow the car to park on flat tires;

Rearrangement of wheels (Fig. 8.10) should be done as needed.

Figure: 8.10. Rearrangement of wheels

The reason for rearranging the wheels may be the need to obtain uniform wear of all tires, including the spare, as well as to ensure the correct selection of tires along the axles. The axle should be fitted with tires that have the same tread wear, with more reliable tires installed on the front axle of the vehicle.

The limiting degree of tire tread wear corresponds to a residual groove depth of 1.6 mm, which is determined by measurement or by wear indicators. The wear indicators, which are 1.6 mm high in the form of continuous rubber strips, are located in the tread belts and are marked on the tire sidewalls with TW1 badges.

When using tires, it is necessary to be guided by the "Rules for the operation of automobile tires" (edition 2004).

8.10. Changing wheels

Replace the wheel in the following order:

• brake the car with a parking brake;
• put stops under the wheels on the side opposite to the wheel being removed;
• loosen the six nuts of the wheel to be removed;
• put the jack (Fig. 8.11) under the front or rear axle beam near the wheel to be removed and unscrew the screw 2 by hand until it stops in the axle beam. When lifting the wheel under the base of the jack, it is recommended to put a bar or board;
• turn the locking needle 7 all the way to the right (clockwise), insert the knob into the lever 5 and swing the knob to lift the car so that the removed wheel comes off the surface by 4–5 mm.

Figure: 8.11. Jack:

1 - head; 2 - screw; 3 and 4 - working plungers; 5 - lever; 6 - delivery plunger; 7 - locking needle; 8 - cork

In case of failure of the jack to lift, make a few swings with the crank with the open locking needle 7 to remove air that could get into the working cavity of the jack.

The limitation of the plunger lift is mechanical, with an increase in the effort on the lever at the end of the lift

• stop lifting;
• unscrew the six wheel nuts, change the wheel and tighten the nuts;
• lower the car from the jack, slowly opening the shut-off needle 7, turning it to the left (counterclockwise);
• tighten the six wheel nuts and remove the wedges;
• bring the air pressure in the tires to normal.

When using and storing the jack, observe the following rules:

1. To stabilize the car, place stops under the wheels of the opposite side and brake with the parking brake.
2. It is forbidden to carry out any work under the vehicle, which is raised on a jack.
   To carry out adjustment and installation and dismantling work, raise the car with a jack and lower it onto the stands.
3. When storing the jack, the screw must be turned in, the working and delivery plungers lowered, and the shut-off needle turned off 1-2 turns.
4. Fill the jack with clean filtered NMGZ-S or MGE-10A oil to the level of the filling hole.

At ambient temperatures up to minus 40 ° C, transformer oil may be used.

It is prohibited to use other oils and fluids, including brake fluids.

It is necessary to eliminate jack malfunctions in a timely manner. Oil seepage in the plungers and the check needle is eliminated by tightening the packing nuts. Oil leakage into the joints of the body parts is eliminated by tightening the body head. When the oil seals are worn out, they should be replaced.

The failure of the jack occurs due to the presence of air in the working cavity or due to sinking valves. To eliminate the malfunction, it is necessary to lightly knock on the discharge plunger lever several times and continue lifting. To avoid air entering the working cavity of the jack, do not lift the working plunger by hand when the needle is closed.

Incomplete lifting of the working plunger of the jack occurs due to a lack of oil. It is necessary to periodically check the amount of oil in the jack and add when it is low. The oil level should be up to the filler hole closed by the plug 8.

Failure to work, except for the indicated reasons, may be caused by dirt getting inside the jack. To clean the dirt, it is necessary to fill in clean kerosene instead of oil and pump the jack with the shut-off needle unscrewed, then remove the kerosene and fill in the oil.

8.11. Cab care

The car cab is made of modern materials and protected from corrosion by high quality protective materials. An automotive coating system consists of several layers:

• cataphoretic primer;
• top enamel in various colors (melamine alkyd based or two-layer acrylic-based system - base enamel plus varnish).

For anticorrosive protection and for protection against abrasive wear on the cab bottom, wheel arches, floor thresholds, hot-dried plastisol mastic is applied over a cataphoresis primer.

The basis for the longevity of the cab was laid by the manufacturer. However, the preservation of the necessary protective and decorative properties of coatings depends on proper care, climatic conditions, the ecological state of the environment and the storage conditions of the vehicle.

During the operation of the car, constant preventive maintenance of the cab paint and varnish coating is required, which consists in timely and correct washing, in the treatment with polishing agents, as well as in the timely touch-up of damaged areas.

To avoid damage to the cab paintwork, wash it as soon as possible:

• after rain to prevent the aggressive effects of acid precipitation;
• after driving on roads sprinkled with salt;
• when contaminants such as soot, sap emitted by tree leaves, bird droppings containing chemically active substances that change the color of the decorative coating and cause enamel flaking on the coating;
• when deposits of dust and dirt appear.

In summer, the car should be washed outdoors in the shade. If this is not possible, then it is necessary to immediately wipe the washed surfaces dry, since when the water drops dry in the sun, stains form on the painted surface. It is not recommended to wash your car in the cold.

