The release of the legendary GAZ-51 truck took place in the fifties and seventies of the last century, this car became a legend of its time. For all the time, about three and a half million trucks left the production line. Recently, this model has practically not been found on the roads, but its popularity is quite large.

The history of the creation of the legendary truck begins in pre-war times. No less famous by that time was morally outdated and did not meet the requirements.
GAZ-51 is a Soviet truck with a carrying capacity of 2.5 tons. The most popular truck model produced between 1950 and 1970.

The first samples of this car were developed even before the start of the Great Patriotic War, and the mass production of this car began in 1946, immediately after its end. 10 years later, in 1955, a new modernized model of this car was developed - GAZ-51A, which from that moment was produced until 1975.

The design of the basic version of this car, which at first was called GAZ-11-51, began long before the war, in the winter of 1937. The concept of the new car was formulated very precisely - it was required to develop a very simple and reliable truck, which would be assembled from the best, by the standards of those times, perfectly processed and carefully time-tested parts.

In June 1938, the production of units was launched, and in the winter of 1939, their assembly. In May of the same year, the new car model began to undergo road tests. They ended in the summer of 1940. At the same time, the first prototype of the car was presented at the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow, as one of the best examples of the Soviet automotive industry.

Not satisfied with the carrying capacity of the machine, the reliability of components and assemblies. also did not reach the required level. It was necessary to create a new truck - simple and at the same time reliable.

The development of the project began in 1937, at the same time it was decided to create a new six-cylinder engine. It was planned to increase the carrying capacity of the new truck to two tons.

Since the summer of 1938, work began on the manufacture of units for the new machine, and in the days of May 1939, the first experimental model was tested at the test site.

The car was first given a name associated with the brand of the new 6-cylinder engine GAZ 11, the model had the GAZ 11 51 index.

It looks like a modification of the car GAZ 11 51

The tests were carried out quite successfully, the prototype of the future truck was shown by the GAZ developers at the Moscow exhibition of agriculture, held in the last pre-war year. Everything went to launch the GAZ-51 into mass production, but the war intervened in the plans.

Tests in road conditions were successful, which made it possible for the plant in 1941 to take up the serious preparation of the serial production of the GAZ-51, but this was prevented by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Some parts from this car (engine, clutch, gearbox, cardan joints) were already successfully produced by the plant by that time. At that moment, they found their application in other, more popular machines at that time.

Work on the serial production of the car resumed only in 1943. The dynamic development of automotive technology during the war years made its own changes in the design of this vehicle. Leading designer of the plant, A.D. Prosvirnin completely reconfigured and thoroughly modified the car. After such his actions, in fact, only the name itself remained from the previously developed car model, which was planned to be produced in the pre-war period. Due to the fact that in wartime, the designers accumulated quite serious experience in operating six-cylinder engines on combat vehicles, they were subsequently able to thoroughly modify and, as much as possible, at that time, improve the engine, as well as all the service systems.

The project was supplemented with a very well-proven hydraulic brake drive. In addition, the designers have also developed a more modern and comfortable cab for the new truck and redesigned its lining. The dimensions of the tires also increased, and its carrying capacity increased a couple of times - to the most optimal at that time, 2.5 tons. They also managed to achieve up to 80 percent unification with another car model, its all-wheel drive version called GAZ-63. The latter was designed in parallel with the GAZ-51, right on the adjacent assembly boards. The engine unification also stopped at 80% with a four-cylinder engine designed for the future "Victory".

Read also

Engine for the car GAZ 51

The promising project had to be stopped, but they returned to it in 1943.

An example of a GAZ 63 truck

At that time, the assemblies developed for the new "lawn" (cardan shaft, gearbox, clutch parts) were successfully used in military equipment and on other brands of cars. Wartime made its necessary amendments, which benefited the project being developed. GAZ-51 was significantly modernized, and little remained of the prototype.

In May and September 1944, 2 more new models of this car were built, which had a different design of the front end. Later, in June 1945, two more new modifications were released, now they were finally finalized and became pre-production samples. The confidence that the new design turned out to be of high quality allowed the plant to immediately begin preparations for its serial production.

So, in June 1945, the new GAZ-51, as well as other novelties from the Soviet car manufacturer, were presented in the Kremlin. All cars presented received full approval from members of the government.

