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Private developers do not always have the financial and organizational ability to fill the foundation in one go. This is due to the impossibility of uninterrupted delivery of concrete mortar to the construction site, the lack of spacious concrete mixers, efficient pumps for preparing and supplying mortar to any formwork zone. In addition, there are not always convenient transport routes for the entry of heavy special equipment.

As a rule, most of the owners of private plots who are independently engaged in the construction of the underground part of the building have a small concrete mixer. She prepares the concrete mix in batches and can partially meet the needs for concrete. The required volumes of concrete to form a strip foundation, even a small building, are tens of cubic meters. It depends on the length of the perimeter of the building contour, the depth of the trench. In one daylight hours, manually performing work on a small electric concrete mixer, it is problematic to obtain the required volume of solution.

When building a house, in any case, the question arises: is it possible to fill the foundations in parts and will such filling affect the quality of the foundation?

Naturally, most developers have a question: is it possible to fill in several steps? Will this not affect the strength characteristics and operational properties of the foundation? Indeed, a certain time passes between the stages of preparation and pouring of the mixture. Let's take a closer look at the hardening stages.

Concrete: hardening stages

According to the technology, the foundation is poured with concrete after the installation of formwork panels and a power reinforcement cage. The solution is mixed according to the recipe.

Special plasticizers, additives affect the characteristics of the mixture, increase the resistance of concrete to negative temperatures, and also improve the fluidity of the composition. The concrete solution vibrates less when feeding the next portions, which reduces their negative impact on the previously poured layers.

After the start of filling the formwork with a liquid mixture, the solution irreversibly begins to change its structure under the influence of the ongoing processes. Regardless of whether the solution is filled in one step or in several stages, the changes are irreversible and the processes occurring consist of two main stages:

• Grasping the composition.
• Concrete hardening.

Today there is a technology for pouring the foundation in parts, which does not reduce its quality.

Various brands of concrete solutions differ in their characteristics. However, the correct determination of the time intervals during hardening and setting for any kind of mixtures affects the quality of the foundation. Each phase is characterized by its own characteristics, time parameters, which we will consider below.

Setting features

The first phase is grasping. This process, during which the flowable concrete composition gradually turns into a solid phase, begins immediately after pouring into the formwork or trench. The solution thickens when the cement interacts with water and fillers.

At the initial stage, weak bonds act between the components of the mixture, which can easily be broken under the influence of forces, after which it is impossible to re-set the composition. The setting period requires special care with concrete, which should not be touched, as this may damage the structure.

In the "liquid" stage of the setting process, top-up can be carried out, since the internal structure of the mixture remains constant. The setting time is determined by the ambient temperature. The duration of the "liquid" phase decreases with increasing outdoor temperature.

The minimum duration of the first phase is 3 hours at an ambient temperature of at least 15 degrees Celsius. The setting occurs worst of all at negative temperatures. In this case, the time interval until the end of the first stage is 24 hours.

Before proceeding directly to the pouring, draw up for yourself a small volumetric diagram of the foundation

• Reducing the strength properties of the formed base.
• Shift of embedded elements, reinforcement bars from the coordinates provided for by the project.
• Uneven setting of the mixture associated with inhomogeneous mixing of the composition.

If pouring the foundation in parts takes no more than a shift, then new, not very thick layers of the mixture can be poured into this interval. This will not affect the quality of the base, which, after hardening, will turn into a solid mass. After the expiration of the day, top-up is categorically not allowed, since there will be no simultaneous setting, and the separation of the array will cause cracks.

Preserving a liquid structure at the beginning of the stage, setting gradually passes into the second stage - solidification.

Specificity of solidification

To determine the actual role of engine oil in the fate of a car, we first list its operational tasks. It always supports:

- components of the internal combustion engine clean;

The lightness of the motor and its remarkable pumping at cold start;

Heat removal from heated elements of the power unit;

Reliable engine operation at extremely high temperatures in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cylinder-piston system;

Reliability of lubrication of motor parts;

Ensuring the elimination of aggressive corrosive substances that accumulate during operation.

To give the required performance or improve the existing ones, special additives are used. They must be added directly to the oil.

How to fill in engine oil correctly?

