Rules for the organization of temporary parking

Arrangement of parking places for cars. When a motor road passes through a settlement near public centers, administrative and cultural facilities, shops, canteens, places of interest, temporary parking (parking lots) should be provided.

Regulatory requirements for the need for parking lots are mainly regulated by SNiP 2.07.01 - 89 “Urban planning. Planning in the buildings of urban and rural settlements "and SNiP 21-02 - 99 *" Car parking ".

Determining the required parking space based on local needs assessments can be done by the following methods:

by the number of inhabitants. The number of parking spaces in the downtown area is taken within 0.5 ... 1% of the total population;

the number of cars in the city. In the business part of the city, there will be one parking lot for every 5 - 8 cars registered in the city;

traffic flows. One parking lot for 7 ... 9% of cars entering the business part of the city annually.

Open parking lots for temporary storage of passenger cars should be provided for at least 70% of the estimated fleet of individual passenger cars, including:

residential areas - 25%;

industrial and communal storage zones (districts) - 25%;

citywide and specialized centers - 5%;

zones of mass short-term rest - 15%.

It should be noted that the envisaged norms lag significantly behind the level of motorization in Russia, therefore, in practice, the area of \u200b\u200bparking lots should be significantly higher.

A diagram showing the main classification features of temporary parking lots is shown in Fig. 1.1.

It should be avoided in populated areas the arrangement of parking lanes at the edge of the carriageway, as well as the permission of parking on the side of the road. Car parks can be of a linear type, located parallel to the road outside the carriageway and separated from it by a dividing strip or fences, or in the form of special sites outside the road, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

Arrangement of cars in linear parking lots - longitudinal, on sites - different, depending on the area and the required parking capacity.

Figure: 1.1.

Figure: 1.2.

a - parking lot of the linear type; b - a parking lot;

1 - transitional speed lanes; 2 - service objects;

3 - parking lot; 4 - dividing lines

car parking need placement

Car parks should be located outside the carriageway in the immediate vicinity of the visited object at a distance of no more than 100 m. Entrances and exits from car parks should not impede or delay the movement of vehicles on the road.

The required parking area is assigned depending on the type of object to be visited and traffic intensity on the road.

The planning characteristics of parking lots (cell dimensions for parking a car, passage widths, turning radii, areas for maneuvering) are determined by the vehicle arrangement scheme.

Cell sizes are set according to the type of vehicle. For urban conditions, the type of car most common among potential users of parking lots is taken as the design type.

In Russia, the calculations are based on the following: for parking lots for personal use - a subcompact type of car of the VAZ family, for service parking lots - a car "Volga". If it is supposed to park trucks and buses, for example, in a suburban part of the city, the calculated type of such vehicles is chosen depending on the composition of the traffic flow.

A single vehicle bay must be able to accommodate the vehicle itself and allow you to walk around it.

For this, the dimensions of the sides of the cell should be 0.5 m larger than the corresponding dimensions of the car (Fig. 1.3), which provides a gap of 1 m between the cars, sufficient for a pedestrian to pass between them.

When a car park is located along the road, it becomes difficult to enter and leave the cell.

Figure: 1.3.

L, W - the length and width of the design vehicle, respectively

To facilitate the use of such a parking lot, the cells are combined in two and leave a gap of at least 2 m between them. If buses are likely to be parked, this gap can be increased to 3 m (Fig. 1.4).

Special lanes should be provided for parking on the carriageway. The width of these lanes is less than for traffic, and, depending on the type of cars stopping on the road, is 2.5 ... 3 m.

On roads in residential areas with a low intensity of car and pedestrian traffic, parking is allowed with a drive onto the sidewalk. In this case, the lateral slope of the sidewalk increases and the height of the side stone decreases to 5 ... 10 cm. The free part of the sidewalk must have a width of at least 1.5 m, sufficient for the arrangement of two lanes for pedestrian traffic (Fig. 1.5).

Figure: 1.4.

1 - parking spaces; 2 - dividing line; 3 - pedestrian crossing

Figure: 1.5.

a - arrangement of cars along the roads; b - transverse arrangement; c - angle placement; d, e - partial use of the sidewalk; e - placement on the sidewalk.

The dimensions of the planning elements for off-street parking lots depend on the car placement scheme: as the placement angle approaches the straight line, the capacity of the parking lane increases, but at the same time the required passage width between the rows increases.