Serial production of the car began very quickly, the experience gained in wartime affected. By the end of 1945, the first installation batch was produced, which included about two dozen cars. The next year, 1946, even before the official completion of the tests, the whole country received 3136 trucks of the latest generation.

drawing with the dimensions of the car GAZ 51

In principle, we can say that the car turned out to be very successful and extremely simple. Perhaps, for the first time in the USSR, the problem of creating a car with a truly solid construction, in which all units and assemblies were equal in strength, was successfully solved.

The new version has the following changes:

• The engine and attachments have been significantly improved;
• Carrying capacity increased to two and a half tons;
• The hydraulic brake system is applied, it has become much more effective than mechanical brakes;
• The new cabin acquired a modern shape for those years, the cladding was modified;
• The radius of the wheels has increased.

Since the all-wheel drive version of the GAZ-63 truck was being developed in parallel, the designers tried to unify the parts of both new models, and they managed to do this - 80% of the spare parts for GAZ-52 and GAZ-63 were interchangeable.

Truck for transportation of furniture based on GAZ-52

In 1944, the search for optimal design solutions continued, and the creators of the "fifty-first" offered two samples with different hood options, in 1945 - two more modified versions with a modified cabin. Wartime taught me to work quickly and efficiently, so the work on preparing a new model was progressing quickly. Already in June 1945, the new project was approved by the Soviet leadership and earned high marks.

By the end of 1945, the first twenty trucks had left the production line of the Gorky Automobile Plant, and in 1946 the country received more than three thousand vehicles, even without looking at the fact that the final tests had not yet been completed.

On the basis of the "fifty-first" truck, a lot of all kinds of modifications were created.

Tuning option for the GAZ 51 truck

The truck became so popular that it was assembled under license in the People's Republic of Poland, China and North Korea. The 51st "Gazon" was made for export, sending cars to African and Asian countries. In the Hungarian People's Republic, East Germany and Finland, legendary trucks have also taken root.

In addition to the Gorky Automobile Plant, in the USSR, the production of the "fifty-first" was debugged in Odessa and Irkutsk, however, the car was not assembled at the Irkutsk Automobile Plant for a long time - in 1950, its production was opened, and already in 1952, the Irkutsk plant workers decided to redesign it to produce radio receivers.

The model ceased its existence as a serial truck on the GAZ factory line "fifty-first" on 04/02/1975, the brand existed for almost 30 years.

Dump truck based on the GAZ 51 car

It is difficult to find a more successful model in the Russian automotive industry, and the Gorky Automobile Plant can be justly proud of this.

Read also

Where to buy GAZ-51

Technical characteristics of the first models Gas 51

• Car type - Dump truck;
• Wheel formula - 4 × 2;
• Gross vehicle weight, kg - 2710;
• Full mass of the road train, kg - 7500;
• Carrying capacity, kg - 2500;
• Platform area, m2 - no data;
• Platform volume, m3 - no data;
• Curb weight, kg - 2710;
• Maximum speed (km / h) - 70;
• The GAZ-51 engine is carbureted, 2800 rpm;
• Engine power (hp) - 70;
• Transmission - Mechanical;
• Number of gears - 4;
• The gear ratio of the driving axles - no data;
• Suspension - leaf springs;
• Tire size - 7.50-20;
• Fuel tank - 90;
• Cab - Double, bonneted layout.

Overall dimensions of the GAZ 51 truck

GAZ-51 modifications

Based on the basic model of the GAZ-51, many different modifications were created. Vans, buses, various special equipment were produced. Trucks had their own equipment for the operation of machines in hot climatic conditions. "Lawns" were also supplied for the Soviet army, exported to countries with a temperate climate. There was also fire fighting equipment, mail vans and aerial platforms were produced. Cars were produced that could run on natural or oil gas.

Here are some of the main modifications created on the basis of the GAZ-51:

Specifications

During all the modernizations being carried out, the curb weight of the GAZ 51 gradually decreased, and ultimately became a little more carrying capacity. The cabin was also improved - in the first post-war years it was mostly wooden. But the production of metal in the country was gradually improving, and closer to 1950, the lining of the GAZ 51 became combined, even later the cab was produced only all-metal.

The cabins of the pre-war GAZ 51 cabins were more reminiscent of passenger cars of those years in appearance. But before the launch of the truck in the series, the design of the cab was changed - it began to resemble a Studebaker, but only in a reduced form. Since 1956, the interior of the car was made heated; before that, the GAZ 51 was not equipped with a stove.