Filling with oil is necessary to extend the service life of all components of the vehicle's internal combustion engines. The duration of the engine's service life is proportionally equal to the timely replacement of the engine oil. Every motorist, even a beginner, can easily change engine oil. To do this, you need to learn some skills. Next, we will tell you how to fill.

First of all, read the instructions and prepare the correct amount of engine oil with the appropriate labeling for consumables. To be completely sure that you have purchased a really high-quality product, buy oil at specialized points where you will be provided with a documented quality guarantee. Don't forget to buy an oil filter too.

To avoid problems during the oil change procedure, you should drive the car onto a flyover or inspection pit. Prepare a special container for draining the used oil. What actions need to be taken?

1. Secure the vehicle so that it cannot move. Put the car on the handbrake. It should stand exclusively on a level surface.

2. Warm up the engine to its operating temperature.

3. Shut off the power unit and open the filler neck and pour flushing fluid there.

4. Close the filler neck, start the engine and leave it running until the corresponding oil pressure light comes on.

5. Stop the engine and drain the used oil from the pan.

6. Now you will find out where to fill the engine oil. Unscrew and pour new oil into it.

7. Screw on the sump plug and put back the oil filter.

8. Oil must be filled to the required level, which is indicated on the dipstick.

9. After completing the work, start the engine at low rpm to check if there is a leak somewhere.

10. The oil level check is carried out exclusively on a level horizontal surface. This must be done in order to correctly determine the level of the filled consumable. If the oil does not reach the correct mark, top up.

Many motorists are wondering how much engine oil to fill? It is impossible to unequivocally answer this question, because each vehicle model requires its own certain amount of oil filled in. It is approximately necessary to fill in domestic cars within four liters. Experts advise initially pouring three liters, lowering the dipstick and checking the oil level. The dipstick is located next to the engine and looks like a thin metal stick with a plastic handle. Top up if necessary. It is also necessary to fill up to four liters in foreign-made cars with an engine volume of 2.0 to 2.4 liters, and then, as in the previous case. Large displacement engines therefore consume more engine oil.

The oil level should be checked every week, at least once. Better than paying for expensive repairs later. It should be checked even before starting the power unit. It is strictly forbidden to check the oil level or add oil while the engine is running! Otherwise, a sad outcome is possible: jets of very hot oil can get on the body and face! Or the readings just won't be correct at best. If a few drops are spilled on the engine, wipe them off thoroughly with a tissue.

What kind of oil should you fill?

There are often disputes among motorists as to which oil should be filled in - mineral, synthetic or semi-synthetic? One conclusion suggests itself - it is entirely a matter of taste for everyone. But still, there are some factors to consider.

Read the instructions for your vehicle. It should contain information on oils that are recommended to be filled in winter and summer, more precisely, their recommended ones are indicated. And the choice of the composition of the consumable already remains with the owner.

How worn out is the engine, and what kind of oil was previously used in it

Let's give an example. For many years in a row, the engine was filled exclusively with mineral oil. The cracks that formed in the gum over time were filled with deposits that could not be washed out when changing the oil. And if synthetics with its washing out and acidic characteristics are already poured into this engine, then all clogged deposits will be washed out and oil will flow out little by little. Therefore, such incidents occur so often among drivers when switching from mineral water to synthetics. Experts recommend pouring synthetic oils on new engines, and in old ones just replacing mineral oils more often.

The most common indicator that determines the choice of engine oil is its viscosity. The choice should be made in relation to the ambient temperature: from a cold start in winter to a serious temperature load in summer. Every motorist should know and understand what kind of engine oil to pour into the power unit. But it should be understood that the appearance of defects is not always influenced by the products themselves. For example, synthetic oils have an increased level of fluidity, and therefore, they easily flow through defective seal joints. A defect in the mechanism is clearly visible, and not the destructive ability of the oil. This is a clear confirmation that the use of synthetic oils is contraindicated for outdated power units.

1. New engines should be filled with SAE 5W30 or 10W30 oils all season;

2. For a serviceable power unit in summer - SAE 10W40, 15W40, in winter - 5W30 and 10W30, and in any season - SAE 5W40;

3. For an old motor in summer - SAE 15W40 and 20W40, in winter SAE 5W40 and SAE 10W40, in any season - SAE 5W40.

When do you need to fill in engine oil?

