As on any car, there is also a gearshift mechanism on the VAZ 2110. The VAZ gearbox is a five-speed one, it is turned on by a lever located in the passenger compartment.

In order to be able to fix the problems on your own, you need to understand a little about how exactly the switching mechanism works, which is why there are cases when some speed does not turn on or takes off. And also know how to fix it on your own.

Gearbox scheme

The gearbox device is as follows:

• to ensure gear shifting in the gearbox there is a primary shaft, consisting of a block of gears. They constantly mesh with the drive gears from the first to the fifth speed (that is, those that are directed towards driving forward);
• the secondary shaft is equipped with a main gear drive gear, it also has gear synchronizers that provide forward movement of the driven gears. There are also bearings plus an oil sump;
• a VAZ two-satellite differential, with a driven gear of the main drive attached to the flange of its box;
• the gearbox drive consists of a gearshift knob, a ball bearing, a selection rod, a rod, gear selection mechanisms, as well as gearshift;
• jet thrust is designed to protect the gearbox from the fact that the gear takes off. It is attached with its ends to the support and the power unit.

How speeds are chosen

A separate important gearbox unit is the gear selection mechanism. It has a special speed selection lever and two locking brackets. One arm of the select lever enables forward travel, the other one serves to enable the rear.

Adjustment

On the VAZ 2110, it is not so uncommon for the gears to turn on poorly, or to knock them out. A mechanism for adjusting the speed selection drive is specially provided for this.

Adjustment may be necessary if:

• the box was recently removed for repair;
• one of the gears crashes;
• the speeds turn on poorly or they are simply knocked out when the car is moving.

If you have one of these problems, try adjusting first. Its sequence:

1. Under the bottom of the VAZ 2110, find and slightly loosen the nut on the bolt that tightens the clamp that secures the rod designed to control the gearbox;
2. Slightly push the grooves of the end of the rod with a screwdriver and the gap formed on the clamp itself. This is necessary to ensure easy movement of the rod in relation to the selector shaft. Put the stem in neutral position;
3. Release the shift knob in the passenger compartment from the cover;
4. Set the lever according to the special template. This is done as follows: install the template in the window of the rear speed lock bracket. After that, insert the stop of the lever axis into the groove of the template, pressing it without excessive force in the transverse direction;
5. Then adjust the axial play of the stem in the rear direction, and its axial play by turning to the left;
6. Install the clamp within a few millimeters of the end of the rod. Then tighten the clamp well with a bolt.

Repairs

If the described adjustment did not help you, you need to remove and disassemble the VAZ 2110 gearbox. Pay special attention to the fact that it often knocks out the gears, with the help of which the first and second speeds are turned on. Be sure to check each retainer.

They are made in the form of springs, there are three of them. The first retainer is long, it is responsible for the first and second gears. Second - middle, for third - fourth gear. For the fifth, the shortest retainer is used.

PPC diseases

There is often a complaint from the owners of the VAZ 2110 that the first speed is difficult to turn on or takes off.

Possible reasons:

• the synchronizer is often the culprit;
• perhaps the retainer spring has burst, the lever dangles, the speeds are switched on as they want;
• stem and fork may need replacement.

Another complaint is that the second gear turns on poorly, it is often knocked out.

Here one can suspect the main culprits:

• the second one flies out most often because the gear teeth do not mesh well with the clutch, which turns on the speeds;
• the tips of the gear teeth and clutch are already worn out, so the speed does not start well. If you do not intervene, it will soon take off;
• as an option, when it knocks out on the bumps, the clutch dies.

Sometimes (although rarely), from the fact that the second does not turn on well enough and flies out, replacing the fixing spring helps. If the speeds often take off, some of them turn on with difficulty, then half measures will no longer help - a box overhaul is needed.

Whether you carry it out yourself, or go to the service, where they will repair you, as well as adjust the gearshift mechanism, decide for yourself, based on your own experience and skill.

