For the selection of equipment according to the nomenclature and quantity, tables are used technological equipment and a specialized tool for service stations, standard sets of technological equipment for zones and sections of service stations of various capacities, catalogs, reference books. The selected equipment is entered into the list:

The complete equipment of the projected area is presented in table. 1-table 3.

Table 1 - Technological equipment

	Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions, mm	Number of units	Area, m 2
	Cathead
	Lift		2800 × 1650 × 2610
	Solid blower
	Air dispensing column for cars
	Compressor
	Sharpening machine
	Trolley for removing and installing wheels
	Locksmith workbench		1650 × 1600 × 1600
	Mobile tool trolley
	Table vertical hand press
Total: 19.07

Table 2 - Organizational equipment

Table 3 - Industrial containers and containers

3.2 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe projected unit

To calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe projected site, use the formula:

The total area of \u200b\u200bhorizontal projections of equipment located outside the territory occupied by posts, m 2;

Coefficient of density of arrangement of posts and equipment.

The value depends on the size and location of the equipment. With a two-sided arrangement of equipment, the value is taken - 4… 4.5.

Thus, the area of \u200b\u200bthe projected site is:

3.3 Site planning

Figure: 3.1 - Plan of the TO zone - 1

Site equipment:

1. Electromechanical lift P - 133.

Lift type - stationary, electro-hydraulic, double-plunger, universal, with a variable distance between the cylinder axes. The movable cylinder of the lift is suspended from the carriage, which, using a mechanized drive (electric motor AOL2-11-6, M-103 worm gear-chain transmission), moves along the channel beams fixed in a special ditch.

Figure: 3.2 - Electromechanical lift P - 133

2. Solid blower NIIAT - 390

The solid blower is mounted on a metal plate with four wheels. A hopper 1 with a capacity of 14 kg of lubricant and a plunger pump 6, which develops a pressure of 220-250 kg / cm², are installed on the plate. the pump is driven by an electric motor through a gear reducer, covered by a sump.

Figure: 3.3 - NIIAT solid blower - 390

3. Air-dispensing column С - 411

It is used when inflating or inflating car tires in automatic mode and turning off the air supply when the specified tire pressure is reached. Powered by a stand-alone compressor equipped with a system for air purification from moisture and mechanical impurities

Figure: 3.4- Air-dispensing column С - 411

4. Grinding machine ZE - 631

Designed for sharpening metal-cutting, woodworking and other tools, including drill bits, as well as for locksmith work.

Figure: 3.5 - Grinding machine ZE - 631

5. Crane - beam NS - 12111

The lifting mechanism of the crane-bridge type, in which the hoist moves along the driving beam. The electric girder crane is driven by an electric motor powered from the mains (via a contact wire or cable).

Figure: 3.6 -. Crane - NS beam - 12111

6. Trolley for removing and installing wheels Н - 217

Mechanical rolling carriage Н - 217. Designed for removal and transportation of wheels and wheelsets trucks, the maximum mass of the lifted load is 700 kg, the maximum force on the drive handle is 30 kg., the maximum lifting height is 150 mm.

Figure: 3.7 - Trolley for removing and installing wheels Н - 217

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Thesis

Zone reconstruction project maintenance trucks

INTRODUCTION

1. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE DESIGN TASK

1.1 Brief description of "Avtopark" LLP

1.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise LLP "Avtopark"

2. TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF ATP

2.1 Choice of source data

2.2 Calculation of the annual volume of work and the number of production workers

2.3 Technological calculation of production areas, areas and warehouses

2.4 Selection of equipment

3. BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Requirements for the master plan

4 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

4.2 Form of management LLP "Avtopark"

4.3 Enterprise management LLP "Autopark"

5. DESIGN OF TO-1 ZONE

5.1 Description of the TO-1 zone of Avtopark LLP and the proposed works

5.2 Organization of production in the TO-1 zone

5.3 Calculated part

5.4 Selection of equipment for TO-1 zone

6. CALCULATION AND DESIGN PART

6.1 Analysis of existing designs of solid blowers

6.2 Calculated part 53

7 . SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT

7.1 Safety precautions when performing basic work

7.2 Test methods for toxicity of gasoline engines

8. CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

8.1 Calculation of capital investments

8.2 Determination of income and profit

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

workshop maintenance car

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of road transport, as part of the country's transport complex, is to meet the needs agriculture and the population of the country in freight transportation at the minimum cost of all types of resources. This overarching goal is achieved as a result of increased efficiency indicators for road transport: an increase in transport capacity and productivity. vehicle; reducing the cost of transportation; increasing the productivity of personnel; ensuring the environmental friendliness of the transport process.

Technical operation as a subsystem of road transport should contribute to the implementation of the goals of road transport of the agro-industrial complex and have controllable indicators of the efficiency of the system, i.e., the road transport of the agro-industrial complex.

Knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the regularities of changes in the parameters of the technical state of units, assemblies and the car as a whole makes it possible to control the operability and technical condition of the car during operation, that is, to maintain and restore its operability.

The need to maintain a high level of operability requires that most of the faults be prevented, that is, the operability of the product has been restored before the onset of the fault. Therefore, the task of maintenance is mainly to prevent the occurrence of failures and malfunctions, and repair - to eliminate them.

The following requirements are imposed on the vehicle maintenance and repair system:

· Ensuring the specified levels of operational reliability of the vehicle fleet with rational material and labor costs;

· Resource-saving and environmental orientation;

· Planning and regulatory nature, allowing to plan and organize maintenance and repairs at all levels;

· Obligation for all organizations and enterprises that own road transport, regardless of their departmental subordination;

· Concreteness, availability and suitability for leadership and decision-making by all links of the engineering and technical service of road transport;

· Stability of the basic principles and flexibility of specific standards, taking into account changes in operating conditions, design and reliability of vehicles, as well as the economic mechanism;

· Taking into account the variety of vehicle operating conditions.

Ensuring the required level of technical readiness of the rolling stock to perform transportation with the lowest labor and material costs is the main requirement of the production and technical base of road transport of the agro-industrial complex.

The relevance of the topic of our research is due to the fact that the level of development of the PTB has a significant impact on the performance of the ATP, and therefore on the entire process of work on maintenance and repair. The quality of TEA works is directly related to the level of development of PTB. The technical readiness of the vehicle fleet and its reliability, productivity will increase with the increase in performance and the development of PTB. One of the main goals of the maintenance and repair system is the quality of the work performed, reliability, the level of equipment of the workplace, post. Paying special attention to the development of FTB in the environment of the material and technical base is now more than ever relevant for the road transport of our country. The continuous development of the automotive industry of foreign countries only enhances the need to develop the material and technical base of road transport in our republic.

The practical value of the results of our work is confirmed by the presence of the act of implementation.

The theoretical value of our thesis is in the calculation and its detailed description.

Purpose of work: to create a project of a maintenance area for trucks.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set:

- to collect and analyze theoretical material about LLP "Avtopark";

- collect and analyze theoretical material on the issues of technological calculation of ATP;

- collect and analyze material about the organization and management of production, the principles and methods of enterprise management;

- create a project for the TO-1 zone;

- calculate the economic efficiency of the project.

The tasks set and the order of their solution determined the structure of the thesis.