Experts unanimously state that engine oil changes should be carried out as often as possible. But if you listen to the opinion of many motorists, then the cost of high-quality oil is quite high, and this procedure requires time, which is often not enough.

But you need to understand the fact that there are no eternal cars, and at least those that were produced half a century ago. Today on the roads you can meet the "old women" of the domestic car industry, who have been driving for more than thirty years and look excellent. It is interesting to assume what will happen to the currently produced cars after such a period of time? And the answer is quite simple.

Today's car manufacturers are not interested in long-term performance of their models. They need to constantly maintain the service infrastructure, therefore, cars should break down from time to time, and new ones should be sold. Thus, when it is necessary to fill in engine oil and in what quantities are no longer the manufacturer's problems, unless he is also engaged in its production. In this case, on the contrary, interest doubles. Therefore, if someone still believes in the honesty of car manufacturers, take off your rose-colored glasses and plunge into real everyday life.

Nobody will give you a sensible answer regarding the frequency of oil changes specifically in your case. This is directly influenced by the driving behavior and the individual characteristics of the vehicle. The main factors affecting the frequency of consumable replacement are the season, operating mode and fuel quality. As a rule, harsh operating conditions are also taken into account. What does that mean?

Simple car

If a vehicle is used irregularly, do not reassure yourself that it will last longer than something that works constantly. When the car is idle, condensate accumulates in the internal combustion engine, which, together with consumables and fuel, gives a reaction, transforming into an acid that corrodes the engine from the inside.

Power unit idling

This happens mainly while idle in traffic jams. As the oil heats up, the efficiency of the cooling system drops to a minimum.

Transport of heavy loads

Any additional weight in the vehicle puts additional stress on the engine. This causes the engine oil to thicken and oxidize prematurely.

Start from a spot

This also applies to congestion, when the driver must brake immediately after starting his movement. The oil heats up immediately at the start. Temperature becomes the reason for automatic degradation.

Use of low quality fuel

Such fuel cannot be completely burned, and its residues are mixed with oil. Therefore, the efficiency is reduced.

Express engine oil change

Don't be reassured that a vacuum oil change won't damage your car's engine. After such a procedure, a lot of waste materials remain in the engine, and this will have a detrimental effect on the engine in the future.

What is the conclusion? The vehicle should be driven regularly at a moderate speed and best of all completely unloaded using high quality fuel of European standards. Of course, all this sounds utopian, but agree, it's nice. What has been stated here, in any case, will not be superfluous. Applying this knowledge will help you learn how to conserve engine oil consumption.

And yet, when should you fill in engine oil? With what time interval should there be a mandatory replacement of consumables in the engine, after what mileage? Experts recommend changing the oil every 10,000 kilometers on average. But first, read the recommendations of the engine oil manufacturers. Remember to replace engine consumables regularly and you will extend the life of your car.

Every motorist has a period when he needs to change the oil based on a certain mileage of his car. With this, everything is clear. But here the question arises whether there is a need to pour oil into the filter when changing the oil. Here, the opinions of many motorists diverge diametrically. In our article, we will consider all the nuances of this controversial issue and try to find the correct answer in this difficult and controversial issue.

Arguments indicating the need for filling

Motorists who argue that adding lubricant to the filter element is imperative use the following arguments:

1. Inside the filter there is a special filler with a porous structure. In dry standing, this material is not wetted with engine oil and therefore, after the engine starts running and the engine oil begins to flow under high pressure, it may burst. As a result, onr will not be able to perform its direct functions. But the worst thing is that the owner of the car does not immediately find out about a rupture inside the filter, but only after the first signs of clogging of the engine lubricating system appear.
2. The most common filtering devices have a volume of 294-300 ml. When the engine is started, the lubricant will begin to flow into the filter and only after a few seconds, having passed through it, will enter the rubbing mechanisms of the engine. During this period of time, so-called dry friction can form inside the engine, which can provoke a breakdown of the power unit.
3. Some motorists say that a filter that is not wetted with liquid can create an air blockage.
   Based on the above arguments, the proponents of pouring recommend filling 70% with engine oil and letting it stand in this position for 28-30 minutes. During this time, it will absorb the required amount of lubricant. After this, the filter is installed in its place and you can directly start starting the engine.