As on any car, there is also a gearshift mechanism on the VAZ 2110. The VAZ gearbox is a five-speed one, it is turned on by a lever located in the passenger compartment.

In order to be able to fix the problems on your own, you need to understand a little about how exactly the switching mechanism works, which is why there are cases when some speed does not turn on or takes off. And also know how to fix it on your own.

Gear knob

Gearbox scheme

The gearbox device is as follows:

• to ensure gear shifting in the gearbox there is a primary shaft, consisting of a block of gears. They constantly mesh with the drive gears from the first to the fifth speed (that is, those that are directed towards driving forward);
• the secondary shaft is equipped with a main gear drive gear, it also has gear synchronizers that provide forward movement of the driven gears. There are also bearings plus an oil sump;
• a VAZ two-satellite differential, with a driven gear of the main drive attached to the flange of its box;
• the gearbox drive consists of a gearshift knob, a ball bearing, a selection rod, a rod, gear selection mechanisms, as well as gearshift;
• jet thrust is designed to protect the gearbox from the fact that the gear takes off. It is attached with its ends to the support and the power unit.

Gear shift drive circuit

How speeds are chosen

A separate important gearbox unit is the gear selection mechanism. It has a special speed selection lever and two locking brackets. One arm of the select lever enables forward travel, the other one serves to enable the rear.

Adjustment

On the VAZ 2110, it is not so uncommon for the gears to turn on poorly, or to knock them out. A mechanism for adjusting the speed selection drive is specially provided for this.

Adjustment may be necessary if:

• the box was recently removed for repair;
• one of the gears crashes;
• the speeds turn on poorly or they are simply knocked out when the car is moving.

If you have one of these problems, try adjusting first. Its sequence:

• Under the bottom of the VAZ 2110, find and slightly loosen the nut on the bolt that tightens the clamp that secures the rod designed to control the gearbox;
• Slightly push the grooves of the end of the rod with a screwdriver and the gap formed on the clamp itself. This is necessary to ensure easy movement of the rod in relation to the selector shaft. Put the stem in neutral position;
• Release the shift knob in the passenger compartment from the cover;
• Set the lever according to the special template. This is done as follows: install the template in the window of the rear speed lock bracket. After that, insert the stop of the lever axis into the groove of the template, pressing it without excessive force in the transverse direction;
• Then adjust the axial play of the stem in the rear direction, and its axial play by turning to the left;
• Install the clamp within a few millimeters of the end of the rod. Then tighten the clamp well with a bolt.

Repairs

If the described adjustment did not help you, you need to remove and disassemble the VAZ 2110 gearbox. Pay special attention to the fact that it often knocks out the gears, with the help of which the first and second speeds are turned on. Be sure to check each retainer.

They are made in the form of springs, there are three of them. The first retainer is long, it is responsible for the first and second gears. Second - middle, for third - fourth gear. For the fifth, the shortest retainer is used.

PPC diseases

There is often a complaint from the owners of the VAZ 2110 that the first speed is difficult to turn on or takes off.

Possible reasons:

1. the synchronizer is often the culprit;
2. perhaps the retainer spring has burst, the lever dangles, the speeds are switched on as they want;
3. stem and fork may need replacement.

Another complaint is that the second gear turns on poorly, it is often knocked out.

Here one can suspect the main culprits:

1. the second one flies out most often because the gear teeth do not mesh well with the clutch, which turns on the speeds;
2. the tips of the gear teeth and clutch are already worn out, so the speed does not start well. If you do not intervene, it will soon take off;
3. as an option, when it knocks out on the bumps, the clutch dies.

Sometimes (although rarely), from the fact that the second does not turn on well enough and flies out, replacing the fixing spring helps. If the speeds often take off, some of them turn on with difficulty, then half measures will no longer help - a box overhaul is needed.

Whether you carry it out yourself, or go to the service, where they will repair you, as well as adjust the gearshift mechanism, decide for yourself, based on your own experience and skill.