To solve these problems and in accordance with the purpose of the work, the following methods were used:

Theoretical: analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory and educational literature on the research topic, systematization of the collected and analyzed data.

Practical: calculation, methods of mathematical statistics, experiment.

1 . TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF DESIGN JOB

1.1 Briefi characteristic of Avtopark LLP

Avtopark LLP is located in the industrial zone of the city and occupies an area of \u200b\u200b26 hectares, on which there is a powerful repair base, zone TO-1, TO-2, a car wash, warm boxes for parking, shower and utility rooms, a dining room.

The fleet of trucks, as a public transport, carries out the transportation of goods and agricultural products in the district and region. The car fleet has a wide range of services, motor transport provides the increasing transport needs of the population and households associated with high speed and urgency of movement, delivery of goods directly from the point of departure to the point of destination, serves areas with an underdeveloped network of road transport routes.

The company provides services for the maintenance of organizations, renders services to both the population and enterprises for maintenance and repair.

GAZ-53 trucks of all modifications are used as a rolling stock for the transportation of goods. ZIL-131 and Gaz-52 vehicles serve cargo transportation for all economic entities of the region.

The cars are equipped with radio stations, which allows for a more perfect form of service for the population and households of the region with cargo transportation.

Acceptance of orders is accepted under contracts concluded between business entities and the vehicle fleet, as well as a dispatch service that works around the clock.

When leaving the line, the car undergoes a control examination of the technical condition, the driver at the medical center receives a medical examination of the state of health.

In the repair area, maintenance is carried out, repairs not only of our own, but also of private rolling stock.

In "Avtopark" LLP, a technical inspection of freight transport of all brands, replacement of numbers, driver's licenses is carried out, the purchase and sale of cars is registered.

At present, Avtopark LLP is a stable and profitable enterprise.

1.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise "Avtopark" LLP

Below are the technical and economic indicators of Avtopark LLP for 2006-2010.

Table 1.1 Technical and economic indicators of Avtoopark LLP

Indicators
Average payroll
Auto days at work
Technical availability factor
Release rate per line
Total mileage, thousand km
Average daily mileage, km
Time in dress
Car watch in dress, t. Hour
Traffic volume: for trucks
Operational speed, km / h
Degree of vehicle wear
Auto days on the farm
Income thousand tenge Consumption thousand tenge

Analysis of technical and economic indicators

The ratio of car groups in an enterprise is shown below using a pie chart as an example:

Figure 1.1 The structure of the rolling stock "Avtopark"

Figure 1.2 Availability and release factors

Technical readiness factor in the period 2006-2010 fluctuates in the range of 0.6-0.8, and as can be seen from the graph, the value of the coefficient for the last two years does not fall below 0.8. The output coefficient increases with each one, which testifies to the outlined positive trends at the enterprise. On average over these years it was 0.6.

Figure 1.3 List of cars

In recent years, the number of vehicles on the list has decreased from 150 to just over 100, which is associated with the physical and moral deterioration of the rolling stock, with an objective decrease in production capacity at the enterprise.

Figure 1.4 Total mileage of the vehicle fleet

The total mileage of the enterprise's vehicle fleet for the period under review only increased and in 2010 amounted to more than 4.5 thousand kilometers, which is due to the increase in the time of vehicles on the line.

Figure 1.5 Time spent by the car in the order

The time spent by the car in the dress is on average 8 hours. Full employment of drivers on the line has been observed in recent years, which can be seen from the graph - in 2009 the highest indicator. The increase in the duration of the work of drivers occurs with the correct organization of work.

Figure 1.6 Vehicle-days in operation

The change in the number of car-days in operation during this period occurred with varying success, making jumps and falls. So if in 2006, 2007 and in 2010 it reached its peak values, then in the interval of these years the readings decreased.

Figure 1.7 Cruising speed

The operating speed, as can be seen from the graph, has only been increasing at the enterprise in recent years. This is due to the fact that the necessary measures are taken to reduce the downtime at each stop when transporting goods and some increases in the length of service routes.

Figure 1.8 Traffic volume

Figure 1.9 Dynamics of expenses and income

In general, the change in expenses and income is the same. Their performance increased every year. But as you can see from the graph, the difference between these indicators in the last year has changed towards an increase in income.

2 . TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF ATP

2.1 Selection of source data

To calculate the production program and the scope of work of the ATP, the following initial data are required: the type and number of rolling stock, the average daily mileage of vehicles and their technical condition, road and natural climatic conditions operation, operating mode of rolling stock and modes of maintenance and repair.

Table 2.1 Initial data for "Avtopark" LLP

Calculation of the production program for maintenance

Calculation of the program for GAZ cars

To calculate the program, we select the standard values \u200b\u200bof the rolling stock mileage to KR and the frequency of TO-1 and TO-2, which are established by the Regulations.

Lk \u003d 300,000 km;

L2 \u003d 20,000 km;

The number of technical impacts on one car per cycle is determined by the ratio of the cycle run to the run up to a given type of impact. Since the cycle mileage is taken to be equal to the car's mileage before overhaul, the number of KP of one car per cycle will be equal to one. The next last one for the TO-2 cycle is not carried out, and the car is sent to the Kyrgyz Republic. TO-2 includes maintenance of TO-1, which is performed simultaneously with TO-2. therefore, in this calculation, the number of TO-1 per cycle does not include maintenance of TO-2. The frequency of daily maintenance is taken equal to the average daily mileage:

KR number:

Nk \u003d Lc / Lk \u003d Lc / Lk; (one)

Nk \u003d 300000/300000 \u003d 1;

Number TO-1:

N1 \u003d Lk / L1- (Nk + N2); (2)

N1 \u003d 300000 / 5000- (1 + 14) \u003d 45;

Number TO-2:

N2 \u003d Lk / L2-Nk 4; (3)

N2 \u003d (300000/20000) -1 \u003d 1;

EO number:

NEO \u003d Lk / Lcc; (four)

NEO \u003d 300000/209 \u003d 1435.

Since the production program of the enterprise is calculated for a year, then to determine the number of maintenance for the year, we will make the appropriate recalculation of the obtained values \u200b\u200bof NEO, N1 and N2 per cycle, using the coefficient of transition from cycle to year. In order to determine the conversion factor, we first need to calculate the technical readiness factor bt and the annual mileage of one car Lg. The technical readiness factor is calculated by the formula:

bt \u003d 1 / (1 + lcc (DTO-TP / 1000 + Dk / Lk)), (5)

bt \u003d 1 / (1 + 209 (0.2 / 1000 + 15/300000)) \u003d 0.95;

here D TO-TR is the specific vehicle idle time in TO and TR in days per 1000 km of run;

Дк - the number of days the vehicle is idle in the Kyrgyz Republic

Determine the annual mileage:

Lg \u003d Dslave · Lcc · bt; (6)

Lg \u003d 356 * 209 * 0.95 \u003d 72 470.75 km;

Then we find the coefficient of transition from cycle to year:

zg \u003d Lg / Lk; (7)

sr \u003d 72470.75 / 300000 \u003d 0.24;

The annual number of EO, TO-1, and TO-2 for one list vehicle will be:

NEO.g \u003d NEO * zg; (8)

NEOG \u003d 1435 * 0.24 \u003d 344.4;

N1.d \u003d N1 * zg; (9)

N1.g \u003d 45 * 0.24 \u003d 10.8;

N2.d \u003d N2 * 3g; (ten)

N2.g \u003d 14 * 0.24 \u003d 3.36;

For the whole group of cars:

Y NEO.g \u003d NEO.g * Au; (eleven)

Nk \u003d 344.4 * 40 \u003d 13776;

Y N1.g \u003d N1.g * Au; (12)

At N1.g \u003d 10.8 * 40 \u003d 432;

Y N2.g \u003d N2.g * Au; (thirteen)

For N2.g \u003d 3.36 * 40 \u003d 134.4;

where Ai is the list of cars.