Arguments against pouring

The oil filter element has specific installation instructions. According to these instructions, filter replacement should be performed in the following sequence:

1. Using clean agents, thoroughly clean the filter mounting place from various kinds of contamination.
2. Apply some clean oil to the rubber O-ring of the filter mechanism.
3. We carry out a reliable fixation on the engine body and tighten it securely by hand.
4. After installation, you should carefully look for oil leaks at the base of the filter element.

Please note that the pictogram has a drop of oil located above the rubber O-ring. In addition, the manufacturer, in his recommendations, does not clearly argue for the need to pour engine fluid into the filter immediately before its installation.

And so, is it still necessary to pour oil into the filter when changing the oil

Based on the above arguments, we can conclude that pouring oil into the filter will not be able to do harm, but no tangible benefits from this work are particularly expected.

This conclusion can be explained as follows:

An air lock cannot form due to the dry filter. Such a statement is quite obvious even if you thoroughly study the circuit of the filtering device and the technological principle of its operation.

When draining used oil from the engine, an oil layer remains on the internal engine parts. And therefore, when starting the car engine, the power unit will not be able to run dry. In addition, when idling, the engine can run for a certain period of time without heating the internal parts. This time is quite enough for the implementation of forced pumping of oil throughout the engine lubrication system.

Under the action of a running engine and under the pressure of an oil pump, engine oil moves at a speed of 48-50 l / min. Which corresponds to a pressure of 7-5 bar. The amount of engine oil poured into the filter is quite small compared to the total volume of the mixture, which is pumped through the entire system. As a result, a dry filter cannot radically affect the normal operation of the engine, as the engine fluid moves rapidly throughout the engine under high pressure.

A filter that is not wet will not rupture due to the pressure of the lubricant. Such a break can only occur in two cases:

• in view of poor quality;
• due to incorrect selection, which can cause low oil throughput.

When a monolithic foundation is poured, there is a need for large volumes of concrete, which sometimes exceed a few cubic meters. Construction companies approach this issue using heavy equipment such as concrete pumps and mixers. They allow you to mix the mortar and feed it into the formwork.

Why layered fill

Private developers do not always have the opportunity to use such equipment, because it is quite expensive, and for small plots such an approach may be unacceptable due to the lack of access roads for equipment. This problem can be partially solved by using a concrete mixer, but the volume of the mixture that can be prepared in one load is limited. In this case, builders wonder whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, because this sometimes affects the strength of the foundation and its operational properties.

Maturation of concrete

Concrete is a mixture of fillers and cement, which are mixed with water. To increase the fluidity, impart special properties to the mixture and increase frost resistance during mixing, plasticizers and additives can be added to the concrete. At this stage, you may also wonder whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts. Pouring a liquid solution into a form called formwork involves the onset of irreversible processes in concrete, namely:

• grasping;
• hardening.

During the first stage, the solution begins to solidify, because water and cement components interact with each other. But the bonds between the ingredients remain not strong enough, and if a load is applied to the material, then it can collapse, and the solution will not re-set.

What else you need to know about stages

This phase can vary depending on the air temperature and lasts from 3 hours to a day. With a decrease in temperature, concrete setting takes longer. At the initial stage, it remains liquid, unchanged. If during this period a new portion of concrete is added to the formwork, then the destruction of cement bonds will not occur.

At a temperature of 20 ° C, the liquid stage will last for 2 hours, but if the temperature drops to zero, then this period will last for 8 hours. The time before the start of setting can be extended, for this the concrete is constantly mixed, but its characteristics will be improved, so you should not abuse the method.

Pouring concrete during the hardening stage

If you are faced with the question of whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, you should also study the stage of concrete hardening. This phase will take quite a long time, as the components will gain strength over many years. The first 28 days are considered a mandatory period of aging of the structure before strength gain. At the same time, hardening occurs quickly, which is especially important for the first days, after which the speed slows down.