The gearbox is a rather complex unit, which requires proper attention and diagnostics. Today, the problem of poor gear shifting is relevant for many vehicles, so it is important to understand how the unit is diagnosed and repaired. From this material you will find out why the first gear turns on poorly, what it is connected with and how you can turn on the first speed if necessary.

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What are the reasons for interruptions?

The gearbox is not only one of the most difficult, but also one of the most basic components in any vehicle. The reasons for the malfunctions due to which the first gear engages tightly can be associated with both improper use of the unit and driving on poor road surfaces. In any case, if you do not know why the speed turns on poorly, then this indicates a certain breakdown of the unit itself.

It should be noted that a similar problem often occurs with older cars that are bought from hands, and not in car dealerships. Therefore, if you have purchased a used car, then you should not even be surprised at such a problem, especially since such malfunctions will appear in any car sooner or later. In addition, if you try to turn on the speed and this happens, but very badly and with great difficulty, then the unit selector may eventually stop responding to any commands from the motorist altogether. Naturally, not every driver will be able to constantly start driving from second speed, so it is important to understand the reasons why the first gear is engaged slowly.

Below is a list of breakdowns that will cause the gear lever to shift poorly:

1. The problem is - the mechanism turns on poorly, the shutdown is incomplete. Often such a problem occurs in domestically produced cars and in most cases it is due to the fact that a mechanical clutch cable flies from the attachment point. In fact, it is not particularly difficult to identify this - if the cable breaks, the pedal will be sunk into the floor and will not move. This, as you understand, is directly related to the operation of the clutch, and not the gearbox.
2. There was a breakdown in the operation of the control rod of the gearshift mechanism. Then not only the first, but also the rear, as well as the rest of the speeds will turn on badly.
3. Breakdown of the jet thrust of the unit.
4. For unknown reasons, the mounting bolts located on the garnish or the selector of the gearbox mode selection rod have loosened. The problem is solved by tightening the bolts.
5. The gear shift drive was incorrectly adjusted.
6. Plastic elements in the gearbox control drive are out of order or have worked out their service life.
7. The wings were poorly adjusted. As you know, the purpose of the rocker is very important in the connection between the gearbox and the gear selector, so incorrect adjustment may well be the cause of the problem. In addition, plastic bushings could wear out or fail on this link.
8. Synchronizer failure can also be called one of the most common transmission failures. Unit synchronizers are brass bushings required for easier unit switching. Since brass itself is a soft material, it can wear out and wear during the operation of the vehicle. To correctly diagnose the state of the synchronizers, you should pay attention to the operation of the gearbox - if a grinding or unpleasant sound appears when shifting gears, then the problem is in them. Moreover, this sound will appear constantly when you try to turn on the first gear. In the event that only sound appears, but the gearbox selector turns on in one mode or another without problems, then a malfunction will arise soon.
9. Failure of the gearbox bearings. Such a malfunction does not occur so often, one might even say that it is rare, but any motorist can still encounter it. If you own a car with a manual transmission, then the bearings could jam in it, as a result of which the shaft stops rotating along the trajectory. In such cases, it is difficult to engage first gear; at other speeds, the problem usually does not appear.
10. The box shaft is out of order. The unit shaft is usually not subject to operational wear or very heavy loads, but the malfunction may be caused by a factory defect. In the event that even not particularly big mistakes were made in production, then the shaft may well break. If so, then the problem of turning on the first gear may only be the beginning of a big breakdown that you have to face. As practice shows, often in such cases the unit itself breaks down completely.
11. The problem of clutch breakage is relevant for owners of cars with an automatic transmission. There are times when, with incorrect functioning of the clutches, when the first speed is turned on, a jolt occurs, but then everything works fine. The malfunction is solved only by replacing the clutches.

You, as a motorist, need to understand that a breakdown of the unit shaft or bearings cannot be diagnosed at home. Only experience and equipment will help to understand this reason. Accordingly, if problems arise with the inclusion of the first speed, it is advisable to immediately contact a professional.

How to turn on the first gear without harm to the box?