It looks like a stove for a car gas 41

GAZ 51 had the following technical characteristics:

• Cabin - stamped metal with rounded shapes;
• Number of seats in the cockpit - 2;
• The mass of a fully equipped vehicle is 2710 kg;
• Carrying capacity - 2.5 tons;
• Wheel drive - rear (4x2);
• The maximum permitted speed is 70 km / h;
• The maximum permissible crankshaft speed is 2800 rpm;
• Gearbox - mechanical 4-speed, unsynchronized;
• Main gear - bevel type;
• Engine displacement - 3.485 liters;
• The number of cylinders in the engine - 6;
• The location of the valves in the internal combustion engine - lower, in the cylinder block;
• Compression ratio (with an aluminum cylinder head) - 6.2;
• Ground clearance - 24.5 cm;
• Fuel consumption of 20 liters per 100 km (perhaps underestimated data).

Technical characteristics of the GAZ 51 truck

Mini-tractors designed by the readers of "M-K" are usually intended for general agricultural work. They have a track that is rigidly determined by the size of the bridge, which can only be changed by rearranging the elements to the wheel, when the different arrangement of the disks and rims allows the machine to be adjusted to one or another row spacing. An interesting technical solution to a long-standing design problem, which allows minimizing the risk of damaging plants when processing row spacing with a mini-tractor, was proposed by V. Chirkov from the settlement of Lotoshina (Moscow region). In his new agricultural machine MT-7 (about the previous ones, highly appreciated by specialists at the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements, see "M-K" 2/83), the track width can be easily changed. As they say, by order! After all, the front axle of this mini-tractor is sliding, and the required track width along the rear axle (taken from the GAZ-51 car with its subsequent shortening according to the original method) is achieved by replacing the usual wheel (right) with a special one, with a welded hub.

Mini-"Kirovets" - from serial units

I do not consider myself a beginner in the creation of homemade means of small-scale mechanization. If only for the reason that many of my developments have long been "replicated" by other amateurs of making everything with their own hands, and the best ones, such as the MT-5 mini tractor, have won awards even at the main exhibition of the country. But I do not feel special traction for motoblocks. Moreover - to "industrial". They often reveal a lot of flaws. Parts break, belt drives "burn". And how to restore! In addition to everything, in my opinion, walk-behind tractors are too light for cultivating the soil for potatoes: they skid. Mowing is also child's play. As, however, and when providing transport work (complete with a trailer trolley).

I am convinced that the farm needs a more versatile and powerful mechanical assistant - a mini-tractor. He is not indifferent to the creation of such machines: the seventh is already in the account. The new development (MT-7) has somewhat larger dimensions from the one published in “MK” - it is as much as 650 mm longer. It would be possible to squeeze the entire structure (see illustrations) into the previous dimensions, if I had at my disposal a good combined gearbox instead of two connected in series. But, alas, homemade people often do not have ample opportunities in purchasing the necessary units and blocks. They take it differently - with a natural eye.

In particular, I managed to arrange everything in such a way that the maneuverability of the new, more powerful than the previous designs, mini-tractor remained practically the same as that of the MT-5. Mainly due to the removal of the engine forward, like the well-known "Kirovtsa". Although the ultra-high maneuverability of this machine when plowing is not so necessary. Indeed, with a working width of 500 mm or more, it is possible at the end of each run not to turn around, but ... to feed back. Moreover, the speed of the new mini-tractor when plowing the land is 2 times higher than that of the MT-5.

The MT-7 was assembled mainly from serial components and assemblies of old equipment. All of them, of course, had to be sorted out, worn out parts were renewed. Moreover, he tried not to radically alter the used serial units and assemblies. Firstly, because if any of them fail, the replacement will not present any particular difficulties. Secondly, I was convinced: alterations, which some amateur designers willingly go to, sometimes threaten with a decrease in the strength and reliability of what is being altered.

Take, for example, the input shaft of a gearbox from a GAZ-51 car. Using KP-51 in the construction of a homemade mini-tractor, it is difficult to resist the temptation to shorten it. But after all, cutting off the shaft, they remove the most valuable thing - the splines. And now, to fix the sprocket, gear, etc. on the shaft, you have to drill a hole in it for a bolt or grind a groove for a key. Superfluous, in my opinion, work! In addition, the bolt is not a slot: under heavy load it can simply shear. And be a self-made man more prudent, do not shorten, take care of the shaft - no problems will arise. After all, a clutch disc with removed linings can be easily put on the splines, to which you can attach elementary any part: a flange, an asterisk, etc. In addition, there is enough space on the shaft to install additional power take-off devices for other units: a water pump, a mower, circular saw ...

