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Escort car. Legal support of a car sale and purchase transaction Peculiarities of using cover cars from PSC Legis: more than just support

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A special task for the security service is to guard the boss on the road. The car with the owner must be protected not only from accidental accidents, but also from real attempts. The head of the Master Class driver training center revealed the secrets of the work.

“Professional security is not just men in big jeepdriving next to the owner's car. These are people who really ensure the safety of the protected vehicle while driving. For this, the driver of the leading car and the security driver work in a rigid combination. The efficiency of the work of all the others depends on the coordination of their actions, ”explains the head of the“ Master Klass ”school, which trains professional drivers, Alexey Kolontay.

According to Kolontay, the work of the FSO drivers protecting the top officials of the state is even easier than the drivers who provide escort in a live stream. FSoshniki rush at a speed of at least 120 km / h along the cleared track, their task is to go fast, but not to shake the passenger. But to cut off the aggressor in a traffic jam or when driving at speed along a busy Moscow Ring Road is much more difficult.

The idea is simple: the security car should cover the driving car from possible attacks from other road users, from cyclists to KamAZ drivers. Special attention of the guards should be attracted by motorcyclists, because the nimble fast motorcycle It is often used for assassination attempts: you can shoot from it, throw a grenade, and put a bomb on the roof, and hide with lightning speed.

As soon as the guard sees an aggressive driver, it pushes him away from the "object". To do this, it is enough to move around the car, literally covering it with your body. If necessary, the driver will not hesitate to ram. So it’s not worth “pumping your rights” with the guards on the road. “The task of the second car is not to lose the first, the task of the first is not to be left without cover,” explains Kolontai. - "The difficulty is not in tactics, but in the coordination of actions and in the tension that both drivers experience." They are in constant contact, communication goes through the radio and using conventional signs. For example, before braking, the first car must turn on the headlights of the stoplights, and only after making sure that the rear has responded, you can slow down. Otherwise, when driving at high speed with a minimum distance, you can get into a ridiculous accident and endanger the protected "object". Before you turn, you need to blink the turn signal to warn the rear one so that he has time to change lanes earlier and cover. This distinguishes between the row change warning and the turning warning. “Ideally, the route is worked out in advance. However, when the client changes his goal, he has to work according to the situation, this is the most difficult thing. "

It is not by chance that a jeep is chosen as an escort vehicle. It is not suitable for intimidation, but for quite practical reasons. The rear car goes at a minimum distance relative to the front one, its driver needs an additional view to monitor the situation on the road. In case of an accident, or a breakdown of the main car, or destruction of the roadway, the boss can be transplanted into an SUV and literally get out through the forests. In the case when the security car has to use a ram, it is more likely to demolish the aggressor's car with a heavy jeep and at the same time partially protect the security personnel. In this case, the security car must be more powerful than the first. This is not for comfort. Rear car undergoes heavy loads compared to the front.

“Regular driving experience when applying for such a job means absolutely nothing. For the employer, it will be much more important how emotionally stable a person is. To be in a tense regime all day and not to break down at a crucial moment - this is what a real security driver should be like, ”says Kolontai.

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Automobile cortege - two or more cars following jointly and in a certain order. We distinguish the main car in which the protected person (hereinafter - the VIP) is located, and the cover car.

General requirements for the main vehicle:

- comfort (taking into account the personal preferences of the VIP);

- safety (protective equipment + driving safety).

Usually, the main car is, as a rule, an executive class car (limousine), low-profile, with a streamlined body, with low ground clearance, having high acceleration and speed characteristics, good controllability, resistance to rollover during emergency turns (turns), side impacts by another car.

It should be borne in mind that the requirements for ensuring comfort (including personal preferences of the VIP) often reduce (limit) the level of safety, and the low ground clearance limits the vehicle's high passability.

A cover car is a car in the motorcade that directly performs the functions of security support (cover) of the main car. This vehicle is often called an escort vehicle, or an operational exit vehicle. Depending on the location relative to the main vehicle: "leader", "tail".

The main requirements for the car: high maneuverability, acceleration and speed characteristics for the performance of the cover task should not be inferior to the main car, so that it was possible to work ahead of schedule, not to lag behind when accelerating, incl. after sections of braking.

It is desirable that the dimensions of the cover vehicle exceed the dimensions of the main vehicle. This is necessary to implement a reliable barrier in the direction of the threat, to ensure effective visual control on the road.

The car must have a high cross-country ability, incl. in off-road conditions and interference, and a special technical equipment the vehicle must support aggressive driving techniques.

A spacious cabin should ensure the free presence in it not only of exit guards, but also of additional equipment, luggage; if necessary - accommodation of accompanying persons (guests). Inner space The interior must be designed in such a way that the transfers of the direction of fire in battle occur in the shortest possible time and with maximum safety.