In case of multi-row installation of cars, the cell size for one car is also the main one (Fig. 1.6).

Figure: 1.6.

a - at a right angle; b - at an acute angle

The choice of the car placement scheme depends on the width of the site where the parking lot is located: as the installation angle decreases, the required parking width decreases; the average area per one machine space increases to 12%.

In order to ensure road safety, it is necessary to prohibit stopping and parking of all types of vehicles on the side of the road. An exception is vehicles that are faulty and damaged as a result of an accident. Stopping of vehicles should be ensured on parking lanes located on the roadside and on special areas arranged along the road outside the roadbed.

Parking lanes must be arranged on roads of categories I - III on the surface of the roadbed along the carriageway in places where cars can stop. Parking lanes must have a hard surface, preferably the same as on the carriageway, and be separated from it by markings or a dividing strip.

The distance between the parking lanes is determined by local conditions. It is desirable that this distance be no more than 5 km.

The length of the parking lanes is determined depending on the possible number of stopping cars at the rate of 10 m for a stopped car and 15 m for a truck. The number of places in the parking lanes must be at least three.

In the absence of information about the needs for stopping vehicles, you can use the recommendations given in table. 2.

When the number of stopping cars is more than 5 - 7, it is advisable to arrange special areas, separated from the carriageway, for stops and parking of cars instead of parking lanes.

Table 2.

Fewest parking lane spaces

The width of the parking lanes must be sufficient to accommodate the estimated truck and is assumed to be at least 3 m.

List of references

1. Pugachev I.N. Organization and road safety: a textbook for students. higher. study. institutions / I.N. Pugachev, A.E. Gorev, E.M. Oleshchenko. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2009. - 272 pages.

Finding a good parking lot is not an easy task. And you need to approach it responsibly, if you do not want to find your faithful horse not in full complement one fine morning. Well, or not at all - that's how lucky someone is.

Therefore, be proactive and choose a really good parking lot where nothing happens to your car. True, everyone has their own concept of "good", so you should consider all possible options, evaluate the pros and cons, and only then make a decision. Paid parking seems reliable, but not all people are ready to include this item in their budget. Someone chooses underground parking, and someone does parking at stores - in short, the choice is large.

Much depends on how long you need parking. If we are talking about a short period of time - for example, you need to go to a supermarket or you go on a business trip for a day, and arrived at the airport by car, you can get by with local parking. But there are also two options - free and paid. The advantages of free parking are obvious - saving money. However, remember that no one is responsible for your car in this parking lot.

Of course, if you leave the car for just a couple of minutes, you shouldn't worry too much - the chances that something will happen to it are extremely small. But if you need to leave the car for several hours or longer, take care of a paid parking lot - only in this case you can be sure that nothing will happen to your car.

But remember that a paid temporary parking lot is not the one where some unknown persons took the money and disappeared in an unknown direction, but the one where your car will be accepted, you will be given a receipt confirming that you have transferred the car for storage. As a rule, temporary parking lots are paid by the hour - that's why they are temporary.

Permanent parking

For permanent storage of the car, it is worth resorting to other types of parking.

Municipal parking.

The most common of them are municipal parking lots, which are available in almost all more or less large cities. However, few people leaving cars there know the main thing - cars are not guarded there!

We foresee numerous objections - they say, how can it be, we pay money! Yes, car owners pay money, but for completely different services: cleaning household waste from the parking lot, placing cars in the parking lot and many others. But not security! Therefore, be sure to find out if there is such a service as car security at the parking lot you like.

Private car park.

The smartest choice is, of course, a guarded paid parking lot. Depending on the conscientiousness of the owners of the parking lot (which, by the way, largely depends on the price), the parking lot can be controlled only by security guards, or also by the whole video surveillance system. Therefore, you can sleep peacefully - your car is under reliable protection.

Even if something happens to her, the damage will be compensated to you in full. But only if everything is in order with the documents. Therefore, remember it as two or two: before giving preference to one or another parking lot, make sure that all documents are in order - the license must be in any case! Do not be too lazy to carefully read the contract for the provision of services - thereby you will protect yourself from unpleasant surprises.

The contract must contain not only complete data about the owner of the parking lot, but also data about the client - last name, first name, patronymic, registration address, full data about the vehicle itself. Only in this case you can be sure about the safety of your car.