According to the regulation, as a separate type of service is not planned and the work on diagnosing the rolling stock is included in the scope of maintenance and repair work. At the same time, depending on the method of organization, diagnostics of cars can be carried out at separate posts or be combined with the maintenance process. Therefore, the number of diagnostic impacts is determined for the subsequent calculation of diagnostic posts and their organization.

The ATP, in accordance with the Regulations, provides for diagnostics of the D-1 and D-2 rolling stock.

Diagnostics D-1 is intended mainly for determining the technical condition of units, assemblies and systems of the vehicle that ensure traffic safety. D-1 is carried out, as a rule, with the frequency of TO-1.

Diagnosis D-1:

U Nd-1g = Y N1.g + 0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g; (14)

For Nd-1r \u003d 432 + 0.1 * 432 + 134.4 \u003d 609.6;

Diagnosis D-2:

Y Nd-2g \u003d Y N2.g + 0.2 Y N2.g; (15)

For Nd-2r \u003d 134.4 + 0.2 * 134.4 \u003d 161.

Calculation of the production program for maintenance for cars of the "ZIL" brand.

First, we find the technical readiness coefficient bt according to the formula:

bt \u003d 1 / (1 + lcc (DTO-TP / 1000 + Dk / Lk) \u003d 1 / (1 + 67 (0.2 / 1000 + 12/300000) \u003d 0.98;

Lg \u003d Dwork. · L cc · bt \u003d 365 * 67 * 0.98 \u003d 23965.9 km;

Coefficient zg \u003d Lg / Lk \u003d 23965.9 / 300000 \u003d 0.08;

The annual number of EO, TO-1, and TO-2 for one list car and the entire fleet will be: NEO.g \u003d NEO * zg \u003d 1435 * 0.08 \u003d 114.8;

N1.r \u003d N1 * sr \u003d 45 * 0.08 \u003d 3.6;

N2.r \u003d N2 * sr \u003d 14 * 0.08 \u003d 1.12;

NEO.g \u003d NEO.g * Au \u003d 114.8 * 75 \u003d 8610;

At N1.g \u003d N1.g * Au \u003d 3.6 * 75 \u003d 270;

N2.g \u003d N2.g * Au \u003d 1.12 * 75 \u003d 84;

Determination of the number of D-1 and D-2 diagnostic impacts on the ZIL car park per year.

Diagnosis D-1:

U Nd-1g = At N1.g + 0.1 At N1.g + At N2.g \u003d 270 + 0.1 * 270 + 84 \u003d 381;

Diagnosis D-2:

For Nd-2g \u003d For N2.g + 0.2 For N2.g \u003d 84 + 0.2 * 84 \u003d 101.

2. 2 Calculation of the annual scope of work and the numberindustrial workers

Cars of the brand "Gas".

To calculate the annual volume of work, we preliminarily set the standard labor intensity of TO and TR in accordance with the Regulations for the rolling stock designed by the ATP, and then adjust them taking into account the specific operating conditions. Labor intensity standards for TO and TR are established by the Regulations for the following set of conditions: I category of operating conditions; basic car models; the climatic region is temperate; the mileage of the rolling stock since the beginning of operation is 50-70% of the mileage before overhaul; at the ATP, maintenance and repair of 200-300 units is carried out. rolling stock, comprising three technologically compatible groups; ATP is equipped with means of mechanization in accordance with the table of technological equipment.

t EO \u003d t EO (n) * K4 * Km; (16)

t EO \u003d 0.7 * 0.45 * 1.15 \u003d 0.36 man-h;

t 1 \u003d t 1 (n) * K4; (17)

t 1 \u003d 5.5 * 1.15 \u003d 6.3 man-h;

t 2 \u003d t 2 (n) * K4; (eighteen)

t 2 \u003d 18 * 1.15 \u003d 20.7 people-h;

t tr \u003d t tr (n) * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4; (19)

t tr \u003d 5.5 * 1.1 * 1.2 * 1.6 * 1.15 \u003d 13.4 man-hours.

t CO \u003d (d / 100) * t 2; (20)

where d is the proportion of these works depending on the climatic region. In our case, q \u003d 20%.

t CO \u003d (20/100) * 20.7 \u003d 4.14 man-hours,

Diagnosis D-1:

t 1 + d-1 \u003d 1.1t 1; (21)

t 1 + d-1 \u003d 1.1 * 6.3 \u003d 6.93 man-h;

t d-1 \u003d 0.25t 1; (22)

t d-1 \u003d 0.25 * 6.3 \u003d 1.6 man-h;

t `1 \u003d 0.85t 1; (23)

t `1 \u003d 0.85 * 6.3 \u003d 5.4 man-hours.

Diagnosis D-2:

t d-2 \u003d 0.17t 2; (24)

t d-2 \u003d 0.17 * 20.7 \u003d 3.5 man-hours.

The annual volume of work on maintenance and repair. The volume of work on EO, TO-1, TO-2 per year is determined by the product of the number of maintenance by the standard (adjusted) value of the labor intensity of this type of maintenance:

T EOG \u003d Y NEOG * t EO; (25)

T EOr \u003d 13776 * 0.36 \u003d 4959.4 man-h;

If TO-1 and D-1 are carried out together, then the total annual volume is found by the formula:

T 1 + d-1 \u003d Y N1g * t 1 + d-1 + (0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g) * t d-1; (26)

T 1 + d-1 \u003d 432 * 6.93 + (0.1432 + 134.4) * 1.6 \u003d 3277.9 man-h;

T 1g \u003d Y N1g * t 1; (27)

T 1g \u003d 432 * 6.3 \u003d 2722 man-h;

Annual volume D-1:

T d-1g \u003d U Nd-1g * td-1; (28)

T d-1g \u003d 609 * 1.6 \u003d 974.4 man-h;

Annual scope of work on TO-2:

T 2g \u003d Y N2g * t 2+ Au * t CO; (29)

T 2g \u003d 134.4 * 20.7 + 40 * 4.14 \u003d 2948 man-h;

T d-2d \u003d Y Nd-2g * t d-2d; (thirty)

T d-2g \u003d 161 * 3.5 \u003d 564 man-h;

TR annual scope of work:

T TP \u003d (Au * Lg / 1000) * t TP; (31)

T TR \u003d (40 * 72470.75 / 1000) * 13.4 \u003d 38844.3 man-h;

The total annual volume of work on the enterprise for gas vehicles:

T PR \u003d T EOG + T 1g + T d-1g + T 2g + T d-2g + T TP; (32)

T PR \u003d 4959.4 + 2722 + 974.4 + 2948 + 564 + +38844.3 \u003d 51012 man-hours;

ZIL cars.The annual scope of work for ATP is determined in man-hours and includes the scope of work for EO, \u200b\u200bTO-1, TO-2, TR and enterprise self-service. Based on these volumes, the number of working production zones and sections is determined.