Often, inexperienced motorists, turning on the gearbox selector from second speed to first, can notice how some difficulties appear, in particular, how hard it is to engage the first gear. In such cases, the novice driver will often try to engage the speed using force, simply by driving the selector into the desired position. In no case should this be done, since such actions can be fraught.

Actually, noticing such a flaw in the manual transmission, motorists have developed a rule - the first speed should be switched on only in order to get under way. In all other cases, the second, third and fourth gears are included. Especially often experienced motorists use this rule, but we want to say from ourselves that this is, in principle, wrong.

Any auto instructor will tell you that the choice of speed should be based on the driving speed and engine speed. In principle, it is even possible to park normally only at first speed. If you try to park at second speed, you will have to maneuver very quickly, and in such cases a strong load will affect the grip. Actually, like on the gearbox unit itself. Accordingly, you must learn one simple rule for yourself - you can turn on the first gear while driving only if the speed is low and the crankshaft speed is low.

Gearbox theory

Every motorist who understands the structure of the gearbox knows that all modern cars with a manual transmission are equipped with synchronizers. This element is one of the important components of the unit. The purpose of synchronizers is to equalize the speed of all gearbox shafts. In addition, these elements are responsible for painless for the box and shockless gear shifting.

It should be noted that immediately as the driver pushes the gearbox selector when shifting from second gear to first, an obstacle can be felt. This obstacle prevents the activation of the first speed and it is this obstacle that is called the synchronizer. In the event that the gearbox is relatively new or a synchronizer has been recently installed on it, then you will not feel problems with the transition from high speed to low speed. The inclusion of the first gear will be carried out without any obstacles.

But if your vehicle has already passed more than a hundred thousand kilometers, then this will directly affect the functioning of some elements of the unit. In particular, first of all, synchronizers will stop working normally - they simply will not be able to perform the tasks assigned to them initially. Then the motorist is forced to perform various "tricks" that our grandfathers told us about - these are all kinds of peregaski with and so on.

When performing such tricks, the rebase will perform the function of an equalizer of the gears mated to each other. Thus, if the difference in angular speeds is high, and the synchronizers are worn out enough, then the driver will have to accelerate even more. In the event that the angular speeds are the same, the motorist will immediately understand this - the gearbox selector can easily switch from high speed to low speed. Thus, making efforts will no longer be advisable.

First gear engagement methods

So, if the modes are poorly turned on in your vehicle and you have already figured out the reasons and the theory, then let's move on to the most important thing - the methods of engaging the first gear. The simplest method in this case would be to activate the first gear while driving. You need to effortlessly push the implement selector forward and do this until the corresponding synchronizer comes into operation. However, it should be noted that this method is relevant for most cars and some trucks.

It should be borne in mind that in most old trucks this will not work, since the device of the unit itself does not allow this, since they simply do not have synchronizers. In addition, it should be taken into account that this method of activating the first speed is hardly relevant if the synchronizer on your vehicle has already worked out its service life. It will simply be impossible.

Then the motorist will only have to wait a while until the car practically stops to turn on the desired speed. Or, using force, turn on the gearshift lever. In principle, neither the first nor the second method can be called the optimal way out in such a problem. As practice shows, it will be best to use the same old-fashioned method with overgas.

How to do this - you can find out below:

1. So, driving at second speed, start depressing the clutch pedal.
2. While pressing the pedal, move the gearbox selector to neutral position. By doing this, you can disable the clutch pedal can be disabled.
3. Then, when the pedal is fully lowered, you need to slightly add gas with your right foot while pressing the pedal. In this case, pay attention to the tachometer, which shows the number of revolutions. You need to bring the revolutions up to two and a half thousand per minute, that is, the arrow should be on the number 2500. Here, pay attention to its one important nuance - the greater the difference in the angular speeds of the mating gears of the box, the higher you need to raise the number of revolutions. That is, an indicator of 2,500 is the minimum, add gas if necessary.
4. Then depress the clutch pedal again.
5. Further, the gearbox selector should be moved to the activation position of the initial mode, that is, the first speed. Here, also pay attention to the fact that if the selector does not enter correctly into the required position, then most likely you just gave a little gas. If so, then repeat the steps, only add more gas.
6. Ultimately, you need to release the clutch pedal smoothly, not abruptly. If you did everything correctly, then the lever of the box will turn into the required position without any problems, jolts and extraneous sounds.