The basic requirements for a cover vehicle for tactical and technical compliance (TTC) are violated everywhere, primarily due to cost savings.

The minister had two weaknesses - ballerinas and trotters. They were used by terrorists for their own purposes. And the bomber E. Sazonov put an end to the assassination attempt. V. Pleve had the best horse-drawn carriage in the capital, which he was very proud of, while at the disposal of the visiting guard were the draft horses of the gendarme office and several "scooters" - that is what cyclists were called then. Almost immediately, the security escort was hopelessly behind. The terrorists were deployed in a chain along the route of the minister, several dozen meters apart, armed with bombs and short-barreled weapons.

The principle of a linear back-up ambush was not chosen by chance: there were many narrowings on the route (bridges, embankments), where the possibility of a quick bypass (detour - turn) maneuver was difficult. The crew, in the absence of a well-developed and well-thought-out tactics of security escort, could only rush forward, running into another ambush. Such tactics brought success to terrorists in the attempts on the life of Alexander II, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and other attempts.

Several examples from history. In the Soviet state, where the protection of the first persons was much more serious, almost a hundred years after the assassination attempt on Alexander II, a serious road traffic accident occurred in Moscow, in which one of the prominent government functionaries almost suffered. The accident was caused by omissions in the organization of control and regulation of the motorcade route, shortcomings in the TTS of motorcade cars and the notorious human factor - a "conscript" driver driving a heavy army vehicle.

In the post-war period, cars for the top officials of the state were produced by ZIL (formerly ZIS) using advanced technologies of that time, and cars for functionaries of the second echelon, i.e. lower class - GAZ ("Chaika").

The Gorky Automobile Plant also produced security vehicles (escort) for the motorcade. Outwardly, the Volga, like the subsequent GAZ models, were similar to the production models, but the filling was seriously modernized. Nevertheless, in terms of their performance characteristics, the GAZ escort vehicles were an order of magnitude behind those that were used as the main ones and were produced at ZIL. Various models of GAZ vehicles (from GAZ-23 to GAZ-31013), used as escort vehicles, had a capacity of 140 to 200 l / s (an average of 195 l / s) and a speed of 150 to 180 km / h (an average of 170 km / h). Representative cars (from ZIL-3111 to ZIL-41052) in the same period had average parameters: power of 315 l / s and speed of 200 km / h.

To accompany the first person of the state, the vehicles were selected identical in their tactical and technical characteristics. So, since 1986. the ZIL-41047 model (armored modification ZIL-41052) was used as the main limousine, and ZIL-41072 ("scorpion") was used for the outbound security vehicles.

The functionaries of the second echelon were entitled to a executive class limousine, but the outbound security drove Volga, so problems could arise. An unpleasant incident occurred at one of the traffic intersections on the route of the motorcade. The vehicle for controlling and regulating the route has already passed the intersection, which was blocked by the traffic police inspector on the access road sections. Law-abiding motorists, guided by the actions of the traffic controller, stopped, and the policeman, instead of continuing to regulate and control the access sections, saluting, turned to the approaching motorcade.

At that moment, a heavy army vehicle, the driver of which lagged behind his unit and, trying to catch up with the convoy, drove onto a road prohibited for movement freight transport... Not seeing the prohibitory signals of the traffic controller (who was standing with his back to him, welcoming the motorcade) and not paying attention to the stopped cars, the “conscript” driver continued to move straight ahead of the main car.

The driver of the main car tried to avoid the collision, trying to take it to the side. The "conscript" driver, confused, practically did not drive the car. The escort vehicle did not have time to cover the main vehicle from the oncoming strike. At the time of the collision, the escort vehicle only managed to catch up with the main vehicle. The main blow fell on the attached (in the front right seat), who, seeing the approaching car, tried to cover the VIP. The impact is heavy windshield ZIL flew into the passenger compartment, seriously injuring the attached one, the rest received minor injuries.

In June 2006. On the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - Vilyuisk highway, a heavy jeep jumped into the traffic lane where the cortege of the Secretary of the Security Council of Russia VB Rushailo was located. The security officers who were in the escort car, at the cost of their lives, fulfilled their duty, covering the main car, but it was not possible to avoid a collision (as a result of which VB Rushailo was injured).

In 1980, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus P.M. Masherov died under similar circumstances. The cover vehicles did not have time to react to the frontal threat. Subsequently, after carrying out field experiments that recreated this situation, it was concluded that the escort vehicle in this case did not have time to make an effective cover maneuver from the threat side due to the discrepancy between the tactical and technical parameters. After that, the escort cars were modernized. However, in this story, one more point should be paid attention to: the driver of the main car, knowing about the discrepancy between the acceleration and speed characteristics of his car and the cover car, broke away from the accompanying car at the previous section of the route, therefore, at the entrance to the dangerous place, the motorcade did not have time to completely close.