Selection and adjustment of normative labor intensity. To calculate the annual volume of work, we preliminarily set the normative labor intensity of TO and TR in accordance with the Regulations for the rolling stock (ZIL) of the ATP being designed, and then adjust them taking into account specific operating conditions.

t EO \u003d t EO (n) * K4 * Km \u003d 0.5 * 0.45 * 1.15 \u003d 0.26 man-h;

t 1 \u003d t 1 (n) * K4 \u003d 2.9 * 1.15 \u003d 3.3 man-h;

t 2 \u003d t 2 (n) * K4 \u003d 11.7 * 1.15 \u003d 13.5 man-h;

t tr \u003d t tr (n) * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 \u003d 3.2 * 1.1 * 1.2 * 2.0 * 1.15 \u003d 9.7 man-hours.

Labor intensity of seasonal service:

t CO \u003d (d / 100) * t 2 \u003d (20/100) * 13.5 \u003d 2.7 man-h,

Distribution of the scope of work on diagnosing D-1 and D-2.

Diagnosis D-1:

t 1 + d-1 \u003d 1.1 t 1 \u003d 1.1 * 3.3 \u003d 3.63 man-h;

t d-1 \u003d 0.25 t 1 \u003d 0.25 * 3.3 \u003d 0.83 man-h;

t `1 \u003d 0.85t 1 \u003d 0.85 * 3.3 \u003d 2.8 man-hours.

Diagnosis D-2:

t d-2 \u003d 0.17 t 2 \u003d 0.17 * 13.5 \u003d 2.3 man-hours.

Annual scope of maintenance and repair works:

T EOr \u003d Y NEOr * t EO \u003d 8610 * 0.26 \u003d 2239 man-h;

If TO-1 and D-1 are carried out together:

T 1 + d-1 \u003d Y N1g * t 1 + d-1 + (0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g) * t d-1 \u003d 270 * 3.63 + (27 + 84) * 0 , 83 \u003d 1072 people-h;

If separately, then the annual volume of TO-1:

T 1g \u003d Y N1g * t 1 \u003d 270 * 3.3 \u003d 891 man-h;

Annual volume D-1:

T d-1g \u003d U Nd-1g * td-1 \u003d 381 * 0.83 \u003d 316 man-h;

Annual scope of work on TO-2:

T 2g \u003d Y N2g * t 2+ Au * t CO \u003d 84 * 13.5 + 75 * 2.7 \u003d 1337 man-hours;

Annual scope of work for diagnosing D-2:

T d-2g \u003d U Nd-2g * t d-2g \u003d 101 * 2.3 \u003d 232 man-h;

TR annual scope of work:

T TR \u003d (Au * Lg / 1000) * t TR \u003d (75 * 23232.25 / 1000) * 9.7 \u003d 16902 man-h;

Total annual scope of work for the enterprise:

T PR \u003d T EOg + T 1g + T d-1g + T 2g + T d-2g + T TR \u003d 2239 + 891 +316 + 1337 + 232 + 16902 \u003d 21917 man-hours.

Annual scope of work on self-service of the enterprise... According to the Regulations, in addition to maintenance and repair work, auxiliary work is performed in the ATP, the volume of which (TSP) is 20-30% of the total volume of maintenance and repair work of rolling stock. The auxiliary work includes self-service work of the enterprise (maintenance and repair of technological equipment of zones and sections, maintenance of utilities, maintenance and repair of buildings, manufacture and repair of non-standard equipment and tools), which are carried out in independent departments or in corresponding production areas. The scope of auxiliary work consists of the scope of work generally accepted and self-service work. We carry out calculations for the entire ATP, therefore we take into account both groups of cars:

T sp \u003d T total + T itself (33)

T sp \u003d B * T pr (34)

where B is the share of auxiliary work depending on the number of vehicles of the enterprise. In our case, B \u003d 0.3 for ATP with the number of cars up to 200. Then we get: T vp \u003d 0.3 * 21917 \u003d 6575 man-h;

T total \u003d 0.38 * 6575 \u003d 2499 man-h; T itself \u003d 0.62 * 6575 \u003d 4076 man-h;

Distribution of the scope of TO and TR by production zones and areas. The scope of TO and TR is distributed according to the place of its implementation, according to technological and organizational characteristics. TO and TR are performed at posts and production sites (departments).

Taking into account the peculiarities of the production technology, work on EO and TO-1 is carried out in separate zones. Post work on TO-2, performed at universal posts, and TR are usually carried out in a common area. In some cases, TO-2 is performed at the posts of the TO-1 line, but on a different shift. Work on diagnosing D-1 is carried out at independent posts (lines) or combined with work carried out at TO-1 posts. diagnosis of D-2 is usually carried out at separate posts.

Considering all of the above, we distribute and enter the values \u200b\u200binto the table.

Table 2.3 Distribution of the annual scope of work of EO, TO-1, TO-2, TR and self-service by type for the entire ATP

						volume

Guards
1. Harvesting
2. Washing rooms
3. Wipers
4. Diagnostic
5. Fasteners
6. Adjusting
7. Lubricating, refueling cleaning
8. Electrical
9. Power system maintenance
10. Tire
11. Bodywork
12. Disassembly and assembly

Precinct
1. Aggregate
2. Locksmith and mechanical
3. Electrical
4. Rechargeable
5. Power system repair
6. Tire
7. Vulcanizing
8. Forging and spring
9. Mednitsky
10. Welding
11. Tinsky
12. Rebar
13. Woodworking
14. Painting
15. Wallpaper

Self-service areas

1. Electrical
2. Pipeline
3. Repair and construction

Calculation of the number of production workers.

Production workers include work areas and sections directly performing maintenance and repair work on rolling stock. Distinguish between technologically necessary (attendance) and staff (payroll) number of workers. The technologically required number of workers ensures the implementation of the daily, and the staffing - the annual production programs (scope of work) for maintenance and repair.

Technologically required number of workers:

Pt \u003d T g / F t; (35)

where T g is the annual volume of work in the maintenance zone, TR or section, man-h;

F t is the annual fund of time for a technologically necessary worker in 1-shift work, h. Ft is taken to be 2070 h.

Staff number of workers:

Psh \u003d T g / F w; (36)

Ф w is the annual fund of time for a "regular" worker, h. Ф w is taken equal to 1830 hours.

In design practice, to calculate the technologically necessary number of workers, the annual fund of time Ft is taken equal to 2070 hours for industries with normal working conditions and 1830 hours for industries with harmful conditions. Using these formulas, we find the number of workers and enter it in table 2.4.

Table 2.4 Number of production workers

Names of zones and sections	Annual volume of work in a zone or section, man-h	The estimated number of technological required Workers	The number of technologically necessary workers accepted,	The annual fund of time for a full-time worker, fr. four	Number of full-time workers,


Service areas and maintenance Zone TR (posts)
Production new sites Aggregate Electrical engineering Rechargeable By system Tire Vulcanization Mednitsky Welding Forging spring Locksmith- mechanical Joiner

2.3 Technological calculation of production zones, areas and warehouses

Calculation of the areas of maintenance and repair zones:

Fz \u003d fa * Xz * Kp; (37)

where fa is the area occupied by the car in the plan (in terms of overall dimensions), m2;

Xz is the number of posts;

Kp - the coefficient of the density of the arrangement of posts.

