In a wide range of power units of the German auto giant VAG (Volkswagen AG), FSI, MPI, TSI (TFSI), TDI engines and a number of other units continue to be very popular due to their manufacturability and unique characteristics.

Such motors have been installed earlier and continue to be installed on various car models under the Volkswagen, Audi, Skoda, Seat and other brands as part of the VAG concern. Today, the above engine versions can be found on cars of different years of production.

In our articles, we have already told readers about what can be observed everywhere under the hood of Volkswagen, Audi and other brands. In this article, we intend to talk about another popular engine, which is known as the FSI, and also take a closer look at how the FSI engine works. In parallel, the topic of oil selection for this type of internal combustion engine, common malfunctions and repairs of the specified unit will be touched upon.

Read in this article

FSI engine: what is it

First of all, the decoding "FSI engine" stands for Fuel Stratified Injection, which literally means stratified fuel injection. The main difference between this internal combustion engine and the widely known TSI today is the lack of turbocharging on the FSI version. In other words, this range features naturally aspirated () FSI petrol engines with direct (direct) fuel injection.

The FSI engine is not a "fresh" development, since the finished unit appeared as the first test samples back in 1998. Two years later, this engine began to be serially installed on Volkswagen models. Note that as of 2016, the latest Volkswagen FSI model is the Touareg 4 WD off-road vehicle. On other models, the FSI engine has now been replaced by a TSI (TFSI) or MPI version.

FSI engines: disadvantages and main advantages

Let's start with the main advantages and principles of work. A distinctive feature of atmospheric internal combustion engines of the FSI line can be considered the implementation of fuel injection and the scheme of the device. The fact is that the fuel supply system on such engines structurally received two circuits at once. In the first circuit, the pressure is low, in the second it is higher.

A low pressure circuit in the list of components has:

• fuel filter;
• bypass valve;
• fuel pressure control;

The high pressure circuit design assumes the presence of:

• high pressure lines;
• distribution pipelines;
• high pressure sensor;
• safety valve;
• injection nozzles;

Also included in the design is an adsorber and a special valve for its purge.

On simple gasoline units, fuel injection is implemented so that the fuel is supplied to, and on FSI engines, the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber (direct injection). The injectors on these motors have 6 holes to distribute fuel most efficiently in the chamber.

Air is supplied to the cylinders separately by means of a damper. As a result, it is possible to achieve the best mixture formation and homogeneity of the working fuel-air mixture. Such a mixture completely and evenly burns in the engine, giving maximum energy in different operating modes.

For this reason, FSI engines provide better acceleration dynamics, are highly environmentally friendly and economical. In some cases, such engines save up to 2.5 liters of fuel per 100 km. paths compared with simple analogs in the same conditions.

Let's go back to the features. As mentioned above, for the smooth operation of the direct injection gasoline engine, engineers have separately integrated a high-pressure circuit into the FSI design. This pressure is necessary for the most accurate and economical injection.

The injection pressure is generated by the high pressure fuel pump, which draws fuel from the low pressure circuit. This design vaguely resembles a diesel engine. Moreover, the high-pressure fuel pump does not pump fuel constantly, but taking into account the need in relation to a particular mode of operation of the unit.

In other words, during sharp accelerations and an increase in loads, the pressure rises to 0.5 MPa, while while coasting, the pressure in the circuit can be at around 0.05 MPa. A separate electronic control unit and the presence of a low pressure sensor allow achieving such flexible pump control.

Motors of the TSI line. Design features, advantages and disadvantages. Versions with one and two blowers. Recommendations for use.

Diesel engine TDI. Distinctive features of this type of engine. Advantages and disadvantages, resource, features of turbocharging. tips for use.

The engine is one of the most important components of a modern car. It depends on him how fast, dynamic the car will be, what traction properties it will have. Therefore, when buying a new car, or used one, buyers are often interested in the technical characteristics of the power unit. Today we will talk about the type of engines, which, without a doubt, is one of the most popular among several car brands at once - this tFSI engines... In this article, we will consider what this type of engine is, we will understand its technical characteristics and features.

To begin with, we note that 3 large auto concerns are immediately installing this engine on their cars. This is the well-known auto giant AUDI, Skoda and Volkswagen. Why are three manufacturers at once interested in this engine?