When choosing a car park, consider several very important nuances. The first is the parking lot: it must be firm, ideally asphalt. The second is illumination. It would seem that such a trifle, but it was not so - if the parking lot is not lit, then even a video surveillance system may be useless in the dark. Finally, look for awnings if outdoor parking is not desirable for your car to be exposed to direct snow or rain.

Today, the services of car owners in large cities are the so-called mechanized parking lots. The principle of such parking is simple, like everything ingenious - the car is placed in a special box using a special device. Simple, fast, car protection is maximum - in a word, a dream, not parking.

True, such a parking lot still has a minus - a rather impressive cost. Therefore, it is far from accessible to everyone: most often, such parking lots are located in the territories of elite residential complexes and airports. If the price does not scare you, you can be absolutely calm about your iron horse.

Grandfather's method

Oddly enough, the most widespread car park today is spontaneous, under the windows of residential buildings. Despite the far from calm criminogenic situation in our country, the craving for freebies among our people is ineradicable - well, of course, this parking lot is completely free.

True, the consequences of such storage can be the most sad - a car can be stolen, parts removed, or simply robbed. And the fact that the car is right under your windows and the alarm is installed can only put you at peace. While there are some steps you can take to protect your vehicle:

Valuables.

Be sure to take all valuable things from the car - purses, handbags, radio tape recorders, telephones. More often than not, thieves are attracted to them, so you should not subject bad people to temptation. And this applies not only to the night time - this must be done even if you stopped by home for coffee.

Signaling.

Of course, an alarm is not a reliable protection against intruders who are seriously intent on stealing your car. However, the alarm system is quite capable of scaring off small thieves, and it will notify you that someone is encroaching on your car. Of course, this is only effective if the car is actually under the windows, and not somewhere in the backyard.

Car service enterprises include:

Car storage facilities (garages and parking lots);

Car service facilities (car washes, petrol stations, service stations).

A garage for cars is a building that includes four groups of premises:

1 - parking lot;

2 - production and storage facilities (premises for technical repair, maintenance, washing, tire fitting, warehouse of paints and varnishes, etc.);

3 - administrative and utility rooms (dressing rooms for storing drivers' clothes, showers, sanitary blocks, canteen or buffet, administration offices);

4 - premises for engineering services and maintenance services (ventilation chambers, fire-extinguishing pump chambers, water supply input nodes).

Garages and parking lots are classified according to various criteria:

Depending on the enclosing structures: closed and open;

In relation to the surface of the earth: underground and aboveground;

By devices for moving cars between floors: ramp and mechanized;

According to the internal layout of the storage area for cars: box and arena types;

By storage type: permanent and temporary.

Closed type overground car park - car park with external wall fences.

Underground parking - a room associated with the storage of cars in the basement floor, as well as in the basement floor with a ceiling top mark not higher than 2 m from the level of the ground level.

Open car park - car park without external wall rails. An open car park is also considered to be a structure that is open from at least two opposite sides of the greatest length.

Car parks with ramps (ramps) - car parks that use a series of constantly rising (lowering) floors or a series of connecting ramps between floors, which allow the car to move on its own from the ground level and to its level.

Mechanized parking lot - a parking lot in which vehicles are transported to storage places (cells) by special mechanized devices (without the participation of drivers).

Placement of garages and car parks on the site. Requirements for the master plan.

Garages and open parking lots for permanent storage of cars are provided for residential and adjacent industrial areas at the rate of at least 90% of the estimated number of individual vehicles with a pedestrian accessibility of no more than 800 m.Open parking spaces for temporary storage of cars are provided near objects of periodic or occasional visits and are carried out based on no less than 70% of the estimated fleet of passenger cars.

The size of the land plots of garages and parking lots for cars, depending on the number of storeys per one parking space, m2: 1-storey garages - 30; 2-storey - 20; 3-storey - 14; 4-storey - 12; 5-storey - 10.

The smallest distance from the entrance to the garages to the intersections of main streets is 50 m, local streets - 20 m, passenger transport stops - 30 m.

Placement of underground parking lots is allowed in undeveloped areas (under driveways, streets, squares, squares, lawns, etc.). Entrances to underground garages of cars should be at least 15 m away from windows of residential buildings, work premises of public buildings and areas of schools, kindergartens and hospitals. Distances from ground and ground-underground garages, open parking spaces intended for permanent and temporary storage of cars, and service stations to residential buildings and public buildings, as well as to areas of schools, kindergartens and stationary hospitals located in residential areas, should be taken not less than those listed in tab. one.