1 - power unit (engine from a GAZ-69 car with a primary gearbox and clutch), 2 - a steered (front) wheel (2 pcs., From a Volga car), 3 - an additional gearbox (from a GAZ-51 car with power take-off and NSh oil pump), 4 - rear axle (from the GAZ-51 car, shortened), 5 - the drive (rear) wheel (2 pcs., from the MTZ-52 tractor, on wheel disks from the GAZ-51 car), 6 - open flanged couplings.

The power unit also has no alterations or modifications, which is used as an almost trouble-free engine from a GAZ-69 car with a capacity of 55 hp. with., together with its gearbox (having three speeds forward and one reverse) and clutch. Torque from KP-69, which in this case is the primary gearbox, is transmitted to KP-51 directly, without "soft" connections, thanks to flanges fastened tightly with bolts. In a similar way, the KP-51 is also connected with the cardan flange mounted on the main gear drive gear. Distortions are naturally unacceptable here. The exact center of the longitudinal line of the installation of the power transmission units connected in series from the engine to the rear axle wheels can be observed if the preliminary assembly itself is carried out, as they say, on the weight, placing everything on supports so that the units are in the same horizontal plane. Having achieved the absence of beats, the bolts on the flanges (couplings) are rigidly fixed. Then the structure is transferred to the minitractor frame, which is an isosceles trapezoid (2400 mm high, with bases of 680 mm and 550 mm), made of a 120x50 mm channel by welding, with a wide butt outward. Power and running units are fastened “in place”, making the final adjustment of the kinematics (so that there are no distortions anywhere). Then the whole structure is tested. Let the engine run idle for some time by raising the rear wheels off the ground on the trestle. After making sure that everything is in order, they put the rest of the components and parts in their places.

Actually, I am not a supporter of blind copying of someone's, even the most successful, development. I am convinced that it is more rational to only focus on the scheme chosen as a prototype, using in its design those details and capabilities that a given DIYer has. Therefore, talking about the MT-7, I deliberately omit the description and specific dimensions of brackets, spacers and other "little things", the features of fastening certain parts and assemblies. Everyone, to the best of his strength and abilities, will solve the issues that arise during the manufacture of a mini-tractor, including replacing, say, a second, additional gearbox from a GAZ-51 car with a power take-off and NSh oil pump (which, for example, you have was not at hand) to similar ones taken from other equipment. Composing them into a single whole, we just need to remember: KP-51 has straight, small gear teeth; the other teeth, and the step of their cutting, are different. This means that the corresponding power take-offs are also needed.

The hydraulic pump is connected by petrol and oil resistant armored standard hoses with an oil distributor (of any type) and a hydraulic reservoir, a power cylinder for lifting attachments, a bulldozer shovel, and a trailer tipping mechanism.

The instrument panel is combined. The panel was taken from the KrAZ vehicle, the indicators - from other vehicles with 12-volt voltage.

On the right front fender of the MT-7, a rectangular hole is cut out - in order to see the position of the wheel while controlling its progress during hilling.

Convertible front axle

The "highlight" in the design of the MT-7 is the transforming front axle. The use of this technical solution allows you to easily and quickly change the track width of a mini-tractor, which becomes a truly reliable mechanical assistant not only when plowing a field, a vegetable garden, performing other (usual for machines of this kind) operations; you can perfectly process the aisles, plant and huddle potatoes, other root crops, taking into account the recommendations of science and practice.

At the heart of the idea I have proposed is structural elements telescopically sliding into each other. In this case, the dimensions of the structure itself change significantly. For example, when hilling potatoes, the front wheels of the MT-7 move away from each other, and the track width becomes not 1080 mm, as usual, but 1400 mm. For beds that are cut every 700 mm, this is the best option.

And such a profitable innovation is achieved quite simply. Instead of a single transverse beam, two channels are taken: 120x50 mm and 100x50 mm, fastened to each other with three M12 bolts. The length of the channels is 680 mm and 730 mm, respectively. When the track widens, the bolts are unscrewed. The upper channel, easily sliding along the lower one, extends to the required distance (in this case 320 mm). Then both channels are bolted again.

Naturally, when extending the front axle, it is necessary to increase the length of the transverse link. The latter is made up of two pieces of steel angles nested into each other and fastened together with three M8 bolts. When changing the tracks, the bolts are unscrewed. Having extended the transverse rod to the required length, the corners are again bolted together.