A little about history

It is already clear from the hidden meaning that the TFSI is an engine equipped with a mechanical turbocharger. However, initially, the turbine was not installed on the first samples of this engine model, and the symbol of the engine model was FSI. The first to use these motors in their cars was Volkswagen. In the process of operation, it was revealed that the engine needs an increase in power, and that's when the designers were faced with the task. How to upgrade an existing power unit with minimal technical rework? Initially, the designers changed the shape of the piston, which allowed the engine to operate at a reduced compression ratio. As a result, the cylinder head was also changed, since the load on it was increased, it was necessary to make valves, a crankshaft and other parts from a more durable alloy. Finally, the main highlight of the updated engine was the turbine, which not only significantly increased the engine power, but also allowed it to increase acceleration dynamics. The fuel supply system was also changed. So, gasoline began to enter the cylinders under high pressure, which increased the power and throttle response of the engine, and also reduced consumption.

About the features of the TFSI engine

Long term tests have shown that this engine has exceptional endurance. Operating under various loads, the motor did not give a hint of a malfunction. Excellent test results allowed this engine to be launched into serial production. In addition to its high reliability, the TFSI engine has another significant advantage - it is economical fuel consumption thanks to the new high-pressure fuel pump. The design of the motor is such that maximum power transmission is recovered at the lowest flow rate. At today's fuel prices, this is a very worthwhile addition.

Speaking about the advantages of this motor, we can note the fact that it is installed on a wide range of cars of various classes. These can be youth hatchbacks, as well as executive sedans. Therefore, we can talk about a wide range of applications for this motor.

Finally, it speaks for itself that this motor was given preference by well-known and successful companies, the reliability of which is beyond doubt. TFSI stands for true German quality.

Nevertheless, it must be said that the TFSI engine has already undergone an upgrade, thanks to which an even more advanced version has been released - the TSI engine. The TSI engine is a kind of twin turbo, that is, an engine equipped with mechanical and electric turbines. And there is no doubt that TSI will become as popular as its predecessor.

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What is a TFSI engine?

If we look at the technical characteristics of Volkswagen, Audi, Skoda cars, we will see engines in the line of power units, which are designated by the abbreviations FSI, TSI, TFSI. We are already on our website about FSI, in this article I would like to dwell on the TFSI power units in more detail.

TFSI - abbreviation explanation

As you might guess, the letter T denotes the presence of a turbine. Thus, the main difference from FSI is the turbocharger, thanks to which the exhaust gases are re-burnt, thus TFSI is distinguished by its economy and environmental friendliness - a minimum amount of CO2 gets into the air.

The abbreviation TFSI stands for Turbo fuel stratified injection, which can be translated: turbocharged engine with stratified fuel injection. That is, it is a revolutionary, for its time, system of direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber of each individual piston, equipped with a turbine.

Thanks to this approach, excellent performance is achieved:

• high engine power;
• large ;
• relatively low fuel consumption, although turbocharged engines traditionally do not differ in efficiency.

Mostly this type of motor is installed on Audi cars. Volkswagen prefers to use a generally similar system on its cars - TSI (turbo engine with direct injection). FSIs, in turn, are not equipped with a turbine.

For the first time, TFSI was installed on the Audi A4 model. The power unit had a volume of 2 liters, while giving out 200 horsepower, and the tractive effort was 280 Nm. To achieve the same results on an engine of earlier designs, it would have to have a volume of about 3-3.5 liters and be equipped with 6 pistons.

In 2011, Audi engineers significantly redesigned the TFSI. Today, this second-generation 2-liter powertrain demonstrates the following characteristics:

• 211 h.p. at 4300-6000 rpm;
• torque 350 Nm at 1500-3200 rpm.

That is, even a non-professional can notice that engines of this type are distinguished by good power both at low and high speeds. Suffice it to compare: in 2011, Audi discontinued the 3.2-liter FSI with 6 pistons, which produced 255 hp. at 6500 rpm, and a torque of 330 Newton meters was achieved at 3-5 thousand rpm.

Here, for example, the characteristics of the Audi A4 TFSI 1.8 liter, produced in 2007:

• power 160 HP at 4500 rpm;
• maximum torque of 250 Nm is achieved at 1500 rpm;
• acceleration to hundreds takes 8.4 seconds;
• consumption in the urban cycle (manual transmission) - 9.9 liters A-95;
• consumption on the highway - 5.5 liters.

If we take the all-wheel drive version of the Audi A4 Allroad 2.0 TFSI Quattro, then the two-liter turbocharged TFSI is capable of developing 252 hp. Acceleration to a hundred takes 6.1 seconds, and the consumption is 8.6 liters in the city with an automatic transmission and 6.1 liters outside the city. The car is filled with A-95 gasoline.