Table 1

A thorough study of the urban planning situation is the first and very important stage in solving any architectural problem. Parking is an industrial building, with its, at first glance, a narrow function, but it must also carry aesthetic qualities, moreover, with an architectural and volumetric-spatial solution, this object must not only fit in, but also transform the urban environment.

4. Features of the functional and technological process and space-planning solutions for multi-storey car parks.

Parking lots can be located below or above ground level, consist of underground and aboveground parts (underground and aboveground floors, including the use of the roof of these buildings), be attached to buildings for other purposes or be built into them, including located under these buildings in underground , basements, basements or in the lower above-ground floors, as well as located in a specially equipped open area at ground level. The underground floors of car parks should include floors when the floor of the premises is below the planning level of the ground by more than half the height of the premises.

Parking lots are allowed to be built into buildings of other functional purposes of I and II degrees of fire resistance, with the exception of preschool institutions, schools and medical institutions.

Above-ground parking lots can be provided with a height of no more than 9 floors, underground - no more than 5 underground floors.

In the buildings of parking lots, it is allowed to provide: office premises for service and duty personnel (control and cash points, control room, security), technical purposes (for engineering equipment), sanitary facilities, a storage room for clients' luggage, premises for disabled people, as well as public telephones and elevators for people. Their need, composition and area are determined by the project, depending on the size of the parking lot and the features of its operation. If it is necessary to install premises in the parking lot (according to the design assignment) for servicing vehicles (maintenance and technical repair posts, diagnostics and adjustment work, washing, etc.), a separate building, room or group of premises should be provided for these purposes. The entrances and entrances to these premises should be isolated from the entrances and entrances to the parking lot, and the height of these premises should be at least 2.8 m.

In multi-storey buildings of parking lots for moving vehicles, ramps (ramps), inclined floors or special elevators (mechanized devices) should be provided.

The number of ramps and, accordingly, the number of required exits and entrances in parking lots are determined depending on the number of cars located on all floors except the first (for underground parking - on all floors), taking into account the mode of using the parking lot, the estimated traffic intensity and planning solutions for its organization.

As a rule, the type and number of ramps can be taken according to the number of cars:

up to 100 - one single-track ramp with appropriate signaling;

up to 1000 - one double-track ramp or two single-track ramps;

over 1000 - two double-track ramps.

Underground parking lots and parking lots are built only as part of residential and public complexes, attracting customers through the service. However, you and I must be clearly aware that time is moving forward and the quality of the environment will inevitably require changes.

Parking lots can be divided into 5 categories: 1 - over 100 cars; 2 - from 51 to 100; 3 - 26 - 50; 4 - up to 25; 5 - up to 10. In parking lots 1 - 3 categories provide the whole complex of auxiliary, household and administrative premises. Cars can be stored in heated and unheated buildings, as well as under sheds.

The structure of this kind of structures includes the main areas: car storage area; service and repair; auxiliary and utility rooms; sanitary and household services; administrative and cultural premises.

Parking lots should have free space and flexible layout, allowing periodic changes in the technological scheme.

In the car service and repair sector, there are places for washing, inspection, lubrication and repair. The planning solution should take into account special equipment for lifting, charging batteries, and tire fitting. The number of repair posts depends on the number and type of rolling stock.

Vertical transport in multi-storey garages is equipped with electric lifts or vehicles can enter along inclined ramps. Ramps are suitable for single-track, single-lane and double-track.

The width of the carriageway is established according to the norms. To ensure safety, barriers are installed on the sides of the carriageway of the ramp. The capacity of one lane of the ramp is calculated according to a special method and averages 400 vehicles per hour.

Car lifts are made outside or inside. They can be dead-end with one-way loading and travel cards with two-way loading. There is 1 lift for every 50 cars.

In underground parking lots, rooms are provided only for storing cars, which must be divided by fireproof walls (within the fire resistance of at least 1 hour) into sections for storage in each of them no more than 100 vehicles. with a separate evacuation exit for people. To remove smoke in case of fire, special shafts or windows in pits are provided when placed below the ground level.