Kp coefficient is the ratio of the area occupied by cars, driveways, aisles, workplaces, to the sum of the areas of cars in the plan. The Kp value depends on the dimensions of the vehicle and the location of the posts.

Calculation of production areas.

The area of \u200b\u200bproduction sites can be calculated in 3 ways:

1. By the area of \u200b\u200bthe room occupied by the equipment and the density coefficient of its arrangement:

Fу \u003d f about * Kp; (38)

f about - equipment area.

To calculate Fу, a list of equipment is preliminarily drawn up on the basis of the Timesheet and catalogs of technological equipment and its total area f about for the site is determined.

2. At a specific rate for 1 worker and subsequent:

Fuch \u003d fр1 + fр2 * (Pt-1); (39)

where fр1 is the specific area per 1 worker;

fр2 - specific area of \u200b\u200bsubsequent;

Рт - the number of workers in this area.

3. Method of GIPROAVTOTRANS.

Calculation of warehouse areas.

Warehouses are calculated using two methods:

1. By the stored stock:

Fsc \u003d fob * Kp; (40)

2. Specific rate per 1 million km of run:

Fsc \u003d (Lg * Au * fud) / 106 * Kp * Kraz * Kps; (41)

where Lg is the annual mileage;

fud is the specific rate of the stock of lubricants;

Kр - coefficient taking into account the size of the ATP;

Kraz is a coefficient that takes into account the variability;

Kps - coefficient taking into account the type of rolling stock.

Storage area calculation.

The storage area is determined by the formula

Fхр \u003d Au * fa * Kхр; (42)

where fa is the area occupied by the car in the plan;

Kхр - coefficient taking into account the location. Kxp \u003d 3.0

Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bauxiliary rooms

Рт \u003d Ррр + Рмог + Рв + Ритр; (43)

2.4 Equipment selection

The technological equipment includes stationary and portable machines, stands, instruments, fixtures and production equipment (workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets) necessary to ensure the production process of the ATU. Technological equipment for production purposes are divided into basic (machine, dismantling and assembly, etc.), complete, lifting and inspection and lifting and transport, general purpose (workbenches, racks, etc.) and warehouse.

When selecting equipment, they use the “Table of technological equipment and specialized tools”, catalogs, reference books, etc. The table gives an approximate list of equipment for performing various maintenance and repair work and its number, depending on the type and number of vehicles on the ATU. The nomenclature and quantity of technological equipment given in the Table are set for average conditions. Therefore, the nomenclature and the number of individual types of equipment for the designed ATP can be adjusted by calculation taking into account the specifics of the enterprise's work (accepted methods of organizing work, the number of posts, the operating mode of zones and sections, etc.).

The number of basic equipment is determined either by the labor intensity of work and the fund of working hours of the equipment or by the degree of use of the equipment and its productivity.

Table 2.5 Technological equipment of the workplace

Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions, mm	Quantity, pcs	Cost, tenge

Car wash brush
Compressed air gun
Parts washing plant		1900CH2200CH2000
Car wash installation		6500CH3500CH3000

Grease blower
Grease blower
Oil dispensing tank
Transmission oil filling station
Installation for anti-corrosion coatings
Air outlet hose tip
Air-dispensing column for cars
Compressor
Compressometer
Device for determining the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group of engines
Engine Cylinder Efficiency Meter

A device for testing the fuel pump of carburetor engines
Battery probes
Battery probes
Set of instruments and tools for batteries
Device for testing the anchors of starter and electric motors
Distributor breaker testing devices
Spark plug cleaning and inspection kit
Test stand for generators, relay-regulators and starters

Device for checking and adjusting car headlights
Installation for rapid charging of batteries
Versatile cold starter
Front wheel alignment ruler
Stand for control and adjustment of car installation angles
Car wheel balancing machine
Vehicle Steering Tester
Deselerometer
Test stand for hydraulic brakes and clutch drives
Car brake test stand
Complex of diagnostic equipment
Set of double-sided wrenches with open jaws
Combination wrench set
Socket wrenches
Fitter's tool kit
Big Fitter's Tool Kit
Carburetor regulator tool kit
Auto mechanic tool kit	I131, I132, I133
Set of tools for adjusting the alignment of steering wheels of cars
Hydraulic Power Steering Tool Kit
Car Electrical Tool Kit
Tool kits and accessories with hydraulic drive for car body straightening
Wrench for wheel nuts
Drill for grinding engine valves
Stand for assembling and disassembling car engines
Stand for disassembling and assembling the front axle of cars
Pressing and machine tools
Machine for boring brake drums and turning brake pads
Stand for mounting and dismounting tires of car wheels

Table 2.6 Technological equipment

Name	Model or GOST	Amount	Cost, tenge

Locksmith vice	GOST 4045-57
Bench hammer 500 g	GOST-2310-54
Copper hammer weighing 500 g	PNM 1468-17-370
Portable flaw detector
Magnetometer
Wooden hammer (mallet)
The machine for hand hacksaws is dense
Hacksaw blade 300Ch13Ch0.8 mm
Straight tweezers, length 175 mm	VNII Normal
Locksmith chisel 15 ° C60 °	GOST 2711-54
Hair brush
Hand taps М4чМ12	GOST 10903-64
Load fork	NIIAT-LE-2
Acid meter
Electric soldering iron	GOST 7219-54
Funnel for filling electrolyte
Hotplate
Ceramic mug
Lead spill bucket
Drying cabinet
Hand drill	GOST 2310-54
Air hose with pressure gauge	GOST 9921-61
Roughing tool kit

Table 2.7 Organizational rigging

Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions in plan, mm	Amount	Cost, tenge

Battery repair bench
Cabinet for devices and fixtures
Rack for devices and fixtures
Fume hood for melting lead and mastic
Equipment stand
Stand for bottles for acid	NIIAT-AR-2
Sand box
Locksmith workbench
Rack for storing tires and wheels		2000CH1000CH2000
Storage area for cameras	Own production
Workwear storage cabinet	Article 245
Camera repair workbench
Waste bin

3 . CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Requirements for the master plan

The general plan of the enterprise is a plan for the building land plot territory, oriented in relation to public passages and neighboring estates, indicating buildings and structures on it according to their overall outline, areas for garage-free storage of rolling stock across the territory.

Master plans are developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89 - 80 "General plans of industrial enterprises", SNiP ІІ-60 - 75 "Planning and development of cities, villages and rural settlements", SNiP ІІ-93 - 74 "Car service enterprises "And ONTP-ATP-STO - 80.

When designing an enterprise for the specific conditions of a given city or other settlement, the development of a master plan is preceded by the choice of a land plot for construction, which is important for achieving the most economical construction of an ATP and ease of operation. The main requirements for plots when choosing them are:

the optimal size of the site (preferably rectangular with a side ratio from 1: 1 to 1: 3);

relatively flat terrain and good hydrogeological conditions;

close location to public roads and utilities;

the ability to provide heat, water, gas and electricity, discharge of sewage and storm water;

lack of buildings to be demolished;

the possibility of reserve area of \u200b\u200bthe site, taking into account the prospects for the development of the enterprise

The construction of a master plan is largely determined by the space-planning solution of buildings (the size and configuration of the building, the number of floors, etc.), therefore, the master plan and space-planning decisions are interrelated and are usually worked out simultaneously during design.