In the first hours after setting, the concrete will not have such a high hardness, and if you add another portion, this can cause the appearance of small cracks, because the load on the structure will increase. After three days, these loads do not have a similar effect on the first layers. Taking into account the peculiarities of the maturation of the solution, it can be argued that the foundation can be poured in parts, but it is important to follow certain rules.

When a private developer asks whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, first he must study certain rules for carrying out such work. They say: when mixing individual batches of concrete in succession, you should limit yourself to two hours or less between pouring, this applies to warm weather. If the work is carried out in the off-season, then this time can be increased to 4 hours. The strength of the foundation does not change and no seams are formed.

If you are wondering whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, then you should remember that long breaks in work should not exceed three days. After a break, where it is supposed to pour a fresh portion, it should be cleaned of moisture, dust and dirt. It is important to clean with a wire brush. In this case, the seam will have good adhesion.

Step-by-step instructions for filling the foundation with parts

It is better to pour the foundation continuously, sometimes for this work is not stopped even at night. As a result, it is possible to obtain a monolithic structure, which has a high bearing capacity. But continuous pouring can be achieved only if you use a commercial solution, which will be fed into the formwork from the tank of the concrete mixer. If the solution is prepared directly at the construction site, then instead of this technology, the partial pouring technique is used.

When asking the question of whether it is possible to fill the strip foundation in parts, you should know that, subject to certain conditions, such a structure will not be inferior in terms of strength to the one that was formed by the method of monolithic filling. The intermittent casting technology is as follows: at the first stage, it is necessary to form a reinforcing cage, which will consist of horizontal rods. They need to be separated by vertical ties. The distance between the horizontal rods should be selected according to the fill volume. It usually ranges from 10 to 12 cm.

If you are thinking about the question of how useful tips should be read. From them you can learn that in the next step you can prepare a mortar in order to pour the first layer of concrete. In this case, the formwork should be filled evenly, while the thickness of the first layer should be equal to the distance between the horizontal bars, which should be reduced by 1.5 cm. This answers the question of how the foundation can be filled with parts with reinforcement. The second layer will flow under the horizontal reinforcement. Once the pouring of the first layer has been completed, you can begin to prepare the second portion of the solution, which is poured from above.

This technique should be followed until the desired base height is reached. The technology is also called layer-by-layer, and separate layers will be held together by reinforcement. However, if the first layer has already begun to set and has reached the hardening stage, then the second pouring can only be started after the first layer has hardened.

Many novice home craftsmen are wondering whether it is possible to fill the foundation in parts, the instructions presented in the article will allow you to understand this. From it you can learn that after pouring the first layer, when it is not supposed to immediately start forming the second, the surface should be wrapped in polyethylene, which will exclude unwanted evaporation of water. In this case, the second layer can be formed the next day, first, concrete milk must be removed from the surface.

If you did not have experience in pouring a foundation before, then you need to first think about what grade of concrete you will use. In this case, it is recommended to pay attention to the operating conditions of the future structure. This is due to the fact that different brands are characterized by a certain moisture resistance and frost resistance. If you are faced with the question of whether it is possible to fill the foundation with parts, with what concrete to carry out these works, you must certainly decide.

For difficult conditions, grades M-300 and M-450 are usually used. If the conditions are not so difficult, then concrete of the M-100 and M-200 brands can be used. M-100 and M-450 are made from the same ingredients, but the recipes are different. For example, M-100 is mixed from:

• 4 pieces of sand;
• 1 part cement;
• 6 pieces of gravel.

Whereas for the preparation of M-450 you should use:

• one piece of sand;
• one part of cement;
• two pieces of gravel.

Conclusion

In order for a cement stone to form, the solution will require 1 part of water for 4 parts of cement. But when you study the ratio of cement to water, you will understand that most often the proportions look like this: 3 to 2 and 2 to 1.

Its physical size and a number of other features.

Most motors use a mechanical dipstick to control the lubrication level, but some power plants do not. In this case, a separate electronic indicator is implemented on the dashboard. There are also combined solutions.

As a rule, during operation, for various reasons, a decrease in the lubricant level may occur. Since it is impossible to continue to operate the engine with a low level of lubricant, in this case you need to know how much oil to add to the engine, as well as how to do it without harm.