Planning parameters of parking lots. When designing premises for storing cars and posts of technical service (MOT) and technical repair (TR), the main factors that determine the size of structures are the dimensions of cars and the smallest radii of their turns. Table 2 shows the main overall characteristics of cars and minibuses (category 1), which are most common in design practice. Category 1 cars include cars with a length of up to 6 m and a width of up to 2.1 m.

When driving within the building, the car makes turns and other maneuvers, including when installing it at a storage place or for maintenance and repair. In this case, the so-called protective zones (recommended approximation) must be observed, which exclude mutual damage to the entering vehicle and vehicles standing in the same or opposite row (on the other side of the passage).

Table 3

Note.With an increase in the protective zones of the car, given in table. 2 by 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 m (but not more) the width of the internal passage (Table 4) can be reduced by 0.15; 0.3; 0.45 and 0.6 m.

The width of the internal passage in the storage rooms of vehicles and posts of maintenance and repair, given in table. 4, is determined taking into account the recommended approximation of a moving vehicle to the structures of a building (structure), to equipment and to vehicles at storage sites.

For conditions other than those given in table. 2 and 3, the planning parameters of the passage required in the design can be determined graphically using a template (Fig. 1).

Table 4

The template is made of a transparent material on the scale of the drawing, superimposed on it and rotated about the axis O. At the same time, it is recommended to fulfill the following conditions: in the storage rooms of cars at the entrance to the parking lot from building structures (equipment) to the entering vehicle, at least 0 2 m (protection zone), and on the opposite side from the entrance - not less than 0.7 m; at the posts of TO and TR, respectively - at least 0.3 and 0.8 m.

Figure: 1. Template for determining the width of the passage:

a - the length of the car; b - vehicle width; e - rear overhang; R - outer overall radius; g - the recommended approach of the car to the building structures (equipment) at the entrance; r - inner overall radius (determined in the process of building a template); O is the axis of rotation of the template.

Car arrangement schemes. In fig. 2 shows the most common layout types of parking lots.

Figure: 2. Planning types of parking lots:

a - arena; b - boxed; в - boxed in a closed room

In fig. 3 shows the location of storage areas and internal driveways (indicating their dimensions) for middle-class cars, provided that the minimum distances for the vehicles to approach each other and to the elements of building structures (equipment) given in tables 2, 3 and 4. of the arena type, the distance from the column to the nearest border of the passage is recommended to be about 0.5 m, while the constructive step along the passage will be about 7.1 m.

Figure: 3. Examples of car placement:

a - location at an angle of 90 degrees; b - location at 60 degrees; c - location at an angle of 90 degrees (boxes in a closed room); d - location at an angle of 45 degrees with two driveways.

When comparing the ones shown in Fig. 3 variants of the arrangement of cars, it follows that the most economical in terms of area per car (S sq.m) is a manege-type parking lot with a perpendicular arrangement of cars to the axis of passage (S \u003d 22.4 sq.m). Other sizes of sections and column spacing can also be used, but subject to the dimensions of storage areas and internal passages not less than those recommended in tables 2, 3, 4.

To organize the movement of vehicles vertically in multi-storey parking lots, ramps and elevators are used.

Traditionally, we call a parking lot by the word "parking" or "parking lot". But what is parking? Parking is the name for large engineering structures, both underground and aboveground, often of a multi-level type, which are intended for temporary storage of cars. Thus, "parking" is a modern type of car parks.

What is parking

In scientific terminology, parking (parking) is the process of transferring a technical device, including a car, to a static inoperative state in a specially designated place. In everyday life, the word "parking" refers to temporary parking places agreed with the authorities. At the same time, the term "parking lot" is often used to refer to large areas specially designated for car storage. And parking, as a rule, is one of the elements of the road network, and has a much smaller area and capacity. Usually, parking refers to simple areas or places where you can leave your car for a while.

Parking is the name for large engineering structures, both underground and aboveground, often of a multi-level type, which are also intended for temporary storage of cars. Thus, the question of what a parking lot is can be answered as follows: “parking” is a modern type of parking lot.

Although in the scientific sense, all three terms - "parking", "parking" and "parking" - are almost synonymous.

Why is the problem of constructing parking lots more and more urgent

The constant trend towards urbanization, the movement of population to cities, as well as the increase in the number of private cars, are leaving less and less space where you could park your car. While in Western countries the peak of motorization has actually passed, and the popularity of public transport is growing, in our country, movement in your own car is becoming the norm for most residents. This is facilitated by the constant rise in prices for public transport, the policy of the federal authorities and the trend towards individualization of the population, which began after the collapse of the USSR and continues to the present day.