The car should be washed with a soft sponge and car shampoos. After washing, rinse the vehicle thoroughly with plenty of clean water. It is recommended to wipe the washed surfaces dry with a soft cloth (flannel). It must be remembered that the flanges of doors, hood, trunk lid, engine compartment connections, door openings, welds are particularly susceptible to the aggressive effects of salt compounds used to combat icing. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly clean these places from various contaminants, since the accumulated dirt leads to the destruction of the protective and decorative coating and to metal corrosion. Traces of corrosion on hemming and welded joints are of a superficial nature and can be removed with polishing pastes at the initial stage.

If in the region where the car is operated, salt formulations are used to treat the roads, then it is necessary to regularly wash the bottom of the cab. This will prevent the formation of sludge and salt deposits and corrosion damage to the cab floor and chassis parts. In addition, during the operation of the car, the coating of the bottom of the cab is exposed to gravel, sand, therefore, at the beginning and at the end of the autumn-winter period, it is necessary to check the condition of the bottom and, if necessary, put in order the damaged areas on the bottom of the cab.

Regularly polishing the cab with polishing materials helps protect the paintwork and helps preserve its decorative properties (especially for vehicles stored outdoors). Before polishing, the painted surface should be thoroughly rinsed with water and wiped dry. Polish according to the manufacturer's instructions for the specific polishing agent. It is forbidden to use aggressive cleaners and other substances when polishing, which can damage the paintwork of the cab.

Store your vehicle in a garage or under a shed. When the car is stored for a long time in an open parking lot, a defect "surface inclusions of iron-containing particles in the paint film" may appear on the paintwork. The specified defect is caused by particles of iron and its oxides, falling on the painted surface of the car together with atmospheric dust. The defect is superficial and does not damage the integrity of the coating. The specified defect is eliminated by polishing using grinding and polishing pastes.

If bitumen gets on the surface of the cabin, it is necessary to immediately remove it with white spirit or an auto-cleaner of bitumen stains, as bitumen causes yellowing of the light coating.

Engine and transmission oils, brake fluid, acid, alkali, soda solution and other corrosive liquids also have a negative effect on the paintwork. To remove such contamination, rinse the contaminated area with water. In case of incomplete removal of contamination, special products should be used, which can be purchased at an automotive accessories store.

If mechanical damage is found to the cab paintwork (chips, scratches), the coating must be restored. If measures are not taken in a timely manner to eliminate operational defects, this will lead to the development of underfilm corrosion with subsequent peeling of the paintwork.

To ensure the durability of the cab, it is recommended during operation to carry out additional protection against corrosion of its hidden cavities with a frequency depending on the operating conditions, but at least once every two years. In this case, it is necessary to restore the protective coating of the hidden cavities of the cab at service stations using auto preservatives such as "WAXOYL AG" or "Mercasol", according to the instructions attached to the preservatives.

8.12. Types of vehicle maintenance

To ensure good technical condition and constant readiness of the car for work, as well as to eliminate the causes that accelerate the wear of its parts, it is necessary to use the recommended fuel, oil, lubricants and fluids of the proper quality and to fulfill all the requirements of the car's maintenance.

Completion of the full scope of operations for all types of maintenance in time and timely elimination of faults ensure traffic safety, significantly reduce the consumption of spare parts, reduce the cost of maintenance and increase the service life of the vehicle.

Since maintenance work is preventive, it must be done on time and must be done. Maintenance should be carried out in conditions that exclude the ingress of dirt and dust into the vehicle components and assemblies.

The following types of maintenance are installed:

daily service (EO);

first maintenance (TO-1) - after 5000 km of run;

second maintenance (TO-2) - after 20,000 km;

seasonal maintenance (SO).

Seasonal maintenance is performed once a year, in conjunction with the next work on TO-1 or TO-2.

The frequency of the first and second maintenance is set depending on the following vehicle operating conditions.

Category. operating conditions	Car working conditions	Maintenance frequency, km
		TO-1	TO-2
1	2	3	4
I	1. Highways of I, II, III technical categories outside the suburban area on flat, slightly hilly and hilly terrain, with cement concrete and asphalt concrete pavements.	5000	20000
II	1. Highways of I, II, III technical categories outside the suburban area in mountainous terrain, as well as in small towns and in the suburban area (in all types of relief, except for mountain), with cement concrete and asphalt concrete pavements. all types of relief, except for mountainous), as well as in small towns and suburban areas on flat terrain with a coating of bitumen-mineral mixtures. 3. Highways of III, IV technical categories outside the suburban area, having crushed stone and gravel surfaces in all types of relief, except for mountainous and mountainous.	4500	18000
III	1. Highways of I, II, III technical categories outside the suburban area, highways in small towns and in the suburban area (mountainous terrain), as well as in big cities, having cement concrete and asphalt concrete pavements. 2. Highways of I, II, III technical categories outside the suburban area (mountainous terrain), highways in small towns and in the suburban area (in all types of relief, except flat), as well as in large cities (in all types of relief, except for mountain), having coatings of bitumen-mineral mixtures. 3. Highways of III, IV technical categories outside the suburban area in mountainous and mountainous terrain, highways in the suburban area and streets of small towns, streets of large cities (all types of relief, except for mountainous and mountainous), with crushed stone and gravel surfaces. 4. Highways of III, IV, V technical categories outside the suburban area, highways in the suburban area and streets of small towns, streets of large cities (flat terrain), covered with cobblestone and crushed stone, as well as coverings from soils treated with binders materials. 5. Intra-plant highways with improved coverage. 6. Winter roads.	4000	16000
IV	1. Streets of large cities with coatings of bitumen-mineral mixtures (mountainous area), crushed stone and gravel coverings (mountainous and mountainous areas), coverings of cobblestone and crushed stone and from soils treated with binders (all types of relief, except for plain) materials. 2. Motor roads of the V technical category outside the suburban area, motor roads in the suburban area and streets of small towns (flat terrain), which have unpaved unreinforced or reinforced with local materials. 3. Timber and forestry dirt roads in good condition.	3500	14000
V	1. Natural dirt roads, on-farm roads in rural areas, intra-quarry and dump roads, temporary access roads to various construction sites and places of extraction of sand, clay, stone, etc. during periods when traffic is possible there.	3000	12000

