22. Breakdown of the lot.

Manual lot - serves to determine the depth under the keel of the vessel up to 50 m. Measurements are made only when the vessel is completely stopped. Tench is made from plant or synthetic materials. One end of the line is attached to the turntable on which it is wound, and the other to the recess. The deepener is made of lead. Weight 5 kg, a recess is made at the base of the deepener, melted lard or fat is tamped there before measurement, after measurement, soil sticks to the bottom, which determines which soil is under the vessel. Every tens of meters are broken by rag inserts in the line: red - 10 m, blue - 20 m, white - 30 m, yellow - 40 m, white-red - 50 m.

Time service.

The third mate organizes and supervises the time service on board and is directly responsible for the safety and correct operation chronometers, deck, nautical clocks and stopwatches.

The third mate is responsible for monitoring the operation of the electronic time system, as well as supervising the checking of the marine clock in the ship's premises. The nautical clock in the living quarters of the vessel is in charge of the crew members.

The ship time service provides:

Watch and crew at the same exact time;

Regular reception of radio signals of the exact time to determine the corrections and daily variation of chronometers and deck clocks, check the clock and the electronic system of the exact time;

Chronometer correction logging;

Checking all marine watches;

Timely delivery of chronometers, deck and marine clocks to ERNK for cleaning, repair and inspection.

When a ship moves from one time zone to another, at the direction of the master, his third mate must set the clock forward when the ship is moving eastward or backward when the ship is moving westward.

When crossing the date line at the nearest midnight, the date changes: if the ship is heading eastward, the previous date is repeated; if the ship is heading west, one day is skipped.

Noun., M., Uptr. cf. often Morphology: (no) what? steering, why? steering wheel, (see) what? steering wheel than? driving, about what? about the steering wheel; pl. what? rudders, (no) what? rudders, what? rudders, (see) what? rudders, what? rudders, about what? about rudders 1. A rudder is a device for ... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

"STEERING WHEEL ON BOARD" - (Helm hard over, hard a starboard, hard a port) an order to the helmsman to put the rudder to the right or left (depending on the command given) to failure. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M. L .: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, ... ... Marine dictionary

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Books

• A textbook in questions and answers for a sailor of the 1st and 2nd class, A. Balanchuk (comp.). Contains a varied list of questions and answers in Russian, covering the area of \u200b\u200bcompetence of 1st and 2nd grade sailors. Applications on english language: "Commands for the steering wheel", "Commands ...

Commands to the helmsman

Right steering wheel!
1 Starboard!
2 Helm a-starboard!
3 Starboard the helm!
4 Port!

Left hand drive!
5 Helm a-port!
6 Port the helm!
7 Hard a-starboard!

Right aboard!
8 All starboard!
9 Hard a-port!

Left aboard!
10 All port!
11 Midships!

Steering wheel straight!
12 Amidships!
13 Right the helm!
14 Meet her!

Obsess!
15 Meet the helm!
16 Check the helm!
17 Hard over the helm! Obsess more!
18 Steady!

Keep it up!
19 Steady so!
20 Keep her steady!
21 Steady as she goes!
22 Straight so!
23 Right so!

More right!
24 Better (More) starboard!

More left!
25 Better (More) port!

Little by little right!
26 Starboard easy!
27 Easy to starboard!
28 Starboard a bit!
29 Port easy!

Little by little left!
30 Easy to port!
31 Port a bit!

On the course!
32 Steer the course!

The right not to walk!
33 Nothing to starboard!

Do not walk to the left!
34 Nothing to port!

Right rudder on course 030º!
35 Starboard on course 030º!

Left rudder on course 030º!
36 Port on course 030º!

Don't yawn on the steering wheel!
37 Mind the helm!
38 Watch your steering!

Follow the tug into the wake!
39 Follow the tug!

Follow the boat to the wake!
40 Follow the launch!

Follow the icebreaker to the wake!
41 Follow the icebreaker!

Commands for anchoring

1 Get the starboard anchor ready! Prepare the right anchor for recoil!
2 Get the port anchor ready! Prepare the left anchor for recoil!
3 Get both anchors ready! Prepare both anchors for recoil!
4 Stand by the starboard anchor! Stand at the right anchor!
5 Stand by the port anchor! Stay at the left anchor!
6 Let go the starboard anchor! Give up the right anchor!
7 Let go the port anchor! Give up the left anchor!
8 Pay away the cable (chain)! Etching anchor - chain!
9 Keep the cable (chain) slackened! Hold the chain anchor weakly!
10 Hold on the cable! Stop the chain anchor!
11 Put the windlass in gear! Connect the windlass!
12 Be ready to heave in! Get ready to choose!
13 Heave in the starboard anchor chain! Choose the right chain anchor!
14 Heave in the port anchor chain! Choose the left chain anchor!
15 Heave in upon the cable! Choose an anchor - chain!
16 Avast heaving in the cable! Stop choosing an anchor - chain!
17 Disengage the windlass! Disconnect windlass!
18 Secure the anchor for sea!
Travel anchor!
19 The anchor is up and down! Apeak!
20 The anchor is apeak!
21 The anchor is atrip! The anchor is up!
22 How is anchor? How is the anchor?
23 Clear anchor! The anchor is clean!
24 Foul anchor! The anchor is not clean!
25 Stand clear of the anchor cable! Do not stand in front of the anchor ¬- chain!
26 Pay away three shackles of chain! Set three bows anchor - chains!
27 Heave short the cable! Pick up an anchor - chain!
28 How is the cable leading? How does the anchor stand - the chain?
29 The cable is leading forward, starboard. Anchor - the chain is positioned forward on the starboard side.
30 The cable is leading aft, port. Anchor - the chain is positioned backwards on the port side.
31 Stand by fore and aft! All up!
32 All hands on deck!