An even more acute problem is the selection of motorcade vehicles in non-state (private) security. Let us give several cases as an illustrative example.

In the spring of 2004. an attempt on the life of a businessman took place in the city of N. He was in a heavy jeep (normal, without armor protection) on front seat next to the driver.

The driver and the future victim were in the main car, and the guards were in the escort car (the ninth model of the VAZ). According to the guards: “There was no operational communication with the main vehicle. The weather was rainy, slushy, mud flew from under the wheels of the jeep. Large dimensions of the jeep limited the view from the "nine".

A sniper armed with a Kalashnikov assault rifle was positioned at the nearest regulated cross-shaped intersection in the dormer window of the attic of a 5-storey residential building, along the front of traffic. As soon as the motorcade slowed down at the intersection, the submachine gunner opened fire on the main car. With the first shot, he wounded the driver in the arm, then transferred the fire to the guarded person.

The driver, despite being wounded, continued to move, began to leave to the left, but the car remained in the sector of destruction. The sniper continued to fire from the rear. At least five shots were fired at the VIP, despite the fact that from the position of the shooter, the VIP location was practically not visible. The sniper clearly hit the designated sector of the car to kill. According to the guards: “Nothing was visible in the cover car because of a tall jeep, mud flying from under the wheels. We could not control the situation and did not immediately understand what was happening. Only when we saw that the main car with a prohibiting traffic light “left” to the left, we drove up to it. As we approached the jeep, we saw that the VIP was mortally wounded. "

A similar assassination attempt took place in another city, X. VIP also did not tolerate the presence of guards in the main car. He sat in the front seat of the jeep next to the driver, and all the guards were in the sedan that followed the jeep. The killer, armed with a Kalashnikov assault rifle, disguised as a drunken homeless person, lay down on the side of the road near the intersection. Having passed the leading car, which drove ahead of the object, he waited when the motorcade, slowing down, began to turn (the cover car was on the left behind, insuring against bypassing cars). Then the bum (submachine gunner) "woke up" and, finding himself close to the approaching car (on the right along the front), in one continuous burst almost point-blank shot through windshield VIP, then threw the machine gun and disappeared around the corner of the nearest house. VIP died from his injuries.

Since the attack was carried out at close range, the guards heard the shooting, but since they were in the "blind zone", they did not see the shooter and did not control the situation. When the bodyguards jumped out of the car and ran to the gunned down main car with the bleeding VIP and the driver, it was all over and the killer disappeared.

Judging by the fact that the police officers who arrived later found an abandoned smoothbore carbine on the side of the road on the right side of the road, someone was covering the main shooter, firing at the escort car. However, in the general turmoil, the guards did not spot the second attacker, who, luckily for them, was not accurate.

In the above examples, errors are seen in the organization of security, in the actions of the guards, as well as in the attitude of the VIP to their own security. However, in this article we are talking about the results of the discrepancy in the selection of motorcade vehicles in terms of tactical and technical characteristics and inconsistency in general management and the interaction of the tuple.

Similar errors (inconsistency in the selection of motorcade vehicles, lack of interaction) led to death in 1999. in St. Petersburg P. Kapysha. The powerful armored Chevrolet-Saburban jeep was used as the main vehicle, and the field guards accompanied him in a more “modest” Mercedes-230. During the passage of the motorcade at the intersection of the Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge and Universitetskaya Embankment, the main car "slips" into the yellow light, and the escort car, not daring to clearly violate traffic rules, is forced to slow down. Such caution was understandable, the traffic police are almost always on duty at the traffic lights, and further along the route, the local police department is located a few dozen meters away.

As a result, the tuple breaks. When cornering at a low speed, the jeep becomes an ideal target for two grenade launchers, who are located on Universitetskaya embankment at a distance of about 30 m from the section of maximum curvature of the turning zone and the stopping point at the traffic lights.

The criminals were not sure whether the cortege would stop at a traffic light or pass it without stopping. Therefore, the place they chose made it possible to effectively control both points of maximum speed limit and maneuver of the motorcade. The criminals used the proximity of the police department. They understood that if the cortege does not stop at the intersection, then move on maximum speed he will be hampered not only by the curvature of the turn, but also by the closely located police department. The time of the shelling with the subsequent withdrawal was carefully calculated. In addition, their accomplices, having provoked an obvious traffic violation at the crossroads, they "took away" the police squad on duty.

Thus, at the moment of movement at minimum speed, the main vehicle had no cover. The driver in the escort car, reacting to the shelling, tried to block the line of attack with his side, but was clearly late. The mobile security personnel also belatedly entered the firefight. The attack distance on a slowly moving or stopped car was chosen by the criminals almost perfectly. At the same time, it was very inconvenient for the majority of moderately trained pistols (the field guards were armed with regular IZH-71), which the attackers were counting on.