Symbol for maintenance intervals:

service "+" - at each maintenance;

"++" - through one MOT;

"+++" - after two TO.

8.13. Maintenance work

8.13.1. Daily Maintenance (EO)

The content of work and the methodology for their implementation	Technical requirements	Tools and accessories
1	2	3
Control inspection before departure
Check the oil level in the engine crankcase, top up if necessary	The oil level should be between the O and P marks of the bar indicator, closer to the P mark	Funnel, engine oil
Check for liquid in the cooling system. Add coolant to the expansion tank if necessary	The coolant level in the expansion tank must be at the "MIN" mark or 30 mm higher
Check for fluid in the two-piece brake control reservoir	The warning lamp of an emergency drop in the level of brake fluid should not light up	On the indicator on the instrument panel
Check for fluid in the clutch master cylinder reservoir	The brake fluid level in the reservoir must be 15–20 mm below the upper edge of the reservoir
Check the tire pressure, if necessary, bring it to normal. Check the pressure on cold tires with the neutral position of the handle of the tire pressure control valve and open wheel valves of the front and rear wheels	Tire pressure - in accordance with section 4 "Technical characteristics"	According to the pressure gauge on the instrument panel
Check engine operation and serviceability of its systems. Start the engine and warm it up to a coolant temperature of 40-50 ° C, press the throttle pedal several times (for GAZ-3308) or the fuel control pedal (for GAZ-33081)	The engine should run stably at idle speed, it should be easy to switch from low speed to high speed. There should be no interruptions, knocks and extraneous noise. The oil pressure at idle speed should not exceed 0.1 MPa (1 kgf / cm 2) (the oil pressure warning lamp should be off)	By ear and by instrument on the dashboard
Check the oil level in the power steering reservoir	The oil level in the power steering tank on a GAZ-33081 car must be between the MAX and MIN marks printed on the tank body (for a plastic tank) or 0-5 mm above the mesh filter (for a metal tank); on a GAZ-3308 car, add oil to the tank to the filter mesh 3 (see Fig. 8.6) when the engine is idling	Funnel
Check the serviceability of the drive and the action of the parking brake system	The drive lever should be moved by no more than 10-15 teeth (controlled by clicks) when applying a maximum force of 60 daN (60 kgf)
Check the serviceability of the service brake system. The check is carried out at an air pressure in the cylinders not lower than 6.0 kgf / cm 2	The warning lamp of the emergency brake fluid level and brake malfunction should not light up	Visually
Check the operation of light signals, washer and wiper, sound signal	With the engine running, make sure that the devices are in good working order by sequentially turning them on.
Car care after returning from a trip
Clean the vehicle and, if necessary, wash it. Clean the cab and platform. At the front of the floor, where the bolt heads of the front cab attachment points are located, there are two 8 mm holes for draining water from the cab floor. When cleaning the cab, if necessary, they must be cleaned. If the floor of the cab under the mat is damp, then wipe it with a dry cloth, and wrap the mat to the side to dry the floor.	When washing inside the cab, it is necessary to ensure that water does not get on switches and devices located on the panel. After washing, thoroughly wipe down electrical equipment, especially insulating parts. After washing the engine, it is recommended to blow it with compressed air.	Water, rags, compressed air
Check tire condition	There must be no foreign objects on the tires
Switch off the battery with the disconnect switch

8.13.2. Periodic maintenance (TO-1, TO-2, SO)

Periodic maintenance work is listed in the service book attached to the vehicle.

8.13.3. Refueling vehicles with fuels and lubricants and special liquids

2. It is prohibited to use other brands of fuels and lubricants and liquids, except for those specified in subsection 8.13.4.

3. Before making lubrication, you need to remove dirt from the grease fittings and plugs to avoid its penetration into the mechanisms of the car.

4. Lubricate with a syringe until fresh grease appears from the joints of the parts of the unit being lubricated.

5. When changing the engine oil to oil of another brand or company, it is recommended to flush the lubrication system with flushing oil.

Mixing (topping up) of engine oils of different brands and companies is prohibited.