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Now feel the difference. Volkswagen Passat 2.0 FSI:

• power 150 HP at 6000 rpm;
• torque - 200 Nm at 3000 rpm;
• acceleration to hundreds - 9.4 seconds;
• in the urban cycle, a car with a mechanics eats 11.4 liters of A-95;
• extra-urban cycle - 6.4 liters.

That is, compared to the FSI, the TFSI is a step forward thanks to the turbocharger. Nevertheless, the changes also affected the constructive part.

TFSI engine design features

The turbocharger is installed in the exhaust manifold, which forms a common module, and the afterburned gases are re-fed into the intake manifold. The fuel supply system has been changed due to the use of a booster pump in the second circuit, which is capable of delivering more pressure.

The fuel pump is controlled by an electronic control unit, so the amount of fuel / air mixture that is injected into the pistons depends on the current load on the engine. If necessary, the pressure rises, for example if the car is driven in low gears downhill. Thus, significant savings in fuel consumption have been achieved.

Another significant difference from FSI is the piston crown. The combustion chambers in them are smaller, but at the same time occupy a large area. This shape allows you to work effectively with a reduced degree of compression.

In general, the TFSI power units work in the same way as all the other engines of the Volkswagen concern:

• two circuits of the fuel system - low and high pressure;
• the low pressure circuit includes: a tank, a fuel pump, coarse and fine fuel filters, a fuel sensor;
• the direct injection system, i.e. the injector, is an integral part of the high pressure circuit.

The operating modes of all components are controlled by a control unit. It works according to complex algorithms that analyze various parameters of the car's systems, on the basis of which commands are sent to the actuators and a strictly measured amount of fuel enters the system.

Nevertheless, engines with a turbine require a special approach, they have a number of disadvantages compared to conventional aspirated engines:

• quality fuel is required;
• turbine repair is an expensive pleasure;
• increased requirements for engine oil.

But the advantages are obvious and they more than cover all these minor disadvantages.

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The 2.0 FSI (Fuel Stratified Injection) engines are not unique in their kind, however, they are more common on the market. Mitsubishi was the first to introduce such an engine in 1997 - the 1.8 GDI.

In theory, the 2.0 FSI engine is economical and environmentally friendly. It is characterized as being much more efficient than conventional injection motors. There are many advantages.

Admittedly, if everything works as it should, then a car with 2.0 FSI and TFSI will appeal to many. You can count on an excellent performance-to-fuel ratio. For example, the Audi A3 2.0 FSI consumes on average about 7.5-8 l / 100 km, and the 200-horsepower version only 2 liters more.

Perhaps that is why Volkswagen decided to develop turbocharged engine modifications, and FSI was withdrawn from sale. As a result, the TFSI has come under the hood of many VW models and is currently the main engine for powerful compacts, small sports cars and mid-range and higher-end cars. If the 2.0 FSI was presented in only one boost option - 150 hp, then the TFSI received several variations - from 170 to 272 hp.

Unfortunately, the 2-liter direct injection unit has some costly problems. In naturally aspirated versions, after 90-140 thousand km, carbon deposits appear on the intake valves - carbon deposits. There are problems with camshafts and engine sensors. In addition, minor engine interruptions are sufficient for the "Check Engine" message to appear.

In the case of a turbo engine, one should be wary of problems with the turbocharger and high oil consumption (sometimes it takes up to 1 liter per 2000 km). In addition, there have been cases of carbon deposits on the intake valve and failure of sensors (for example, a knock sensor).

Carbon deposits on valves

Symptoms: Rough and rough work, reduced power.

Repair: The problem mainly affects early FSI versions. Later the software was changed. Carbon deposits are removed in several ways: with special cleaning agents or mechanically.

Oil consumption

Symptoms: rapid drop in oil level, catalyst damage.

Repair: the problem is well known to authorized dealers. Excessive oil consumption is mainly related to the 200-horsepower version of the initial production period and the later 211-horse power unit. The only solution is engine overhaul.

Technics

The 2-liter direct injection engine is a modern design. In addition to a special injection system, this engine has pistons and a 16-valve head made of aluminum alloy, an intake manifold with air flow control valves, and a variable valve timing system.

The timing belt is responsible for the timing belt, but in some versions of the TFSI - the chain (since 2008 - CAWA, CAWB, CCTA, CCZA and CCZC). The injection system uses a high-pressure pump and an EGR valve. The TFSI engine is constantly evolving, and the current flagship version of the engine has a power of 272 hp.