Features of the implementation of the remaining units and elements of the front axle are clear from the illustrations. I will only note that at the bottom, in the middle of a 120x50 mm channel cross-beam, a sleeve is welded, which is a piece of seamless steel pipe 30x5 mm (GOST 8734-75) 120 mm long. An axle in the form of an M20 bolt is inserted into the sleeve, passing through the holes in two transverse brackets (made of 50x50 mm angle), screwed to the mini-tractor frame symmetrically relative to the composite cross beam. The latter balances on an axle-bolt, turning when driving on uneven soil at an angle limited on both sides by stops from a 45x45 mm corner. Brackets for a more rigid fixation are additionally reinforced with two braces connected to the mini-tractor frame.

The steering column is from the UAZ-452 car. My mechanical assistant has it on the right side. Therefore, the fastening of the steering gear with a steering gear to the MT-7 itself is not particularly difficult. As for the lever, it is removed from the slots and then, turning, it is put back on, but in a vertical position.

Tie rod! For all the unusualness of its sliding, concisely stated design, it is not so difficult to make this important link. Especially for someone who is familiar with gas electric welding. After all, you just need to weld the tips with ball fingers to an elementary system of two corners of 30 × 30 mm sliding over each other, fastened with three M8 bolts.

Helps out a special wheel

So, when hilling, say, potatoes, the front left wheel moves out together with a channel 100x50 mm and a corner of 30x30 mm sideways by 320 mm. The track on the front axle becomes 1400 mm. The track on the rear axle also increases by an appropriate amount. But not due to the transformation of the latter, but by installing in place the left rear wheel of another: a special one with a special design (see drawing).

It is easy to see that this removable wheel, used only when working with an extended track, differs from the usual wheel with a welded hub. Located between the "main" and "annular" parts of the disc cut by autogenous, the latter, as it were, increases the length of the rear beam. And instead of the standard for the MT-7 track on the rear axle - 1000 mm - it turns out (taking into account the "automobile" way of fixing this wheel) 1400 mm.

Unlike the front wheels with 6.5-16 tires (from the Volga car), the MT-7 rear wheels have tires from the MTZ-52 tractor, the size of which (6.5-20) makes it easy to mount them on wheel disks from the GAZ-51 car. The removable wheel is no exception here either.

Herringbone tread pattern. To increase the adhesion weight of the mini-tractor, it is possible to recommend screwing on removable loads or filling the chamber through a valve by about 2/4 of its volume with water (with the onset of low temperatures - a 25% aqueous solution of calcium chloride, freezing at minus 32 ° C). With an increase in soil moisture, when the mutual connection of its particles is violated, an increase in the traction force by the above method is not ensured. In these cases, it is advisable to reduce the tire pressure.

Rear axle: long - shorten!

The rear axle from the GAZ-51 car is attractive to many amateur mini-equipment designers. Its reliability, availability, finally. But here's the length ...

First of all, of course, it is necessary to clean the ZM by removing old oil and adhering dirt. Then the rear axle is disassembled into separate parts. Unscrew the corresponding nuts, remove the axle shafts (see Fig.), And by halving the crankcase, remove the differential.

On the ZM stockings, the heads of the rivets are cut off with a sharp chisel and, with the help of a punch, they are “sunk” inward, so that then with a sledgehammer, carefully knock the stockings out of the body. If necessary, sometimes it is necessary to warm up the seats with a blowtorch. And in order not to suffer later during assembly, achieving exact alignment of mutually mating parts with each other, - take care of the timely application of special marks on the stockings and the differential case (with a chisel, until the component parts are separated).

The stockings are machined along the diameter of the seating surface to the spring cushion, after which the left cutter is shortened by 180 mm, and the right one - by 235 mm from the side of the differential. The trimmed stockings are inserted back into their sockets. And in order to secure them thoroughly, through the old holes in the differential, where previously there were rivets knocked out inside, new ones are drilled into the stockings. Previous (or specially made with a diameter of 0.1 mm larger) rivets are driven into these holes and welded flush with electric welding. After assembling the entire axle, it is installed on the mini-tractor. This ZM is attached to the frame with M12 bolts passing through the holes prudently made in the right places. Dimension A (see fig.) Is chosen so that the minimum track width on the rear axle is 1000 mm.