8.13.4. Car refueling map with fuels and lubricants and special liquids

Table 1

Lubrication point name	Amount of points		Lubricant quantity	Grease name	Application temperature range
1	2		3	4	5
Fuel tank GAZ-3308	2		210 l	See table 3
Fuel tank GAZ-33081	1		105 l	Diesel fuel:
				Brand L - 40	Above 0 ° C
				Grade 3 - 35	0 to minus 20 °
				Grade 3 - 45	0 to minus 30 °
				Grade A	Below minus 30 ° С
Crankcase of the ZMZ-5231 engine	1		10 l	See table 2
Diesel engine crankcase	1		12 l	Motor oils "Lukoil-Avangard" SAE15W-40APICF-4	Up to minus 15 ° С
				Lukoil-Super SAE 5W-40	Up to minus 30 ° С
				Duplicate motor oils:
				Oil M-10 G 2 k	Summer
				M-8G 2 k	Up to minus 10 ° С
				Motor oils SAE 5W-40 API CF-4, CF-4 / SG	All-weather up to minus 25 ° С
Ignition distributor sensor rotor bushing (GAZ-3308)	1		4-5 drops	Engine oil
Water pump bearings (GAZ-3308)	1		15 g	Grease "Litol-24", "LITA"	All season
Clutch release bearing (GAZ-3308)	1		20 g	Grease "Litol-24", "LITA"	All season
Carters:				Transmission oils:	Above minus 30 ° С
Gearboxes without PTO	1		6 l	TSp-15K, TAP-15V, "Super T-3" (TM-5), "Devon
Gearboxes with PTO	1		7L	"Super T", "Lukoil TM-5"
transfer case	1		1,6l	SAE 85W-90	Below minus 30 ° С
				Transmission oil TSZ-9GIP or mixture of TSp-15K or TAP-15V or "Super T-3" (TM-5) or "Devon Super T" or "Lukoil TM-5" SAE 85W-90 oil with 10–20% diesel winter or arctic fuel Transmission oil "Lukoil TM-5" SAE 75W-90	From minus 40 ° С to plus 25 ° С
Cardan shaft joints	6		96 g	Grease No. 158 M	All season
Splined joint of the propeller shaft	3		600 g	Lubricants solidol Zh, salt-dol C, "Litol-24"	All season
Shock absorbers	4		4 × 0.55 \u003d 2.2 l	АЖ-12Т, spindle oil АУ	All season
Carters:
front axle;	1		7.7 l	Transmission oils:	Above minus 30 ° С
rear axle	1		6.4 l	"Super T-3" (TM-5), "Devon Super T", "Lukoil TM-5" *, TAD-17I SAE 85W-90
				Transmission oil TSz-9 hyp or a mixture of Super T-3 (TM-5) or Devon Super T or Lukoil TM-5, TAD-17I SAE 85W-90 with 10–20% diesel winter or arctic fuel	Below minus 30 ° С
				Transmission oil "Lukoil TM-5" SAE 75W-90	From minus 40 ° С to plus 25 ° С
Knuckle pivot bearings	2		60 g	Litol-24 grease, LITA	All season
Front drive axle steering knuckles	2		1000 g	Litol-24 grease, LITA	All season
Front and rear wheel bearings	4		800 g	Litol-24 grease, LITA	All season
Sealing device gland blocks	4		80 g	Litol-24 grease, LITA	All season
Steering gear housing	1		0.55-0.6 l	Transmission oils: "Super T-3" (TM-5), "Devon Super T" "Lukoil-TM5", TAD-17ISAE 75W-90	All season
Cardan joints of the steering drive	4		7 g		All season
Tie rod joints	2		8 g	Litol-24 grease, LITA	All season
Tie rod joints	2		30 g	Litol-24 grease, LITA	All season
Power steering cylinder joint	1		5 g	Litol-24 grease, LITA	All season
Power steering	1		1.8 L (GAZ-3308)	Oil grade P	From minus 35 ° С to plus 45 ° С
			2.1L (GAZ-33081)	Oil grade A, grade AUP	Above minus 25 ° С
				VMGZ oil	Below minus 35 ° С
Parking brake expander ball joint	1		5 g	Litol-24, LITA	All season
Pneumohydraulic brake drive	1		1,0 l	Brake fluid "ROSDOT", "Tom" of class III grade A	All season
Refill reservoir for hydraulic clutch	1		0.25 l	Brake fluid "ROSDOT", duplicate fluid "Tom" of class III grade A	All season
Air ventilation filters (GAZ-38081) fuel tank	2		0.1 l	Engine oil	All season
Battery terminals - GAZ-3308 (accumulator batteries - GAZ-33081)	2 (GAZ-3308)		10 g	Gun lubricant PVC or grease	All season
	4 (GAZ-33081)		20 g
Door hinges	4		80 g	Litol-24 greases, LITA	All season
Cooling system of the car engine GAZ-33081	1			Cooling liquids ОЖ-40 "Lena", TOSOL-А40М,	Above minus 40 ° С
				Cool Stream Standard 40, Termosol A-40 OZh-65 Lena, TOSOL-A65M, Cool Stream Standard 65, Termosol A-65	Below min 40 ° C
- with pre-heater			25.5 l
- without pre-heater			24 l
Cooling system of the car engine GAZ-33081:	1			Cooling liquids: OZh-40 "Lena", TOSOL-A40M, "Cool Stream Standard 40", "Termosol" brand A-40	Above minus 40 ° С
				ОЖ-65 "Lena", TOSOL-A65M, "Cool Stream Standard 65", "Termosol" brand A-65	Below minus 40 ° С
- with pre-heater-heater -			17 l
- without preheater-heater			16 l
Winch gearbox housing *	1		0.8 l	MT-16P oil	All season
Winch drive cardan shafts *	4		0.05 l	Gearbox oil	All season
Winch drum shaft splines *	1		0.04 l	Engine oil	All season
Winch drum shaft *	1		35 g	Litol-24 grease, solid oil C, solid oil Zh	All season
Winch cable guide rollers *	2		25 g	Litol-24 grease, solid oil C, solid oil Zh	All season
Winch propeller shaft sliding forks *	2	40 g		Litol-24 grease	All season
Winch block *	1	40 g		Graphite grease USSA, grease grease Zh, grease C	All season