Commands for mooring

1 Give on shore the heaving line! Submit tossing!
2 Send on shore the head rope! Submit bow!
3 Send on shore the stern rope! Submit stern!
4 Send on shore the bow spring! Submit nasal spring
5 Send on shore the stern spring! Feed the stern spring!
6 Send on shore the breast line! Submit the clamp!
7 Pay away the bow spring! Release the nasal spring!
8 Pay away the stern rope! Pose the stern!
9 Check the head rope! Hold up the nasal!
10 Check the stern spring! Stop the stern spring!
11 Check the breast line! Hold the clamp!
12 Make fast the bow spring! Attach the nasal spring!
13 Make fast the stern rope! Fix the stern!
14 Make all fast!

So fix it! (So \u200b\u200bwe will stand!)
15 Cast off the head rope! Give back the bow!
16 Let go the head rope!
17 Heave in the bow spring! Vira nasal spring!
18 Hold on! Stop choosing!
19 Avast heaving in!
20 Veer out handsomely! Poison little by little!
21 Veer out cheerily! Poisoning is more fun!
22 Heave in aft! Choose aft mooring lines!
24 Haul in the slack! Pick up the slack!
25 Haul taut! Choose the right one!
26 Haul fast!
27 Ship the fenders! Fit fenders!
28 Unship the fenders! Remove fenders!
29 Fleet the cable upon the windlass! Bring (surround) the mooring lines on the windlass!
30 Lower down the ladder! Lower the ladder!

Commands for towing

1 Is the towing hawser fast? Is the tug secured?
2 The towing hawser is fast. The tug is fixed.
3 All fast. Everything is fixed.
4 Are you ready for towing? Are you ready for towing?
5 Everything is ready for towing. Everything is ready for towing.
6 Commence towing! Start towing!
7 I am commencing to tow. I start towing.
8 Shorten in the towing hawser! Shorten the tug!
9 I am altering my course to starboard. I turn right.
10 Steer to starboard! Go right!
11 Pay out the towing hawser! Pull the tug off!
12 Veer out the tow-line!
13 I must cast off the towing hawser. I have to hand over the tug.
14 Cast off the towing hawser! Give back the tug!
15 The towing hawser has parted. The tug burst.
16 Shall I continue the present course? Should I keep going the same course?
17 Continue the present course! Keep on following the same course!
18 Stop your engines at once! Stop your cars immediately!
19 I am stopping my engines. I stop my cars.
20 Keep away before the sea! Take away from the wave!
21 I am keeping away before the sea. I take away from the wave.
22 I must get shelter or anchor as soon as possible. I need to take cover or anchor as soon as possible.
24 Bring me to shelter or to an anchor as soon as possible. Lead me to a locked place or anchor me as soon as possible.
25 Shall we anchor at once? Should we anchor immediately?
26 I want to anchor at once. I want to anchor immediately.
27 Go slower! Reduce your stroke!
28 I will go slower. I will decrease the stroke.
29 My engines are going astern. My cars are running in reverse.
30 Go astern! Back up!
31 Increase your speed! Increase your stroke!
32 I am increasing my speed. I increase my stroke.
33 You are standing into danger. You are going to danger.
34 I am paying out the towing hawser. I'm hounding a tug.
35 Get spare towing hawser ready! Prepare a spare tug!
36 Spare towing hawser is ready. The spare tug is ready.
37 I cannot carry out your order. I cannot fulfill your order.

Standard wheel orders.

All wheel orders given should be repeated by the helmsman and the officer of the watch should ensure that they are carried out correctly and immediately. All wheel orders should be held until countermanded. The helmsmen should report immediately if the vessel does not answer the wheel.

When there is concern that the helmsman is inattentive he should be questioned:

“What is your course?” And he should respond:

“ Mycourse … degrees.”

Standard steering wheel commands.

The helmsman must repeat the commands given to the rudder, and the officer of the watch must ensure that they are carried out immediately and accurately. The steering wheel command should be followed until canceled. The helmsman must report immediately if the vessel does not obey the helm.

When there is a suspicion that the helmsman is not attentive, he can be asked a question:

"What course are you holding?" And he must answer:

"I am heading ... degrees."

. When the officer of the watch requires a course to be steered by compass, the direction in which he wants the wheel turned should be stated followed by each numeral being said separately, including zero, for example:

. When the watch officer needs to maintain a compass heading, he is obliged to communicate the desired rudder angle and accompany this command with a command about the desired vessel heading, naming each heading digit separately, including zero.