In many cases, this even leads to a deterioration of the environmental situation, as more trees and other greenery are cut down for parking lots and parking lots. Traffic jams are on the rise, and car owners are increasingly stressed.

Centralized parking lots for Western countries are not uncommon for a long time. In our country, they are now also used more and more often. Investments in the construction of parking lots in cities are now very profitable in economic (and even environmental) terms. After all, the presence of several levels and the possibility of being located underground gives a good economy of space.

Parking lot design

Now centralized parking lots are being designed during the construction phase. Especially if these are train stations, airports, large shopping centers, theaters. To calculate the number of car places, SNiP criteria and other parameters are used. When drawing up the project of parking lots, professional specialists are involved.

But in our country, unauthorized parking lots are still common, for example, under the entrances of multi-storey buildings. Where parking lots have not been created, cars are left in the most convenient parking places.

Varieties of parking

According to the duration of storage of the vehicle and the operating mode of the parking lot, they are divided into the following types:

• Temporary - designed to find the car for a short time. They are often paid.
• Permanent. Used to store vehicles for a long time. They are usually fenced in and guarded.
• Seasonal. They work only during the holiday season, therefore they are typical for recreation areas.

By the nature of the location, the parking lot can be:

1. Overground. This can be a playground fenced with a high fence, a covered structure or a parking area with individual spaces.
2. Underground. They can be located on one or more underground floors and located under buildings or structures. When creating such a parking, it is mandatory to take into account the special requirements specified in the SNiP.
3. Parking areas on buildings. Usually they are built on houses with a small number of storeys, since the higher the roof of the building, the more difficult it is to deliver a car there. To raise and lower cars, elevators, escalators and special ramps are used. Typically, such parking lots are used in large shopping centers and offices.

Ground parking is the easiest and most traditional way to organize parking. Usually such an area is fenced and has a gate for cars to pass through. There is a kiosk at the gate to pay for a seat, and the cashier, as a rule, is also the guard of the vehicles left. However, in conditions of a deficit of territory, now more and more people prefer special parking facilities (that is, parking lots).

Parking lots can be surface, underground or combined. These are often multilevel structures. As a rule, such structures are covered. In addition to the actual parking lot, there may be workshops and other additional facilities.

Parking cost

The advantages of parking are obvious. But what about the parking price? The maintenance of parking lots, as well as their construction, is much more expensive than open parking lots. All this, of course, is reflected in the prices for a car seat. The price for parking in the most modern multi-level car parks can be huge. And the marketing value of parking lots in monetary terms is very high.

The most prestigious parking lots in Russia

If you do not take foreign countries, then the most prestigious parking lots are those in Moscow. For example, there is such a multi-level parking in Sevan. It was built with the support of the People's Garage program. Another multi-storey complex for parking a car and with a developed infrastructure is on Letnikovskaya. A number of new parking complexes are under construction - Moscow parking lots.

The most advanced version of parking is considered to be a structure equipped with a special lift for cars to the parking place.

What is taken into account when constructing a parking lot

Modern car parks are rather complex structures, the construction of which requires careful preliminary preparation. Initially, a construction project is being developed. This is a complex and time-consuming process, comparable to the development of construction projects for buildings or engineering structures. This takes into account various factors, both technical and legal. Only professionals can do this kind of work.

The set of necessary documents is similar to the one that is collected before the construction of residential buildings. As practice shows, the quick payback of parking complexes makes them an attractive investment.

The project documents indicate the maximum parking capacity, area and estimated income level.

Multi-storey car parks are serious capital structures. They have a wide driveway, a facade, and dedicated spaces for cars. The parking lots are equipped with ventilation, video surveillance, a fire safety system, an alarm, a lighting system and other amenities. All this attracts a larger number of customers and distinguishes parking lots from conventional parking lots, including paid ones.

When organizing a parking lot, it is imperative to take into account such customer requirements as:

• 24-hour security system for cars and people.
• Lighting and flooring quality.
• Availability of entrance and exit passages.
• Adequate parking space, that is, a sufficient amount of space allocated for the car.

There are additional requirements for such parking lots:

1. The presence of a heating system and climate control.
2. Ventilation, waterproofing, environmental control device.
3. Ensuring the smooth operation of mobile communications.
4. Providing a better view, which is achieved by a higher ceiling height, high-quality lighting, a wider entry and exit zones, and individual design solutions.