* For vehicles with a winch

table 2

Engine oils with higher performance properties are allowed for use:

Viscosity grade: SAE 15W-30; SAE 15W-40; SAE 10W-30; SAE 10W-40; SAE 5W-30; SAE 5W-40 - and operational properties - БЗ or БЗ / Д1 according to STO AAI 003–98 and SF or SF / CC, SG or SG / CD according to API.

Gasolines used in the car

Table 3

When using backup gasoline, an increase in the ignition timing by 4 ° along the crankshaft is required.

8.14. Items that are replaceable on the car during its maintenance

8.14.1. GAZ-33081 car

When servicing the car, the following items must be replaced:

Filter designation - FT020-1117010.

Maintenance of the fine fuel filter consists in periodically draining the sediment.

To drain the sludge, unscrew the filter plug and drain the sludge until clean fuel appears, then screw the plug.

To remove air, you must:

• unscrew the plug 3 (Fig. 8.12) on the fuel pump housing and unscrew the fitting 1 on the fine fuel filter by 1–2 turns;
• bleed the system using the booster pump 2, when fuel appears, screw first the union 1, then the plug 3.

Figure: 8.12. Removing air from the fuel supply system:

1 - fitting; 2 - booster pump; 3 - plug

The element designation is 4301-1109013-10 or 4301.1109013-20.

3. Non-separable oil filter.

The filter designation is FM009-1012005.

When installing the filter on the housing, lubricate the rubber gasket with engine oil and screw the filter onto the housing.

After the gasket touches the housing, turn the filter another 3/4 turn. Install the filter by hand only.

Instead of the FM009-1012005 filter, it is allowed to install replacement filters X149 by ACDelco (France) and L37198 by Purolator (Italy) with the following dimensions:

• in diameter - 92–96 mm;
• in height - 140–153 mm;
• on the landing thread ¾ -16UNF.

4. Filter element 4310–3407359–10 of the SHNKF 453473.300 power steering tank (for a metal tank). When installing a plastic non-separable tank YMZ.993.003 of the power steering system, the tank is replaced as an assembly.

5. Filtering element of the dryer II 40 100 F from KNORR-BREMSE.

8.14.2. GAZ-3308 car

1. Non-separable fuel fine filter.

The filter designation is 2108-1117010-033.

When installing the filter, make sure that the arrow on the filter housing coincides with the direction of fuel flow.

The filter does not require maintenance.

2. Air filter element.

The designations of the filter element are as follows: 3102-1109013-02, -03, -04, -05, -06, -08, -09, -10, 31029-1109013, 31029-1109013-01, -02, -03 or 18.35. 04 / 20.00.00 or B 4202 or GB-99.

3. The oil filter (Fig. 8.13) is full-flow, with a replaceable filtering element "Regotmas 440A-1–06" or "Regotmas 440A-1–0.5".

The filter element must be replaced every time the engine oil is changed.

Figure: 8.13. Oil filter:

1 - filter housing (upper part); 2 - spring; 3 - support washer; 4 - a sealing ring; 5 - rigidity ring; 6 - filter element; 7 - a tube of the filter housing; 8 - plug of the bypass valve; 9 - bypass valve gasket; 10 - filter housing gasket; 11 - bypass valve ball; 12 - rod of the oil filter; 13 - gasket of the filter element; 14 - filter housing (lower part); 15 - filter gasket; 16 - filter spacer; 17 - washer; 18 - connecting nut; 19 - spacer gasket; 20 - connecting fitting; 21 - sealing gasket; 22 - sealing ring

This requires:

unscrew the filter with your hands at its top. In case of jamming, it is allowed to unscrew the filter with a 30 mm wrench at the hexagon on the upper part of the housing 1;

take measures to prevent oil from entering the engine;

protect the oil cavity of the spacer 16 from possible contamination by covering it from above with a clean cloth;

carefully unscrew the nut 18 on the connecting oil supply rod 12, drain the oil from the filter housing;

disconnect sections 1 and 14 and replace filtering element 5;

check the presence and correct installation of sealing parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 13 and washer 17 according to Fig. 8.13, connect the sections and secure with nut 18.

It is necessary to monitor the condition of the upper rubber sealing ring 4 and replace it if it loses elasticity and deformation.

Otherwise, unfiltered oil will flow to the crankshaft bearings;

• lubricate the gasket 15 with engine oil, put the filter on the engine, wrap it up by hand until the gasket 15 starts to compress and turn it 0.5-1 turn;
• start up the engine. If there are oil leaks when the engine is running at increased speed, turn the filter by hand for several minutes. Wrench tightening is not permitted.