In this article, we intend to talk about when to add oil to the engine, how to do it correctly, in which cases it is possible to add other oil to the engine without risk, and also under what conditions it can cause possible damage to the unit or is strictly prohibited.

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How often to add oil to the engine

As already mentioned, oil is added to the engine in different cases. The lubricant level can go away both for natural reasons and fall as a result of engine breakdowns, after incorrect selection and inappropriateness of the type of product used, changes in the properties of the lubricant, etc.

To understand whether it is necessary to add oil to the engine, you need to check its level by placing the car on a level surface. It is advisable to check the level "cold" after several hours of inactivity, that is, when the grease has completely drained into the sump. For a quick check, it will be enough to wait 5-15 minutes, but such an analysis may turn out to be more approximate than accurate.

Taking into account the peculiarities of a particular internal combustion engine, you can understand whether topping is needed and how often it is necessary. In some cases, you have to add lubricant, for example, every thousand kilometers, which is typical of faulty units with increased oil consumption as a result of wear, gaskets, seals.

In other internal combustion engines, the level is kept stable, that is, the lubricant is not topped up from replacement to replacement. Also, the level can be stable in the city and in medium load modes, however, after driving on the highway at high speeds, it decreases. In such a situation, it should be remembered that lubrication in high load modes is spent on waste, which is often stated by the engine manufacturers themselves.

Moreover, the manual may separately indicate that the oil consumption is not only acceptable, but also within what limits it is normal for a particular motor. Based on all that has been said, you can understand what frequency of topping is suitable in this or that case.

How to add oil to the engine: winter, summer, cold or hot internal combustion engine

To begin with, adding grease is often done on a cold one. It is added to a cold engine due to the fact that it is easier and faster to determine the required level, that is, to avoid possible underfilling or overflow of lubricant.

As practice shows, in winter, especially in severe frosts, it is best to first warm up the engine, then give it time to cool down, as well as drain and "settle" the lubricant. This preheating will allow the heavily thickened lubricant to flow back properly.

After that, the motor cools down, but the lubricant still remains liquefied, that is, the level can be determined quite accurately. Next, topping up is carried out, available in the internal combustion engine and fresh lubricant are easily mixed into a homogeneous mass.

However, it also happens that you have to add oil to a hot engine (for example) while driving. This situation is quite common and becomes a reason for questions of the kind that will happen if the driver has added cold oil to a hot engine.

In this case, it is important to take into account not only the correctness of the level, but also what temperature the grease to be added has. You should also pay attention to the extent to which such topping occurs. For a better understanding, let's imagine a standard situation when the car owner was driving on the highway, the engine was warmed up to operating temperatures, but then the low pressure light in the lubrication system came on.

Naturally, the driver stopped, drowned out the power unit and discovered a low oil level. Then he immediately took a canister out of the trunk and refilled a liter of oil into the engine. If this happens in the summer, then the main risk will only be overflow or underfilling in level, that is, inaccuracies as a result of topping up "hot". But if it happens in winter, then the situation is somewhat different.

It is not difficult to guess that the lubricant in the trunk will be very cold, that is, when pouring into a heated engine, a strong temperature difference will occur. If, at the same time, such a lubricating fluid is poured not 50-100 grams, but a whole liter or more, then the consequences can be unpredictable.

Experts note that in such a situation, the risk of not only exceeding the level or underfilling, but also appearing on the parts, as well as other defects in relation to individual elements of the internal combustion engine, significantly increases. In view of the above, it becomes clear why the motor needs to be allowed time to cool down before adding lubricant, and this is especially important in winter.

If there is no suitable oil at hand for topping up

Quite often, motorists face an urgent need to add oil to an engine of a different viscosity, they have to use a third-party lubricant, there is no other way out but to top up, etc.

Note that in some emergency situations, such actions are quite acceptable. At the same time, it is important to know when it is possible to add oil to an engine of another brand, which type of lubricant is better to use, how much lubricant to fill. Let's figure it out.

To begin with, it is not recommended to mix different types of lubricants, even from the same manufacturer. The fact is that each product has a unique package of active chemical additives. When mixed, these additives can react, which leads to precipitation, the oil in the engine curls up, loses its properties.