. On receipt of an order to steer, for example, 182 0, the helmsman should repeat it and bring the vessel round steadily to the course ordered. When the vessel is steady on the course ordered, the helmsman is to call out:

"Steady on one eight two"

. Upon receipt of the command to hold, for example, 182 0, the helmsman must repeat it and bring the ship evenly on the course about which the order was received. The helmsman is obliged to give a message:

« Oncourse 182 ".

. The person giving the order should acknowledge the helmsman’s reply.

. The person who gave the command is obliged to confirm the answer of the helmsman.

. If it is desired to steer on a selected marc the helmsman should be ordered to:

“Steer on… buoy /… mark /… beacon”.

. If there is a need to keep a course for a certain mark, the command should be given to the helmsman:

"Keep on the buoy ... sign."

. Thepersongivingtheordershouldacknowledgethehelmsman’ sreply.

. The person who gave the command is obliged to confirm the answer of the helmsman.

The helmsman must know well the system of transition from automatic control to manual or backup (Fig. 2.2). Before taking over the helm, the sailor must obtain permission from the officer in charge of the watch: "Allow me to take the helm!"

Having received confirmation: "Become!" ". The person taking over the watch additionally inquires about how the ship obeys the helm and in which direction it scours more.

It is not permitted to change the helm watch immediately before and at the time of the course change. It is also impossible to change the helmsmen when diverging from vessels and overtaking them. In cases where the vessel is on automatic control, the sailors passing and receiving the watch transmit the autopilot heading, checking if it is correctly set on the instrument, as well as the magnetic compass heading. The set course must be displayed on a special board, which is located in front of the helm station.

During a watch on the rudder, the sailor must accurately keep the ship on a given course, periodically comparing the readings of the gyro and magnetic compasses. He must watch closely good work heading indicators and steering device. All observed deviations in the operation of the compasses, such as stagnation of the card, a sudden change in course, deterioration of the illumination of the heading indicators, as well as faulty steering gear, the sailor of the watch should immediately report to the officer in charge.
The helmsman needs to be clear about his actions on all helmsman commands made during maneuvering, especially when he is not given a specific rudder angle or course. So, for example, on the command "Retract!", Which is usually given after the command "Right (left) aboard!", Means that it is necessary to reduce the rate of rotation of the vessel, ie, to reduce the rudder shift angle. When changing course, the helmsman should avoid abrupt and excessive rudder shifts. During the turn, it is necessary to carefully monitor the change in the angular speed of the vessel, adjusting it by shifting the rudder so that the vessel could be delayed in time by the time it sets a new course.

In all cases, when the rudder shift angle is set by the assistant command, for example, "Ten degrees to the right of the rudder!" or "Left aboard", etc., the sailor of the watch has no right to arbitrarily change the position of the rudder without a subsequent command from the same or senior commander. If the helmsman, critically assessing the specific situation, decides that the boatmaster, apparently, forgot to give a new command, then he must loudly remind one or several times in a row about the position of the rudder, for example: "Rudder is left on board", or draw the attention of the captain or his assistant to how the ship behaves, for example: "The ship is rapidly rolling to the left!" or "The ship is not going to the left!" etc.
A navigational watch officer must have basic knowledge of the rules for navigating a ship under various sailing conditions:
- when navigating the ship along the alignment, steer it so that both signs (during the day) or both lights (at night) are constantly in alignment, along the bow of the ship, and at the time of arrival at the alignment it is imperative to notice the course and report it to the officer in charge;
- navigating the ship along the fairway, furnished with signs of a floating fence, the helmsman makes sure that the ship leaves these signs at a distance that excludes the possibility of piling on them, especially in places of turns;
- when sailing in the water area adjacent directly to the shores, navigate the vessel (unless otherwise indicated) along the coastal landmarks, choosing for this at the time of the command "Keep it up!" some of the most noticeable and sufficiently distant object, projected on the horizon in the center plane of the ship, and at the same time noticing the compass heading, which is reported to the navigator or captain;
- when following with a tug, avoid sharp turns in every possible way; making them gradually and smoothly, even in those cases when, for some reason, the vessel has yawned significantly to the side and needs to be brought on course;
- while in tow, keep the vessel in the wake of the towing vessel, carefully following all its turns in order to repeat them in a timely manner; these turns must be made as smoothly as possible, not allowing your ship to cross the line of the new course;
- when sailing in ice, in every possible way to protect the ship's hull, its propellers and rudder from impacts, while special attention should be paid to protecting the zygomatic parts of the hull from damage, which are the most vulnerable;

If it is impossible to turn out so as not to touch the ice at all, it is necessary to take the ice floes on the stem, in no case touching them with the cheekbones of the vessel;
in order not to damage the rudder when the vessel is moving astern, after reversing, immediately put the rudder in a straight position, without waiting for a special command, and report to the navigator or captain: “The rudder is straight!”;
when changing the course from the rear to the front, the rudder shift from the straight position is allowed only if the vessel has forward movement visible to the eye.
The helmsman must know all the teams well, both in Russian and in English. He should firmly learn that each command received is rehearsed loudly and clearly. After executing the command, be sure to loudly report it.