Warning.

1. It is not permissible to loose or tighten the nipple nuts of the full-flow filter tubes together with the adapter nipple. In this case, it is necessary to pre-fix the latter with a key.
2. The filter element in operation must be replaced immediately when a characteristic whistle appears from the activated bypass valve in the spacer 16 when the engine is running.
3. It is forbidden to use the filter elements of KAMAZ vehicles, because due to their greater height (by 10 mm) they rest against the upper part of the filter housing and do not allow oil to pass through.

This car, which rolled off the assembly line of the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1996, became the answer to the demands of the industry in an all-wheel drive off-road vehicle that would have a modern level of operational comfort.

Previously, this niche was occupied by the legendary GAZ-66, but, being developed back in 1964, this all-terrain vehicle ceased to meet the modern requirements of civilian and military consumers. GAZ Sadko kept all the best for himself, for which his predecessor of the latest modification GAZ 66-40 was famous, namely:

• transmission;
• transfer case;
• bridges and wheels;
• cargo platform.

The cab, control and frame of the new car inherited from the GAZ 3309 model, as a result of which the Gorky manufacturer achieved good compatibility in terms of components and parts with other medium-tonnage models of its production. Initially, the new brainchild was assigned the production index GAZ 33097, but in December 1997 this car received its own name "Sadko", as well as the industry index 3308.

Sadko's car has three main versions:

• Standard - equipped with 12R18 single-sided tires, carrying capacity - 2 tons.
• Military - is distinguished by single-sided tires of size 12R20, equipped with a system of support and regulation of air pressure, with a lifting capacity of 2.3 tons, and a winch.
• Civil - equipped with 8.25R20 dual-slope tires, carrying capacity - 4 tons.

Main technical characteristics of engines

The Sadko all-terrain vehicle is equipped with both a gasoline and a diesel power unit. The first engines are ZMZ-513 or ZMZ-5233. Both engines are liquid-cooled carburetor.

The GAZ-33081 modification is equipped with a Belarusian-made MMZ D-245.7 turbocharged diesel engine.

Initially, this unit met the Euro-2 environmental standards, but after modernization, this engine began to meet the strict Euro-4 environmental standard (since 2013). Its main parameters:

• Number of cylinders - 4 in a row
• Rated power - 117 HP (V \u003d 4.75 l)
• Turbocharging
• Compression degree - 15.1
• Fuel consumption (60 km / h) - 16 l / 100 km
• Maximum travel speed - 90 km / h

Another of the modifications of the diesel "Sadko" is the GAZ-33088, which is equipped with a YMZ-53442 turbocharged engine. The peculiarity of this engine is that with a volume of 4.43 liters, it is capable of developing 135 hp.

Also worth noting is the early modification of the GAZ-33082, which was equipped with the GAZ-562 turbodiesel engine produced under Steyr's license. With a volume of 3.13 liters, this unit developed a power of 150 hp.

Basic performance characteristics

For all modifications of this model, a 5-speed synchronized manual transmission is used. The exception is the GAZ 3308-50 / 52 modifications, in which the ZMZ-513 engine serves as the power unit.

For them, a 4-speed mechanics is used. To overcome difficult areas, a 2-stage transfer case is provided to reduce the gear speed from the engine to the transmission without losing power.

The inter-wheel limited slip differential was inherited by this car from the GAZ 66 car. It is it that, together with the transmission, ensures high off-road capability. Just what is the ability of GAZ-3308 Sadko to easily overcome inclines up to 31 degrees to the horizon. Also noteworthy is the clearance, which is 315 mm for the standard configuration, and 335 mm for military equipment (the increase is achieved by installing wheels with a larger radius).

For comfortable control of the machine, a hydraulic power steering is provided. With a vehicle length of 6.25 m, its full turning radius is 11 m. The brake system is drum-type for the front and rear wheels, has two circuits, a hydraulic vacuum booster and a brake force redistribution system.

Application of the "Sadko" car

In addition to the military purpose, which was the main one when creating a prototype of equipment with high cross-country ability, this machine received well-deserved recognition in many areas of economic activity.

For example, the GAZ Sadko Eger modification, thanks to the all-metal double 4-door cab, is capable of accommodating 5 more passengers in addition to the driver, and the carrying capacity of the body is 1.5 tons. This allows the car to be used by hunting farms, or organizations serving electric mains and gas pipelines in hard-to-reach places. Using it, you can quickly and easily deliver a team of repairmen and all the necessary tools to the accident site.

Also, on the basis of GAZ-33081, an off-road vehicle with an American LaFrance superstructure was created, the main task of which is to patrol forests and extinguish forest fires. This machine is equipped with a 1000L reinforced plastic water tank, which is paired with a high-pressure pump for a long run without refueling.

Summing up, we can say with confidence that GAZ 3308 "Sadko" has established itself as an excellent off-road vehicle for any season and type of terrain, and has also become a worthy successor to the glorious traditions of "Shishigi" (GAZ 66).