As for the semiaxes, they are drilled from the flange side strictly in the center to a depth equal to the thickness of this flange itself. The drill diameter is slightly less than the semiaxis diameter. Next, the semiaxis is machined along the diameter of the drill to the appropriate length (see Fig., Size B). For the right axle shaft it will be 235 mm, and for the left axle it will be 180 mm. Each is inserted into its own flange and welded thoroughly on both sides (use electric welding, not autogenous!). To prevent the metal from being "released", the semi-shaft with the flange is periodically cooled with water. Then the axle shafts are shortened, removing everything unnecessary with a cutter on a lathe.

1 - hood, 2 - radiator, 3 - fan, 4 - chassis frame, 5 - engine, 6 - air filter, 7 - front axle, 8 - GAZ-69 gearbox, 9 - instrument panel, 10 - toolbox, 11 - steering wheel with a column, 12 - gear lever, 13 - handbrake lever, 14 - overdrive lever, 15 - clutch pedal, 16 - accelerator pedal, 17 - gearbox from the GAZ-51 car, 18 - seat from UAZ-452 car, 19 - hydraulic valve switch lever, 20 - hydraulic valve, 21 - hydraulic power cylinder, 22 - rear axle from GAZ-51, 23 - subframe, 24 - hydraulic tank, 25 - gas tank, 26 - tail, 27 - tarpaulin awning removable.

1 - wheel (from the car "Volga", 2 pcs.), 2 - left steering unit (relative to the direction of travel), 3 - M12 bolt with nut (3 pcs.), 4 - lower transverse beam (channel 120x50 mm), 5 - welded bushing (120-mm pipe section 30x5 mm), 6 - axle (M20 bolt), 7 - M20 nut with washer, 8 - subframe-bracket (corner 50x50 mm), 9 - upper transverse beam (channel 100x50 mm) , 10 - hub assembly (2 pcs.), 11 - right steering assembly (relative to the direction of travel), 12 - transverse thrust (two telescopically sliding corners 30x30 mm), 13 - welded frame (channel 100x50 mm), 14 - stop (angle piece 45x45 mm, length 120 mm, 2 pcs.), 15 - M8 bolt with nut (3 pcs.).

1 - the main part of the wheel disc (from the GAZ-51 car), 2 - the welded hub, 3 - the annular part of the wheel disc (from the GAZ-51 car), 4 - the wheel (front from the MTZ-52 tractor).

1 - left wheel disk, 2 - left spring, 3 - left half-shaft, 4 - left stocking, 5 - rivets, 6 - left half of the crankcase, 7 - cardan flange, 8 - nut, 9 - right half of the crankcase, 10 - right stocking , 11 - right axle shaft, 12 - right spring, 13 - right wheel disk, 14 - axle shaft flange.

55 horsepower from a mini-tractor, created by the longtime author of "MK" V. Chirkov from the Moscow Region Lotoshin. Among the successful technical solutions found by the amateur designer, there is a compact arrangement of units and parts on the frame (see photo), a wheel, turning which by 180 ° achieves an operational change in the track width along the rear axle, telescopically sliding structural elements of the transforming front axle ... And what is important for any farm is a set of mounted implements that allows you to successfully plow and cultivate even the most difficult soils.

The author of the design continues to talk about the features of his mechanical assistant.

In the field and in the garden

So that the mini-tractor does not stand idle, you need to take care of a set of various mounted and trailed agricultural implements. And above all for high-quality plowing, mechanized planting (say, the same potatoes, other valuable crops), inter-row cultivation and harvesting of the grown crop.

1-4 - hillers with their serial numbers, 5 - cultivator with a lancet paw (for loosening the ground trampled by the left wheels of the mini-tractor), 6 - adjustable rubberized wheel, 7 - hillers frame (corner 50x50 mm), 8 - attachment point to the stretcher mini-tractor, 9 - rear wheels of a mini-tractor, 10 - soil profile when cutting ridges (hillers 1-3 and cultivator 5 are pubescent, hiller 4 is raised), 11 - soil profile when planting potato tubers (first run; hillers 1-2 and the cultivator 5 are lowered, the hiller 4 is raised 1/2 the height of the first, the hiller is raised or removed), 12 is the soil profile during the next entry of the mini-tractor on planting potatoes (the position of the hillers and the cultivator is similar to the previous point), 13 - potato tubers ( oriented sprouts up).