In this case, it is allowed to mix mineral water with semi-synthetics and vice versa. Also, a synthetic lubricant can be added to a semi-synthetic product, and a semi-synthetic material can be added to synthetics.

It is recommended not to mix hydrocracked oils with both mineral and synthetic lubricants. However, if absolutely necessary, they can be mixed with mineral oils. We add that in case of urgent need and lack of choice, you can add any oil, since working without lubrication will definitely destroy the engine.

We also add that the best option is to mix oils from the same manufacturer, which have the same base. In this case, the risks are minimal. If, for example, you add to the semisynthetics of one brand exactly the same semisynthetic oil of another brand in terms of characteristics, then undesirable reactions may well arise.

Now let's turn to the so-called universal oils, which can be equally used in diesel and gasoline internal combustion engines, and also consider the possibility of adding diesel oil to a gasoline unit and vice versa.

First, diesel oil does not differ much from gasoline oil in many respects, that is, it is quite possible to add such a lubricant in an emergency. Universal oils are an alternative at all, that is, they have balanced characteristics suitable for both types of engines.

Most importantly, before adding grease, the above recommendations must be taken into account. It is also important to remember that when driving on such a mixture of oils, you should not load the power unit.

As soon as possible, the mixed oil must be completely removed from the internal combustion engine, and then replaced with the type of lubricant recommended for a particular engine, together with an oil filter. We add that before changing the oil, it may be necessary to flush the engine or reduce the further service interval by 30-50%.

Add oil to the engine: step-by-step instructions for beginners

• So, after making sure of the need for topping up and deciding what kind of oil will be added to the engine, it is necessary to put the car on a level surface.
• Then let the engine cool down (it is advisable to leave the car for a few hours), and also let the oil drain completely into the sump.
• Now you need to get to the oil filler neck. The specified neck is located under the cover, which is located at the top. Most often, the lid has a pictogram in the form of an oiler with a drop of oil.
• Next, unscrew the lid, you can also wipe it with a clean rag, and then set it aside.
• Then you will need to make it yourself or insert a ready-made funnel into the oil filler neck. For self-production, the upper part of a plastic bottle is suitable, which is sufficient to cut off from the base.

Please note that during all manipulations, do not allow dirt, dust, debris, foreign liquids or objects to enter the oil filler neck. A homemade or ready-made funnel must also be completely clean.

The presence of a funnel allows you to accurately add oil, and without the risk of spilling lubricant on the cylinder block and cylinder head. If oil gets on these parts, it will subsequently burn out from high heat, smoke and an unpleasant odor.

Also, engine oils disable rubber elements, soften insulation, all kinds of seals and similar elements in the engine compartment. If oil has been spilled, then it is recommended to thoroughly wipe it off with a rag.

• When topping up, oil should not be added immediately, but gradually. This means that 100-200 ml should be poured from the canister at a time. Next, you need to allow the grease to drain from the cylinder head into the sump. This may take about 10-15 minutes. The level is then checked, after which you can continue to top up the lubricant again if necessary.
• When checking the level on the dipstick, you must first remove the dipstick, then wipe it with a clean cloth, then reinsert it into the hole until it stops and remove it again. Only after repeated removal can the level of grease in the sump be assessed.
• After the oil level on the dipstick is strictly between the "MIN" and "MAX" marks, it is necessary to firmly insert it into the hole and screw on the oil filler cap.
• The final stage will be starting the engine. Evaluate the operation of the internal combustion engine for extraneous noise, knocks, vibrations. Make sure that the oil pressure light on the dashboard does not light up, the electronic level does not indicate insufficient oil, not.
• Next, warm up the power unit, make a test drive. After that, it is recommended to let the engine cool down, after which the oil level is checked again. If a decrease in the level is again noticeable, fresh drips have appeared from under the covers, oil seals or seals, traces of oil are visible under the car, then the engine needs in-depth diagnostics and repair.

Remember, driving with low oil levels can quickly damage your ICE. For this reason, in a number of emergency cases, it is recommended to abandon attempts to get to the service station on its own. If the oil leaks are intense, then it is best to use a tow truck.

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Should the engine use oil and what is the normal oil consumption for the engine. Increased lubricant consumption, main reasons, frequent malfunctions.