Technical characteristics of GAZ Sadko:

Automobile model	GAZ-33081 (with diesel engine)	GAZ-3308 (with ZMZ-5231 engine)
Vehicle type	Two-axle cargo, with a drive on both axles
Carrying capacity, kg	2000
Gross vehicle weight, kg	6300	5950
Vehicle curb weight (without additional equipment), kg	4065	3710
Overall dimensions, mm:
- length	6250
- width (on the platform)	2340
- height (in the cabin without load)	2570
- height (on the awning without load)	2780
Base, mm	3770
Front wheel track, mm	1820
Rear wheel track, mm	1770
Vehicle ground clearance, mm	315
Turning radius of the vehicle along the axis of the track of the front outer wheel, m	11
The highest speed with full load, without a trailer, on horizontal sections of a flat highway, km / h	85 90-95
Fuel consumption when driving at a constant speed, l / 100 km
- 40 km / h	13,5	-
- 60 km / h	17	22
Overhang angle (with full load), °:
- front	48
- rear	32
The greatest angle of ascent overcome by the car with the full mass of the car, °, not less	31
The depth of the ford to be overcome on a hard bottom, no more, m	1,0
Loading height, mm	1360

Attempts to start work on a car, which was later named 3308 gas, were back in the late 80s of the last century. The fact is that the famous one had been produced by that time for about 30 years and, with all its advantages, had time to become pretty outdated. Yes, and the military had complaints about it - for example, the cabover layout, which is much more dangerous for the crew when a mine explodes under the front wheel of the car.

It looks like a classic car Gaz 3308

Repairing a car with a cab above the engine is more difficult than with a separate hood due to the difficulty of accessing the engine.

The armed forces have significantly reduced the volume of purchases of equipment, and had to focus on the civilian consumer. The design was complicated by the poor and turbulent 90s. The plant almost went bankrupt at all, but was able to stay afloat. In 1995, GAZ presented the first prototype of a new car under the index. Two years later, the serial (or rather, small-scale) production of the novelty started.

Military Gas 3309P

The designation was brought into line with the standard, and in addition, the car received the name Sadko, which later took root among the people. Thanks primarily to the impressive ground clearance, the car looks impressive. It is not for nothing that wallpapers with her photographs are often put on the desktop even by those who are cool about Russian technology.

Engine and transmission

The basic version still received an eight-cylinder V-shaped, like the one that was equipped with its predecessor. The manufacturer also did not change - the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant remained it. But the index of the unit is ZMZ-5231.10, and not ZMZ-66-06. The working volume increased from 4.25 to 4.67 liters, and the power was raised by 10 horsepower - up to 130. But the truck needed it - after all, the gasoline engine is very voracious.

Zmz-5231.10 engine for GAZ-3308

This is not a problem for the army, but civilian buyers were forced to “get out” by installing gas equipment. And the diesel engine pulls much better, because 130 "petrol" forces are still not enough for a car with a maximum gross weight of almost 6.5 tons.

Read also

SUV GAZ Sadko Next

Of course, you can install the desired power unit with your own hands (and there were many such options), but the GAZ plant itself established mass production of 3308 trucks with a heavy fuel engine only in 2003. The Minsk turbodiesel MMZ D-245.7 with a working volume of 4.75 liters and a capacity of 112 horsepower was "registered" under the hood. It is also called "tractor", because it was originally intended for a tractor Belarus. But in the absence of other suitable alternatives, it was this MMZ that also chose ZIL for its Bychka.


The engine turned out to be very successful, reliable, unpretentious, inexpensive. Imported motors of this class are much more expensive, and cars with them cannot be supplied to the army. There was, however, an attempt by GAZ to attach Steyr to all of its cars, but it absolutely proved to be too complicated, and its price was much higher than that of the tractor.

Later (in 2005 and 2013, respectively), the Minsk unit was modified to comply with the environmental standards Euro-2, and then Euro-4, otherwise the production of cars with it would have been banned in Russia according to the then changes in legislation.

Since that time, as the modification with a diesel engine went into mass production, it became the main one in the 3308 Sadko range. Its declared fuel consumption in "ideal" conditions is 16.8 l / 100 km.

Overall dimensions of the truck GAZ 3308 Sadko

On real roads, the car consumes more, but, all the same, it is quite economical, given the volume of the fuel tank 105 liters, and "long-range". Those who do not have enough of such a supply of fuel install additional containers, fortunately, there is space for them on the frame.
Compared to the petrol version, the service intervals for the diesel are shorter and the costs are significantly lower.

In 2013, a version with another Russian-made turbodiesel was presented - this is the YaMZ-534. The fact is that the Yaroslavl plant is a part of the GAZ Group, so there is no longer a need to buy engines “on the side”. A lot of money, as well as effort and time were invested in the development of the engine. Austrian partners from AVL List GmbH were invited for this.

This is how the YaMZ-534 engine looks like

The in-line 4-cylinder unit already in the "base" meets the Euro-4 standards by using the exhaust gas recirculation system EGR (without the addition of urea), but the design provides for the possibility of simple modernization under Euro-5 and even Euro-6. Power - 135 hp, but this figure can be changed, including software.

GAZ Group, which has included the Gorky Automobile Plant since 2005, is the largest car manufacturer in Russia. In 1999 the plant started production of a new all-wheel drive truck - the GAZ-3308 Sadko off-road vehicle. This machine was designed to replace the reliable but outdated one. The designers tried to preserve all the best qualities of the old GAZ.