For plowing, I recommend acquiring one- and one-and-a-half-horse plows, which you can make on your own - fortunately, suitable drawings were published in M-K. These tillage implements are installed in the nests of a special frame: welded, from a channel 80x40 mm (see illustrations), which has a special adjustment mechanism, a rubberized wheel and an actuator for the hydraulic drive of the suspension. And since the MT-7 has the right wheels when plowing along the furrow, the plows are preset with such a deviation from the vertical to the right so that during operation they take a perpendicular position (compensation is provided by the tilt of the mini-tractor body itself). Accordingly, the toe of each plow must be turned 1-2 degrees, but already to the left. Then the resistance of the earth, "choosing" all the gaps, will turn the machine (again to the right), and both tools will be in the longitudinal plane of the mini-tractor.

1 - adjustable rubberized wheel (from decommissioned agricultural machinery), 2 - horse plow, 3 - one and a half or two-horse plow, 4 - adjusting mechanism, 5 - welded plow frame (channel 80x40 mm), 6 - hydraulic suspension actuator, 7 - hydraulic cylinder, 8 - welded mini-tractor frame, 9 - subframe (from decommissioned agricultural machinery).

The ridges are cut by three hillers (see the corresponding illustration). When planting tubers, the hillers are rearranged, respectively, into other nests, and with one run of the mini-tractor, the tubers planted in the finished furrow are covered with hillers on both sides. At the same time, the third hiller, installed to the left of the second by 350 mm and slightly behind it, cuts a new furrow for planting the tubers of the next row. That is, in one pass, the MT-7 performs both the filling of the previous one and the preparation of a new furrow.

When hilling potatoes, the front axle, as mentioned earlier, moves apart from one, left side, to a track of 1400 mm. The rear left wheel is replaced by another - a special one with a welded extended hub (see the variant in the photo). And there is no damage to the processed potatoes.

Technical characteristics of the mini-tractor

Overall dimensions, mm: 2650x1100x1400

Base, mm: 1470

Track (variable), mm

on the front axle: 1080-1400

on the rear axle: 1000-1400

Weight (without trailer and mounted implements), kg: 500

Engine: GAZ-69

Engine power, hp from. : 55

Maximum transport speed, km / h: 40

Working speed minimum, km / h: 1

Capture width for plowing, mm: 500

V. CHIRKOV, Lotoshino settlement, Moscow region

The GAZ 53 car has a driving rear axle, a beam is installed on the front axle. Both axles are fastened with springs, shock absorbers are present only on the front suspension. On the rear axle of the "53rd", a gable wheel is provided, that is, four wheels are installed at the back.

Finishing the cab of the GAZ 53 truck

The rear axle on the GAZ-53 is one of the most important units on which the vehicle's performance depends. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically inspect the rear axle parts and adjust it.

The GAZ 53 rear axle includes the following parts:

8.2 liters of transmission oil are poured into the rear axle housing. A check plug is screwed on the right side of the gearbox housing. After unscrewing the plug, check the oil level in the bridge, pour or add oil through the same hole to the required level. The bridge is considered filled when oil begins to flow back from the control hole during filling.

Disassembled reducer for gas 53

For filling the bridge, the plant provides for TSP-14GIP oil, but nowadays it is practically not found anywhere. It is recommended to use TAD-17 or TAP-15 as a replacement. A breather is installed in the "stocking" of the bridge, which acts as an air valve. If the breather is clogged, due to the excess air pressure, oil may begin to flow from the seals of the axle shafts. There is a drain plug at the bottom of the crankcase.

Specifications:

• Gear ratio - 6.83 (the number of teeth on the driven gear - 41, on the drive gear - 6);
• The assembled weight of the bridge is 270 kg;
• The main pair gears are of the hypoid type;
• Differential - gear, bevel type;
• Rear wheel track (distance from the center of the paired wheels on one side to the center of the other) - 1.69 m.

It should be noted that the rear axle in its basic design is no different from the GAZ 53 axle, and the gear ratio is the same.

It looks like a rear axle for GAZ 66

The axle for externally is absolutely the same with the 53rd, but it has a different gear ratio of 6.17, that is, it is faster (the number of teeth on a pair is 37 by 6).

Rear axle inspection

In order to inspect all the parts of the rear axle, you must first soak these parts in a washing solution. This does not apply to bearings. Further, the parts must be thoroughly rinsed and inspected. Those parts on which you find cracks must be replaced without fail.

This is what the rear axle gearbox looks like.

Its weight is 69 kg.