Before the development of the general plan, the list of the main buildings and structures located on the territory of the enterprise, the area of \u200b\u200btheir development and overall dimensions in the plan are preliminarily specified.

At the stage of feasibility study and with preliminary calculations, the required area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise site (in hectares):

Fuch \u003d 10-6 (Fz.ps + Fz.ws + Fop) Kz (44)

where Fz.ps - the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction of industrial and warehouse buildings, m2;

Fz.vs - the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction of auxiliary buildings, m2;

Fop - area of \u200b\u200bopen areas for storage of rolling stock, m2;

Kz - building density of the territory,%

Depending on the layout of the main premises (buildings) and structures of the enterprise, the development of the site can be united (blocked) or separated (pavilion). In the case of a combined development, all the main production facilities are located in one building, and in a disconnected development, in separate buildings.

When developing master plans, buildings and structures with production processes accompanied by the release of smoke and dust into the atmosphere, as well as with explosive processes, must be located in relation to other buildings and structures from the windward side. Warehouses of flammable and combustible materials in relation to production buildings should be located on the leeward side. Buildings equipped with light-aeration lanterns should preferably be oriented in such a way that the axes of the lanterns are perpendicular or at an angle of 45 ° to the prevailing direction of summer winds.

When placing buildings, it is necessary to take into account the terrain and hydrogeological conditions. The rational arrangement of buildings should ensure the implementation of a minimum amount of earthwork when planning the site. Thus, buildings of rectangular configuration in the plan, as a rule, should be placed in such a way that the long side of the building is located perpendicular to the direction of the slope in the territory of the site.

The main indicators of the general plan are the area and density of the building, the utilization rates and landscaping of the territory.

The building area is defined as the sum of the areas occupied by buildings and structures of all types, including sheds, open parking lots and warehouses, reserve areas, designated in accordance with the design assignment. The built-up area does not include areas occupied by blind areas, sidewalks, highways, outdoor sports grounds, recreation areas, green spaces, open parking lots.

The building density of an enterprise is determined by the ratio of the building area to the area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise site.

The utilization rate of the territory is determined by the ratio of the area occupied by buildings, structures, open areas, highways, sidewalks and landscaping to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise.

The greening factor is determined by the ratio of the area to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise.

Requirements for the production building.

The space-planning solution of the building is subordinated to its functional purpose. It is developed taking into account climatic conditions, modern building requirements, the need for maximum blocking of buildings, the need to ensure the possibility of changing technological processes and expanding production without significant reconstruction of the building, environmental protection requirements, fire and sanitary and hygienic requirements, as well as a number of others related to heating , power supply, ventilation, etc.

The most important of these requirements is the industrialization of construction, which provides for the installation of a building from prefabricated unified, mainly reinforced concrete structural elements (foundation blocks, columns, beams, trusses, etc.) manufactured in an industrial way. For the industrialization of construction, it is necessary to unify structural elements in order to limit the range and number of standard sizes of manufactured elements. This is ensured by the structural scheme of the building based on the use of a unified grid of columns that serve as supports for the covering or the floor of the building.

The grid of columns is measured by the distance between the axes of the rows in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The dimensions of the spans and the spacing of the columns, as a rule, should be a multiple of 6 m.As an exception, with proper justification, it is allowed to take spans of 9 m.

Single-storey industrial buildings of ATP are mainly designed of frame type with a grid of columns 18 × 12 and 24 × 12 m. The use of a grid of columns with a pitch of 12 m allows better use of production areas and a 4 - 5% reduction in construction costs compared to similar buildings with a column pitch of 6 m.

For multi-storey buildings, at present, reinforced concrete building structures are designed for grids of columns 6Ch6, 6Ch9, 6Ch12 and 9Ch12 m. At the same time, an enlarged grid of columns (18Ch6 and 18Ch12 m) is allowed on the top floor. Multi-storey buildings with a larger grid of columns require the use of individual structures, which, to a certain extent, hinders the wider use of multi-storey vehicles for both special equipment and trucks.

The height of the premises, that is, the distance from the floor to the bottom of the structure of the covering (floor) or overhead equipment is taken taking into account the requirements of the technological process, the requirements for unification of the building parameters of buildings and the placement of overhead conveying equipment (conveyors, hoists, etc.).

In the absence of suspension devices, the height of the production premises is calculated from the top of the tallest vehicle in its working position plus at least 2.8 m. The height of the production premises, into which cars do not enter, must also be at least 2.8 m.

The height of the premises for maintenance and repair posts, depending on the type of rolling stock, arrangement of posts and overhead equipment, is given in the table:

Table 3.1 The height of the premises of the posts of maintenance and repair according to ONTP-ATP-STO - 80, m.

The height of the premises in one-story parking lots should be taken 0.2 m higher than the height of the tallest car stored in the room, but in all cases not less than 2 m.However, in fact, the height of the parking spaces in a one-story building, based on the requirements for unification of building elements, is taken as 3.6 m with spans of 12 m, and 4.8 m - with spans of 18 and 24 m.

The height of the floors of multi-storey buildings (from the level of the finished floor to the level of the finished floor of the next floor) is taken as 3.6 or 4.8 m.

Basic requirements for a post, site, zone.

The technological layout of zones and sections is a plan for the arrangement of posts, a car, waiting and storage areas, technological equipment, production equipment, lifting and transport and other equipment and is the technical documentation of the project, according to which equipment is placed and mounted. The degree of elaboration and detailing of the technological layout depends on the design stage.

The planning solution of the TO and TR zones is developed taking into account the requirements of SNiP ІІ-93 - 74.

For the placement of posts for washing and cleaning of cars of the II, III and IV categories, as well as posts for maintenance and repair of cars, separate production facilities should be provided.

In areas with an average temperature of the coldest month above 0 °, posts for washing and cleaning cars, as well as posts for performing fastening and adjustment work (without disassembling units and assemblies) can be placed in open areas or under sheds. It is allowed to place the following sections at the ATP up to 200 cars of І, ІІ and ІІІ categories or up to 50 cars of ІV category in the same room with the maintenance and service stations: engine, aggregate, mechanical, electrical and carburetor (power devices).

The posts (lines) of cleaning and washing operations are usually located in separate rooms, which is associated with the nature of the operations performed (noise, spray, evaporation).

Diagnostic posts are located either in separate rooms or in a common room with TO and TR posts.

The planning solution and the dimensions of the TO and TR zones depend on the chosen construction grid of the columns, the arrangement of posts, their relative position and the width of the passage in the zones.

4 . ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

Enterprise management is a complex process. It should ensure the unity of action and the purposefulness of the work of the collectives of all divisions of the enterprise, the effective use of various equipment in the labor process, the interconnected coordinated activity of workers. From which management is defined as a process of targeted impact on production to ensure its effective implementation.

The enterprise is a complex system. Any system has a manageable and control system. The first consists of a number of interconnected production complexes: main and auxiliary workshops, various kinds of services. The second is a set of controls. Both systems are connected by means of information coming from control objects, as well as from external sources of information to the control system, and decisions made on the basis of this information, which are sent in the form of commands to the controlled system for execution.