Vehicle specifications

The technical characteristics of the GAZ 3308 car meet modern requirements. At the same time, the car has not lost its cross-country ability, it can be used in off-road conditions. At present, the car plant produces cars using a modular production system, which makes it possible to produce trucks and cars for cargo and passenger transportation on the basis of the same GAZ 3308 chassis.

The vehicle is equipped with a 117-horsepower diesel engine from the Yaroslavl Motor and Minsk Motor Plants, and a gasoline engine from the Zavolzhskiy Motor Plant. Currently, a gasoline engine is more often installed on machines with modular installations.

The 122 l / s carbureted eight-cylinder gasoline engine with a V-shaped arrangement of cylinders with a capacity of 122 l / s in a laden state, according to the owners, does not always withstand the load when climbing uphill. But the engine on the GAZ 3308 diesel is weaker in performance than the gasoline engine. However, if you do not overload the car, it behaves perfectly when transporting goods. The machine is equipped with hydraulic power steering.

The truck is equipped with a balanced two-chamber carburetor with a falling flow, the working mixture is heated by a liquid heater. Variable airflow ensures dry air filter operation. Air circulation in a closed liquid cooling system is forced.

GAZ 3308 has a dry, single-plate friction clutch with a hydraulic drive and pressure peripheral springs for gasoline cars and a diaphragm spring for a diesel engine. Fully synchronized (with the exception of the first and reverse gears) mechanical five-speed gearbox is installed on cars of all modifications. An overdrive is engaged as needed with a separate lever in the driver's cab. Transfer case with direct and low gear, mechanical, with drives for front and rear axles. The brake system (working) with a pneumohydraulic drive is double-circuit, with separate braking of the axles.

The automatic blocking system is equipped with a modulator and a pneumatic booster, each channel has a master brake cylinder. Both circuits of the working system are a reserve brake system. The parking brake has a mechanical transmission.

Two-axle, with a drive on both axles, when equipped with a diesel engine, the vehicle has a gross weight of 6300 kg. If a gasoline engine is installed, the weight of the truck is reduced to 5950 kg. The car has a large mass for a car in its class.

The weight, a special design of the suspension, helps to quickly get out of places where there is no hard surface and dirt prevails. Which, however, does not prevent the GAZ 3308 in some cases from settling into this mud on the front and rear axles, since the vehicle's clearance is only 315 mm. Machine length 6250 mm, outside turning radius 11 meters. The car is able to climb a slope of 310 and a ford of 1 meter and carry up to 2 tons of cargo.

There are a lot of car modifications

On "" a double metal cabin with two doors is installed. About a hundred different modules have been developed for these machines. Most popular are buses for the hunting industry, the gas and oil industries, tank trucks, fire and emergency vehicles.

The platform of a truck with a conventional cab can be metal or wood-metal. It is equipped with arches under the awning; removable grilles can be installed on it. For communication with the cab, the platform is equipped with an audible alarm.

A five-seat cab is mounted on the Gaz 3308 "Huntsman" car with the same simple device as in the base car. The platform is short due to the length of the cab. It is designed to transport various goods. When used for military purposes, for the work of shift workers, such a platform is used for the installation of special technological equipment or residential modules. The carrying capacity of the shortened platform is 1000 kg.

The on-board version of a conventional platform for the carriage of passengers, in order to protect them on the road from injuries and accidents, is equipped with a safety belt installed above the tailgate. Seats for passengers are in-line, mounted along the side walls. A plafond is installed under the awning on one of the arches to illuminate the platform.

The frame of Gaz 3308 and all modifications of this car is stamped, has front side member extensions. Disc wheels with 12.00R single-tire tires and pneumatic air pumping.

The new GAZ 3308 Taiga-VIP, which appeared at the exhibition in 2014, has a high cross-country ability in comparison with the previously released model with an extended base of the "Standard" configuration. The modified seven-seater cabin of the new car allows it to be used with modules for various purposes, equipped with additional tools in hunting farms, oil and gas production enterprises, taiga fishing and hunting trips.

A ladder is installed on the van of the new car, allowing you to climb to the roof, where you can additionally install a luggage rack for transporting light, but bulky cargo. They are loaded onto the roof using a crane-beam. The machine has two winches in its configuration, one from the old GAZ-66. On GAZ 3308 "Taiga" a diesel generator is installed in a separate compartment, wiring is made in the van for the operation of electrical devices, lighting and sockets are installed, a separate electrical circuit for the cab and the van. The living module is heated by an autonomous liquid heater, and a weapon cabinet is provided in the sleeping compartment of the van.

A dumping unit with the possibility of three-way unloading and loading is mounted on the GAZ 3308 base. The carrying capacity of such a car is 4500 kg, the gross vehicle weight is 8180 kg. For a dump truck with an electric lift, the car was changed into 8.25-R 20 tires, the wheel formula remained the same. The GAZ 3308 dump truck is equipped with a 122-horsepower four-cylinder four-cylinder diesel engine with a fuel consumption of 22 l / 100 km.

An engine preheater is an additional option, installed upon the customer's request. Engines of the latest models comply with the Euro-4 environmental class, have a resource of 500 thousand km. Spare parts for GAZ 3308 are always on sale, the price of maintenance and repair of a car allows small and medium businesses to use it in various climatic conditions.

Cars of this GAZ model range on the primary market can be purchased in the range from 900,000 to 2,000,000 rubles.