Now let's start examining the drive and driven gears. This is where we look for wear or tear. If there is at least one flaw, it is better to change the gear immediately, no need to try to repair it. The effect will not last long.

After that, you can proceed to the bearing rings. Here they need to be inspected for scuffing and uneven wear. Pay special attention to the roller ends.

Gas bridge device 53.

To check the screwing in of the nuts, you need to install the bearing cover, and tighten the nuts. If the nuts turn without any problems, then everything is fine. Immediately, you should also inspect the end of the propeller shaft flange, which is connected to the bearing of the drive gear. The butt should be perfectly smooth. If not, then sand it.

The oil passages on the bearing sleeve must be periodically cleaned. Inspect it for damage, burrs, etc.

Make sure the bearings fit snugly on all seating surfaces to ensure your differential will last for a long time. You should also check the runout of the driven gear. If the runout does not correspond to the norm, then look for the reason for this in the gear, which may have been deformed. Or maybe the differential box is damaged or the bearing is worn out.

Rear axle malfunctions

There are certain signs by which it can be determined that the rear axle needs adjustment, repair or replacement. The most noticeable and commonplace sign is if the car does not move, and its rear wheels do not spin. This can happen if the bridge has been running for some time without any lubrication. But this happens quite rarely - not all drivers bring their car to such a deplorable state. Also, the car will not drive if the axle shaft bursts.

The sign of a faulty bridge is:

Read also

Diagnostics and repair of springs on the GAZ-53 truck

Rear noise can occur not only due to a faulty final drive, hub bearings often make noise. But the nature of the sound here is somewhat different - it is constantly present at any speed, and if there is a howl, then at a lower frequency. Checking the humming bearing is easy - you need to lift any rear wheel on a jack and twist it by hand. Bearing noise will be heard when rolling.
Breakdowns can be different, there are different reasons for them:

• Harsh operating conditions;
• Poor quality of transmission oil or its non-compliance with technical standards;
• Poor quality of spare parts;
• Late maintenance.

The main gears and tapered bearings in the rear axle gearbox primarily suffer from an insufficient amount of oil or its poor quality. The satellites in the differential also do well - the teeth lose their mirror surface, sometimes partially crumble.

The gears of the main drive must be changed in pairs - at the factory they "roll" to each other. If you change only the drive or driven gear, then it will not work well to adjust the clearance, and the bridge will still howl.

GAZ 53 rear axle clearance adjustment

But what its resource with increased noise is is another question.
In practice, there were cases when with a howling rear axle GAZonchik "drive up to 100 thousand km (of course, in conditions of careful operation and appropriate care). But the bridge is not predictable - it can jam even after 50 km.

If the bridge suddenly hums, the first step is to check the condition and oil level. If water gets into the oil, then the bridge can also make noise on the emulsion, especially the hum will be noticeable at speeds above 60 km / h. It is often advised to add sawdust to a noisy bridge, as if this method allows you to eliminate the hum. But this method is questionable - it is unlikely that the worn out teeth of the main gear will recover from this.

Front axle

The front axle is not a massive beam, which is the supporting base for the entire front suspension. I-beam, its ends have lugs for installing pivot pins using a pivot connection. The pivots (steering knuckles), in turn, are connected to the steering rods, through which the wheels are turned. Bronze or brass bushings are pressed into the seats (eyes) for the pivots. On the steering knuckles, the front wheel hubs are mounted on the bearings, and the bearings are filled with a thick "lithol" -type grease.

Front axle malfunctions

With the beam itself, only one trouble can happen - the seats for the pivot bushings will develop. It is not easy to bend or break such a massive element. But first of all, the pins and the bushings themselves wear out.

Front axle drawing for GAZ 53

In order for the pivot joint to serve for a long time, it is necessary to regularly inject it with lithol or other grease. Special grease nipples are provided for injecting on the suspension - they are located on the lower and upper lugs of each pivot pin.

A knock on the front wheels may be a sign of a front axle malfunction. Knocking occurs due to increased play in the pivot connections.

Determining the defect is easy - you need to hang one front wheel on a jack and shake it up and down. It is believed that if the backlash is more than 1.6 mm, the pins and bushings must be replaced. But how these millimeters are measured is not very clear. It's just that with a noticeable gap it's time to repair the front axle. On the front axle, hub bearings may make noise. The defect in the front bearing is checked in the same way as on the rear axle - the wheel is hung and scrolled.

Checking the bearing of the front axle GAZ 53

When a defect is detected, the defective parts are changed.