The proportional relationship of the individual parts of the system is the main requirement for its functioning. However, every system is not stable once and for all. It develops, changes, improves. At the same time, the impact on the enterprise is possible not only from the system, but also from other systems.

The production process and its specific features necessitate the establishment of appropriate forms and functions of management. Schematically, production management can be represented in the form of a series of main stages, covering the collection of the necessary initial information, transferring it to the heads of the relevant departments, processing and analyzing it, making decisions and, finally, analyzing the results of the work performed and collecting new information.

4.2 Management form LLP "Autopark"

Avtopark LLP has adopted a line-staff form of management, formed on the basis of linear and functional management systems, in which the single-head manager has a headquarters consisting of functional cells (departments, departments, groups, individual specialists) corresponding to a specific management function. The line-staff management system provides the most effective combination of one-man management with the activities of competent specialists, contributing to an increase in the level of production management.

Figure 4.1 Scheme of administrative subordination of Avtopark LLP

4.3 Enterprise management LLP "Avtopark"

All organizational units of the management of Avtopark LLP, including operational, technical and economic services, carry out their activities in close cooperation and under the leadership of the director of the enterprise and his deputies.

The director is entrusted with responsible duties: organization of material and technical supply, scientific organization of labor at the enterprise; management of work on the introduction of new equipment and technology, improvement of the transport process and the fulfillment of obligations by the enterprise to the state budget and the bank. The issues of personnel selection and training, labor protection and safety, housing and social and cultural construction also require close and constant attention from the head of the enterprise.

The director of the enterprise is endowed with great rights. He establishes the structure of the management apparatus, approves the transfinplan based on the assignments of the higher organization within the limits provided for by law, makes changes to the plan, accepts orders for transportation from other organizations, makes changes to the title lists of construction, approves and, if necessary, changes design tasks and estimate financial calculations for the construction of individual objects.

The head of the workshops is responsible for the implementation of the plan for all indicators, the proper technical condition and use of rolling stock, the organization of the work of drivers, repair and other workers, the state of labor discipline, and work to improve working conditions. They are endowed with rights in terms of encouraging and punishing workers in columns and workshops, assigning workers a qualification category. On their submission, the issues of hiring and firing workers and other workers in the shops are resolved.

The director in his work relies on the collective of workers and public organizations, and solves many issues jointly.

Foremen are at the head of each site and are its technical and economic leader. They organize the production process, ensure strict adherence to technological discipline and high quality maintenance repair of vehicles.

The operation service organizes its work on the established transportation plan for the serviced enterprises and organizations by types of cargo and consignors, as well as the passenger transportation plan. It seeks opportunities for the most rational implementation of these transportations at the lowest cost.

The planning department is guided by the current regulations and, on the basis of the director's instructions, organizes the development of long-term and current plans of the enterprise, manages the preparation of plans in the columns and shops, coordinates the work of other departments in drawing up the corresponding sections of the plans, communicates the approved plans to the columns, shops and services. The personnel department develops proposals for improving the organization of work of drivers, repair and other workers of the enterprise, improving the system of remuneration and resolves issues related to the regulation of wages.

The multiplicity factor between the values \u200b\u200bof the average cycle mileage of the accepted frequency of TO-2 is determined by the formula:

n3 \u003d Lcr / L2,

where Lcr - mileage rate to KR;

Lcr \u003d 129600; L2 \u003d 11200;

n3 \u003d 129600/11200 \u003d 11.57 (we take 12).

Then the accepted value of the average cycle run is determined by the formula:

Lcr \u003d L2 * n3,

where L2 is the normative frequency of TO-2;

n3 is the correction factor;

L2 \u003d 11200; n3 \u003d 12;

Lcr \u003d 11200 * 12 \u003d 134400 km.

2.1.4 Correcting the rate of downtime in maintenance and repair

Correction of the rate of downtime in maintenance and repair is determined by the formula:

dt and tr \u003d d n then and tr * K4 (wed), days / 1000 km

where K4 (cf) is the coefficient of correction of the norms of the specific labor intensity of current repairs and the duration of downtime in maintenance and repair, depending on the mileage from the beginning of operation.

Since our mileage since the beginning of operation is 242,000 km, and the mileage for the VAZ-21102 to KR is 180,000, the share of the mileage since the start of operation will be 242,000/180000 \u003d 1.34. Then K4 (cf) \u003d 1.4

dt and tr \u003d 0.3 * 1.4 \u003d 0.42 days / 1000 km

2.1.5 Correction of the specific labor intensity of TO-1

Correction of the specific labor intensity of the current repair is determined by the formula:

tto-1 \u003d t n to-1 * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 * K5, man-h / 1000 km

where K1 \u003d 1.2 is the coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on the category of operation

K2 \u003d 1.0 - coefficient taking into account the modification of the rolling stock

К3 \u003d 1,1 - coefficient of standards correction depending on natural and climatic conditions

К4 \u003d 1.6 - the coefficient of correction of the norms of the specific labor intensity of the current repair and the duration of downtime in maintenance and repair, depending on the mileage from the beginning of operation

К5 \u003d 0.95 - coefficient of labor intensity correction

tto-1 \u003d 2.3 * 1.2 * 1.0 * 1.1 * 1.6 * 0.95 \u003d 4.6 man-h / 1000 km

Based on the results of the calculations, we will compile a table for adjusting the mileage of cars to TO-1, TO-2 and KR for a motor transport company (taxi fleet).

Table 2 - Correction of mileage to TO-1, TO-2 and KR

2.1.6 Calculation of the amount of maintenance for 1 car per cycle

The number of TO-2 is found by the formula:

N2 \u003d Lcr / L2-Nc,

L2 - normative frequency of TO-2;

Nк - the number of KR per cycle;

Lcr \u003d 134400 km; L2 \u003d 11200 km; Nk \u003d 1;

N2 \u003d 134400 / 11200-1 \u003d 11.

The number of TO-1 is found by the formula:

N1 \u003d Lcr / L1-Nc-N2,

where Lcr is the value of the run up to KR;

L1 - standard frequency of TO-1;

Nк - the number of KR per cycle;

N2 - the number of TO-2 for 1 car;

Lcr \u003d 134400 km; L1 \u003d 2800 km; Nk \u003d 1; N2 \u003d 11;

N1 \u003d 134400 / 2800-1-11 \u003d 36.