If you did not succeed in doing this, then do not be discouraged - the first time rarely anyone succeeds in performing a double rebase. By repeating the procedure several times, you will be able to remember everything that needs to be done to correctly engage the first speed. Actually, the same methods allow you to activate the first gear when driving in third, for example, if in an emergency you need to brake with the motor. In this case, the higher the driving speed, the longer you will have to wait for the synchronizers to help you. Or you need to step more on the gas.

But do not regard double gas switching as a way out of the situation. This method can be called a temporary solution, but the unit will still have to be repaired. Since the replacement of synchronizers is a rather complicated process, we recommend that you seek professional help. If you nevertheless decide to perform this procedure yourself, then the instructions provided below will come in handy.

One of the most common cars used on cars, including the VAZ brand, is mechanical. Although many modern cars already include an automatic gearshift device in the design. But they don't refuse to use it.

After all, VAZ, like any other car brand, is very reliable, unpretentious and requires a minimum of maintenance. She is able to withstand significant loads without any harm to herself. Proof of this is the frequent use of this type of gearbox on cars participating in various competitions.

But no matter how reliable and simple the "mechanics" are, troubles happen to it too. One of these malfunctions is that the first and reverse gears are poorly included. Moreover, foreign cars are no exception.

But in order to understand why the first gear turns on poorly, you first need to disassemble the design of this type of gearbox.

Transmission device

So, the gearbox diagram is quite simple.

There is a housing attached to the clutch housing. There are three shafts in this housing - the driving, driven and intermediate. The peculiarity of the arrangement of the shafts is such that the driving and driven shafts are on the same axis, with one end of the driven shaft entering the driving shaft. An intermediate shaft is installed below them.

On each of the shafts, gears of different diameters and with a different number of teeth are located, while some of these gears, mounted on the driven shaft, can move along it.

Principle of operation

The working diagram of the gearbox is as follows. The drive shaft receives rotation from the clutch disc and transfers it to the intermediate. If the gearbox has a neutral speed, there is no meshing of the intermediate shaft gears with the driven one, the car is immobilized, since rotation is not transmitted.

When any gear is engaged, the driver engages the driven element gear with a specific intermediate gear. And the rotation begins to be transmitted from the driven shaft to the wheels. The car starts to move.

The required gears are engaged by a control unit consisting of three sliders and forks. Each of the forks is put on a special groove of the element. That is, the driver, using the gearshift lever and by means of a special stage, acts on a certain slider, moving it to one side. At the same time, the fork on the slider pushes the gear, and it engages. The change in the speed of gear shifting is influenced by the engagement of gears of different size and number of teeth.

To prevent the return of the slide with the fork to its original position, the box control unit is equipped with clamps. The latter are spring-loaded balls that enter the grooves on the sliders. That is, there are grooves on the slider in certain places.

When moved to the desired position, the ball retainer jumps into the groove, excluding the return of the slide. When changing gear, the driver must apply more pressure to the slide than the detent spring in order for the ball to pop out.

This is a simplified description of the design and operation of a manual transmission.

Usually, classical models work according to this scheme. On some cars, the circuit may be slightly different, but the essence of the work is the same - the slider with the fork acts on the gear.

In some cars in the checkpoint, the slider responsible for turning on the first speed also turns on the rear one. It happens with them that the first and reverse gears are poorly included. Of course, one cannot but pay attention to this breakdown.

On other gearboxes, the first speed and rear are separated and different sliders are responsible for turning them on. In such cars, problems with the inclusion of the first speed may not be reflected in the inclusion of the rear.