Technical data 2.0 FSI / TFSI

Part 1

Parameters	2.0 FSI	2.0 TFSI	2.0 TFSI *	2.0 TFSI	2.0 TFSI	2.0 TFSI **
Years of release	2004-09	2005-10	since 2008.	since 2004.	since 2008.	2005-07
Engine type, number of valves	petrol, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16
Working volume	1984	1984	1984	1984	1984	1984
Compression ratio	11.5: 1	10.3: 1	9.6: 1	10.5: 1	9.6: 1	10.5: 1
Timing type	DOHC	DOHC	DOHC	DOHC	DOHC	DOHC
Max. power (kW / hp / rpm)	110/150/6000	125/170/4300	132/180/4000	147/200/5100	155/211/4300	162/220/5900
Max. torque (Nm / rpm)	200/3500	280/1800	320/1500	280/1800	350/1500	300/2200

Note: * The engine can be powered by bioethanol; ** Variant fitted in Audi A4 8E series (DTM version).

Part 2

Parameters	2.0 TFSI ***	2,0 TFSI ****	2.0 TFSI *****	2.0 TFSI	2.0 TFSI ******
Years of release	2007-08	2011-12	2007-13	since 2008.	since 2008.
Engine type, number of valves	turbo, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16	turbo, R4 / 16
Working volume	1984	1984	1984	1984	1984
Compression ratio	10.3: 1	9.8 1	9.8 1	9.8 1	9.8 1
Timing type	DOHC	DOHC	DOHC	DOHC	DOHC
Max. power (kW / hp / rpm)	169/230/5500	173/235/5500	177/240/5700	195/265/6000	200/272/6000
Max. torque (Nm / rpm)	300/2200	300/2200	300/2200	350/2500	350/2500

Note: *** Only on Golf V GTI Edition limited edition of 30; **** Only in Golf VI GTI Edition, limited edition of 35; ***** The Leon Cuprze; ****** In Golf R - the manufacturer indicates the power of 271 hp.

Spare parts cost ($) *

	Dealer	Analogs
oil filter / air	9/25	from 7/20
spark plug
turbocharger	1100	from 800
thermostat
water pump
coils (pcs.)
dual-mass flywheel

* For 2.0 TFSI / 200 HP (2006).

Application

Engines are most widely used in the following vehicles:

Audi A3 (2003-2012), Skoda Octavia II (2004-2013), Audi A5 (since 2008), Volkswagen Golf (2003-2008), Seat Leon (2005-2012), Volkswagen Passat (2006-2010).

At the moment, the cars of the Volkswagen Group under the abbreviation TSI and TFSI are equipped with the same gasoline engines equipped with direct fuel injection technology and turbocharging (sometimes double). The TFSI nameplate is now found only on Audi cars, while other brands of the concern (SEAT, Skoda and the Volkswagen brand itself) use the TSI nameplate on their cars with similar engines.

In part, this difference in the designation of almost identical power units is due to some confusion that arose in the ranks of the VW Group with the transition from atmospheric engines to turbocharged ones. In 2004, the naturally aspirated 2.0-liter direct fuel injection engine, referred to by the German automaker as FSI (Fuel Stratified Injection), received a turbine and therefore added the letter T - TFSI (Turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection) to the beginning of its name. At one time, in addition to Audi, such a nameplate could be found on the "hot" hatchback SEAT Leon FR and the "charged" sedan Skoda Octavia RS. In fairness, it should be noted that these motors were not produced for a very long time, since their production was quite expensive, which, accordingly, adversely affected the final cost of cars. In addition, the first generation of turbo engines with direct fuel injection (in fact, injection here was layered) was distinguished by a problematic high-pressure fuel pump, a timing belt instead of a timing chain, and an old electronic control unit.

In 2006, a 1.4-liter engine was developed with a simpler and more reliable injection system, but with two superchargers (turbine and mechanical compressor). The full name Twincharged Stratified Injection was shortened to TSI. Almost immediately thereafter, the 1.8-liter single-turbo engine was developed. On Audi, the units continued to be called TFSI, but on other brands of the Volkswagen concern they already bore the name TSI. This trend continued after the appearance of a more modern 2.0-liter turbocharged engine, which only on Audi cars carries the TFSI nameplate.

The very first TFSI power unit, in comparison with the subsequent engines of the TSI family, is very demanding on fuel quality and, in general, is more whimsical to maintain. The expectations of German engineers, who equipped a gasoline engine with stratified fuel injection with an additional catalyst for nitrogen afterburning, did not come true. The main disadvantages of such a motor are its unreliability and a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, because it meets only the requirements of the Euro-2 standard.

In Russia, cars with real 2.0-liter TFSI engines with stratified fuel injection are practically not found, just because they were not even officially exported here. The only exceptions are cars imported from Europe, although not many were sold there either.