Analyzing a large number of attempts with the use of grenade launchers both in domestic and foreign practice, we note that in the overwhelming majority of cases, the wrong choice of position by grenade launchers, ignorance of the characteristics of weapons and lack of experience did not allow them to hit the target for sure.

The most common mistake is the location of the shooter closer than 10m to the target, which is associated with the desire to hit the target for sure. But in a number of cases the grenade simply does not have time to be raised into a combat position (attempts on the life of B. Berezovsky, one of the leaders of Dagestan). Or the distance, on the contrary, is too great for guaranteed destruction of a moving target, or an unsuccessfully chosen section of movement for an attack (the car retains enough high speed), or an incorrectly calculated angle of attack (attempts on the life of Presidents Pinochet, Shevardnadze, etc.).

And in conclusion, we will name the main reasons for the lack of coordination of actions in the composition of the tuple. Let's conditionally divide them into objective and subjective.

For objective reasons, we can attribute the discrepancy in the tactical and technical requirements of the escort vehicles to the main vehicle.

Subjective - the lack of understanding (the so-called triggering) between the drivers in the motorcade, the lack of proper training and control by the senior crew. It should be noted that these reasons, primarily of a subjective nature, have resulted in the death and serious injuries of the bodyguard and high-ranking Russian officials during their transportation over the past fifteen years.

So, deficiencies of an objective nature, which, unfortunately, are present quite often, in the organization of security should be compensated for by the correct (worked) actions of the crews. The driver of the main car must measure the speed of movement, and especially in the areas of forced braking (acceleration), interact with the accompanying vehicles during joint maneuvers. There should be an alert about the situation on the road and the necessary maneuvers. Senior crews - the head of the security (attached), the senior of the shift (of the exit security) - must control the movement process in general and directly supervise their drivers, and not be passive observers. The drivers of the motorcade must undergo a course of joint training and running in the coherence of actions as part of the motorcade. And one more important component of the head of security is explanatory work with VIP.

Many clients require legal support of a car sale and purchase transactionso as not to become victims of fraud. There are a lot of fraudsters in the automotive market, and they come up with more and more schemes to deceive honest citizens. Most of the sellers that you have to deal with are intermediaries. Experienced car lawyer find out when and where registered entity, will study the history of his activities. If the company is a fictitious one, created solely for a one-time transaction, he will recommend that you avoid contact with such a seller.

Documents and financial risks when buying or selling a car

By concluding a deal, you sign a contract. In this case auto lawyer assistance will allow you to avoid pitfalls associated with paperwork and also search for possible hidden commissions that gray dealers carefully hide from customers. We are talking not only about the legislative part, but also the financial one. It is required to study the text itself. Perhaps there are hidden nuances in it that are dangerous for the client.

There are different options for deception:

  • Hidden fees that increase the total cost;
  • Absence of stamps on the document;
  • Forgery. The buyer is given the wrong papers for signature that he saw initially;
  • Lack of accurate data on the time of transfer of the car to the new owner.

Particularly difficult is legal support when buying a used carwhen the contract is concluded not with a salon, but with a private person or a reseller. The specialist will monitor the observance of the client's rights, make sure that the bilateral agreement is drawn up correctly.

It is also important to check the vehicle on the bases. If it is hijacked, repeatedly got into an accident, changed several owners in a short time, the transaction will not take place.

Help of an experienced car lawyer. What is included in the legal support of the transaction?

  • Departure of the auto lawyer to the place of the transaction in a car dealership or to a private person;
  • Checking the car sale and purchase agreement;
  • Search for hidden commissions, payments, inaccuracies, errors, etc .;
  • Check for all required documents for registration of a vehicle in the traffic police
  • Reconciliation VIN numbers, indicated on the car and the number indicated in the documents;
  • Checking car data against the traffic police database, checking registration, restrictions on registration actions and termination of registration;
  • Checking on the BKI base for credit, collateral and other restrictions;
  • If necessary, the study of the charter and accounting data of the organization (with the provision of relevant documents);
  • Studying reviews about the organization in public sources.

In the event that the transaction takes place between individuals, our auto lawyer can independently fill out a vehicle purchase agreement, thereby avoiding deception or mistakes on the part of the seller. So our lawyer can help with the registration of CTP and a diagnostic card.

When it comes to used, a number of other factors must be taken into account, including expertise. We recommend checking technical condition vehicle and body integrity using the service "Diagnostics of the car before buying"experienced autoexpert will arrive at the parking lot and carry out a comprehensive check on 140 points of the diagnostic sheet .

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