There are several options why the first gear turns on poorly. It also depends on how the reason manifests itself - it is impossible to turn it on, while everything is accompanied by a metal grinding from the side of the box, or the speed turns on, but immediately turns off on its own.

Poor turn-on due to slider

First, let's consider why the first gear turns on poorly and the problem is with the transmission.

Often, the problem with turning on the speed lies in the latch and slider. The appearance of a burr near the groove for the retainer on the slider can easily interfere with the entry of the ball retainer into the groove. When the slider moves, the latch rests against this burr and cannot overcome it without significant effort from the driver. In this case, the gears are very close, but they do not engage, and the teeth of one gear beat against another.

In the future, such a runout can lead to flaring of the teeth, and the impossibility of switching on will already be due to the fact that, due to this rolling, the teeth will no longer be able to engage.

Knocking out speed

If it turns on, but immediately turns off, then the latch may jam in the squeezed-out position, so it no longer performs its work. It is also possible that the spring that presses the ball retainer is destroyed. Without the force of the spring, it will not be able to hold the slider in the desired position.

If significant force is applied during engaging, the shift fork may bend.

If this happened, then the gears will no longer fully engage, and the slider itself will not reach the stop, which will prevent the retainer from entering the groove.

The reason for the poor inclusion may also be the incorrect installation of the gearshift knob rocker. In this case, the rocker does not bring the gear to full engagement.

Eliminating gearbox malfunction

Troubleshooting is done by removing it from the car, disassembling, troubleshooting parts, if it is found that some of them are badly worn out. Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the sliders and retainers. If burrs are seen on the sliders, they must be removed with a file. You also need to check the condition of the springs and retainer balls. The springs must be intact, and the retainer must move without problems in its seat. If necessary, worn out or damaged elements must be replaced.

You should also carefully inspect the inclusion forks for bending. Even a slight bend can affect the ease of shifting.

After assembly, the gear shift adjustment must also be done. To be precise, the position of the wings is exposed.

Clutch malfunctions

Often the reason why the first gear engages poorly is not the gearbox itself, but the clutch.

Modern transmissions are equipped with synchronizers that equalize the speed of rotation of the gears, ensuring easy engagement.

However, the first speed is not equipped with a synchronizer. If the clutch "leads", then when the pedal is depressed, the transmission of torque from the motor to the gearbox is not completely stopped.

Because of this, there is a difference in the rotation of the shafts and gears of the first gear, in particular.

In this case, it is quite difficult to engage them in engagement, and all attempts to do this are accompanied by a strong metal grinding.

It is quite possible that the reverse speed will not turn on either, or it is difficult to turn on. In this case, if it was still possible to engage the gear, the car starts moving even when the clutch pedal is fully depressed. An additional sign of clutch problems is that the car jerks when shifting gears, especially if some of them are not equipped with synchronizers.

How to check the clutch?

The auto engine can help to point to and not the boxes. If, with the engine turned off, all speeds are switched on easily, no problems arise, and when the engine is running, the first and reverse gears are poorly engaged, or it is impossible to turn it on at all, you should pay attention to the clutch.

The reason the clutch “leads” is often due to incorrect adjustment.

Release bearing too far from release diaphragm or cams. When depressing the pedal, this bearing is not able to completely squeeze the drive disc away from the driven disc, and the torque continues to be transmitted. Significant wear of the clutch can also affect the operation of the clutch, because of which it began to "lead".

Clutch adjustment and repair

The first thing to do with clutch problems is to make adjustments.

On different cars, it is done in different ways, but all operations are reduced to one thing - installing the release bearing at the required distance from the diaphragm or cams.

If the adjustment did not help, then you will have to dismantle the clutch from the car, carry out troubleshooting and replace the worn out elements. Sometimes, over time, all components of the system wear out. In this case, a complete replacement of the clutch is made - the drive and driven discs, the release bearing.

Conclusion

The above are the main reasons that it is difficult to engage gears on a car. Although, as indicated at the beginning, if the manual transmission is very reliable, then more often the fault is the clutch, and not the box itself.