Most often, in underground parking there are no more than three levels, since more of them are considered economically inexpedient and may be limited by local legislation.

What is the opinion of Russian motorists

Underground parking lots provide more conditions for car owners than parking lots or parking lots, so reviews about parking lots should be better. However, in our country, the parking system is poorly organized, which is reflected in a large number of negative comments from motorists.

Thus, the article answered the question of what a parking is.

Parking lots are a whole complex of structures, structures, fenced areas, floating landing stages. You can find out more about the types of parking lots on this page.

The requirements for them are determined by SP 113.13330.2012 / SNIP 21-02-99 * and depend on the type of parking lot, its volume and location.

Normative base

A complete list of regulatory documents that may be needed when building a parking lot can be found here.

Requirements for engineering networks

All structures of these networks are mounted taking into account the sets of rules:

All engineering networks installed in built-in-attached car parks:

• are made autonomous;
• they are mounted with elements that will pass through the ceilings, in metal (pipes).

The wiring is carried out in protective equipment with a fire resistance of at least EI 150. Built-in or attached parking lots (AC) must have a water supply system for extinguishing a fire, designed for a certain number of jets according to SP 10.13130. The same set of rules describes how to install a water fire extinguishing system in unheated nuclear power plants.

Internal water supply can be omitted if:

• Freestanding speaker;
• meets the requirements of clause 5.2.12;
• has separate boxes.

If the parking lot is designed to store less than 50 cars, it is built into another building, the engineering networks of the parking lot for the vehicle and structures may not be removed, except for ventilation. When installing the fire-fighting part of the water supply system and pumping equipment, back pressure valves are built in between them.

If you are designing a heated room for storing machines, you need to provide a system that does not allow the room to be cooled to +5 ° C (exclusively) and below. The ventilation system of closed ACs is standardized by GOST 12.1.005 and is equipped with supply and exhaust elements. At the same time, the set of rules 7. 13130 \u200b\u200brequires both above-ground and underground types to equip a special ventilation system for removing gases from insulated ramps and boxes.

The smoke protection system is described in codes 7 13130 \u200b\u200band 60.13330 and includes requirements for:

• air ducts;
• built-in fans;
• proper ventilation shafts;
• smoke collectors, etc.

All valves of this system must comply with GOST R 53301 for the resistance of the gas-smoke mixture. If the speaker is installed in a residential building, its ventilation system is equipped with noise absorbers, taking into account the need to maintain the noise level required in a residential building at night.
Code of Practice 52.13330 defines the requirements for fixtures and the lighting system in general. In the event of a fire, emergency lighting is provided with mandatory lighting of emergency exits and vehicle traffic routes, as well as the locations of fire extinguishing means.
The reliability of the PPZ (fire protection) power supply installations is ensured by class I. In the presence of lift systems and mechanization of vehicle movement - these systems are provided according to the II class. All other electrical equipment is allowed to be classified as class III.
To power the PPZ facilities, separate cable lines are used, which are displayed on the panels. In a closed-type AC, a 220V outlet is mounted at the entrance of the 1st category of power supply for powering the PPZ equipment.

Automation: APS and fire fighting

Requirements for these systems are justified by the size and type of parking lots, the type of vehicles stored at such a parking lot. All PPZ devices must be certified. The type of installation for fighting a fire in the "machine" is determined by the technical regulations (Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 123).

ASPT (automated fire extinguishing) is mandatory for:

• one-story structures of the above-ground type I-III st. fire resistance, with an area of \u200b\u200b7000 square meters;
• all underground type AC;
• all above-ground NPPs with 2 floors or more;
• mechanized AC of any type;
• parking lots under bridges;
• in built-in and attached structures;
• in any NPPs intended for storage of vehicles carrying fuels and lubricants.

If at the AC with boxes, each box has an exit to the outside, it is possible not to install an automatic fire extinguishing system at each box. Provided that the AU building has no more than 2 floors.

Underground speakers necessarily require the installation of different types of sirens, depending on the number of parking spaces:

• IV-V types for speakers with the number of stored machines from 200 pieces;
• Type III for Аs designed for 50-200 vehicles;
• Type II, if the parking lot is intended for keeping up to 50 cars.

Before setting up a parking lot, check with your local fire authorities for convenient regional regulations.