The amount of EO is found by the formula:

Neo \u003d Lcr / Lcc,

where Lcr is the value of the run up to KR;

Lcc - average daily mileage of the vehicle;

Lcr \u003d 134400 km; Lcc \u003d 400 km;

Neo \u003d 134400/400 \u003d 336

2.1.7 Technical availability factor

The technical readiness factor for each vehicle at the enterprise is determined by the cycle mileage:

αt \u003d De / (De + Dto and tr + Dkr),

where De - days of operation for a cycle run:

De \u003d Lcr / Lss, days

where Lcr \u003d 134400 km is the calculated value, the corrected rate of overhaul

Lcc \u003d 400 km - average daily mileage

Te \u003d 134400/400 \u003d 336 days

days of downtime in MOT and TR for a cycle run:

Dto and tr \u003d Lcr * dto and tr / 1000, days

where dt and tr \u003d 0.42 is the calculated value

Dto and tr \u003d 134400 * 0.42 / 1000 \u003d 57 days

idle days in the Kyrgyz Republic:

Dcr \u003d dcr + dtrans, days

where dcr \u003d 18 days - the initial standard

dtrans \u003d 0.15 * d cr, days - days of transportation

dtrans \u003d 0.15 * 18 \u003d 3 days

Dkr \u003d 18 + 3 \u003d 21 days

αt \u003d 336 / (336 + 57 + 21) \u003d 0.81

2.1.8 Vehicle utilization rate

The vehicle utilization rate is determined by the formula:

αi \u003d Drg * Ki * αt / 365

where Drg is the number of working days per year

αт - coefficient of technical readiness

Ki \u003d 0.93 is the coefficient of the system of using technically sound vehicles for organizational reasons

αi \u003d 253 * 0.93 * 0.81 / 365 \u003d 0.52

2.1.9 Annual mileage

The annual mileage is determined by the formula:

∑Lg \u003d 365 * Au * lss * αi, km

where Au \u003d 210 is the list of ATP vehicles, pcs

lcc \u003d 400 km - average daily mileage

αi - vehicle utilization rate

∑Lg \u003d 365 * 210 * 400 * 0.52 \u003d 15943200 km

The coefficient of transition from cycle to year is found by the formula:

hg \u003d Lg / Lcr,

where Lg \u003d ∑Lg / Ai is the annual mileage of the car;

Lcr is the value of the mileage to KR;

Lg \u003d 15943200/210 \u003d 75920 km; Lcr \u003d 134400 km;

hg \u003d 75920/134400 \u003d 0.56

The annual production program is determined by the formula:

Ng \u003d åLg / Lcr;

Ng \u003d 15943200/134400 \u003d 119

The replacement program is calculated by the formula:

Ncm \u003d Ng / Drg * Scm * hg

where Ccm \u003d 1 - one-shift operation;

Ncm \u003d 119/253 * 1 * 0.56 \u003d 1.36 (we take Ncm \u003d 2)

2.1.10 Total annual labor intensity of TO-1

The annual volume of work (the time it takes production workers to complete the annual production program) represents the annual labor intensity of product repair in man-hours.

∑Tto-1 \u003d tto-1 * ∑Lg / 1000, person-h

where tto-1 \u003d 4.6 man-h is the adjusted specific labor intensity;

∑Tto-1 \u003d 4.6 * 15943200/1000 \u003d 73338.7 man-h

2.2 Calculation of universal posts TO-1

Fasting tact is determined by the formula:

τ \u003d (tto-1 * 60 / Rp) + ttrans.,

where tto-1 is the labor intensity of work on TO-1;

Рп - the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post;

tper - the time of movement of the car when it is installed at the post;

tto-1 \u003d 4.6; Pn \u003d 2; tper \u003d 2;

τ \u003d (4.6 * 60/2) +2 \u003d 140;

Knowing the operating mode of the zone and the daily production program, the production rhythm is determined:

Rto-1 \u003d Tsn * C * 60 / Nc to-1,

where Tsn is the frequency of the working shift of the TO-1 zone;

С - the number of shifts of the TO-1 zone;

Ns to-1 - daily production program of the TO-1 zone;

Tsn \u003d 7; c \u003d 1; Nc to-1 \u003d 17;

Rtr \u003d 7 * 1 * 60/2 \u003d 210

The number of universal posts for performing TR is determined by the formula:

Xto-2 \u003d Rto-1 / τ

where τ is the post cycle of the TO-1 zone;

Rtr - production rhythm in TO-1 zone;

τ \u003d 140; Rto-2 \u003d 210;

Xto-1 \u003d 210/140 \u003d 1.5 (we take 2 posts).

2.3 Calculation of the number of production workers

The number of technologically necessary performers who actually come to work in the TO-1 zone is calculated by the formula:

Рт \u003d ∑Тto-1 / FM, people

where ∑Tto-1 is the annual labor intensity of work in the TO-1 zone;

FM \u003d 1860 - annual fund of time.

c - the distribution of people simultaneously working at posts.

c \u003d 8,

Рт \u003d 73338.7 / 1860 * 5 \u003d 4.92 people (we accept 5 car mechanics)

2.4 Selection and justification of the method of organizing the technological process

The choice of the method of organizing the technological process is determined according to the shift (daily) program Nc to-1 \u003d 2, which is less than recommended for the flow method (Nc to-1 \u003d 6 - 8) services, therefore in this case either the method of dead-end specialized posts should be applied, or the method of universal posts. The method of universal posts leads to frequent transitions of workers of certain specialties between posts, to movement from place to place with equipment and fixtures. To avoid this, most posts have to be equipped with a whole set of technological equipment, knowing that the need for it will arise only sporadically.

The method of specialized posts creates an opportunity for a wider mechanization of work, contributes to an increase in labor and technological discipline, the need for the same type of equipment decreases, the quality of repairs and labor productivity increase. Thus, we choose the method of dead-end specialized posts.

2.5 Distribution of workers by positions of specialty, qualifications and jobs

Table 3 - Distribution by posts

Table 4 - Distribution of workers by specialties, qualifications and jobs

Worker No.	Number of performers	Specialty	Qualification	Serviced
				Clutch, gearbox, wheel drive, brake system
				Steering, front and rear suspension
				Tires and hubs
				Car diagnostics and adjustment.
		Locksmith-auto-electrician		Electrical equipment and power supply system.

2.6 Selection of technological equipment

This project provides for the organization of TO-1 at dead-end posts by specialized sections of workers, in the TO-1 zone, related maintenance work is performed.

Table 5-List of technological equipment

	Name of equipment		Overall dimensions dimensions, m

	Oil dispensing tank

	Air Dispenser
	Exhaust gas suction unit
	Wooden grate for feet		Not standard
	Brake parameter test kit
	Waste bin
	Chest for cleaning materials
	Locksmith workbench
	Post of electrician-system engineer
	Cabinet for devices and fixtures
	Tool box
	Battery transport trolley
	Firefighter shield and sand box
	Brake fluid tank
	Hydraulic mobile lift
	Compressor for tire inflation
	Transport trolley
	Inspection ditch
	Rotary rack
	Cathead
	Electric slot wrench
	Assembly table

2.7 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bTO-1 zone

The area of \u200b\u200bthe zone is determined by the formula:

Fto-1 \u003d fo * Kn + Xto-1 * fa,

where fа is the area of \u200b\u200bthe vehicle in the plan;

ХТО-1 - the number of universal posts;

Кn - coefficient of density of arrangement of posts taking into account the presence of passages and driveways;

fo - equipment area, sq. m .;

fа \u003d 1.65 * 4.33 \u003d 7.14 m 2; Xto-1 \u003d 2; Kn \u003d 4.5;

Fto-1 \u003d 11.159 * 5.0 + 2 * 7.14 \u003d 70.075 μV.

We assume the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone is 71 microvolts, namely, 9 m long and 8 m wide.

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

3.1 Organization of ATU

Before entering the territory of the ATP, the car passes through the checkpoint (checkpoint), where the duty mechanic examines it. Then, in the EO zone, the car is cleaned, washed and wiped, that is, prepared for use the next day. These works are performed at several successive sites - posts.

Figure 1 - Scheme of the TP of servicing cars in the ATP

A separate room is allocated for the ATP for maintenance-1. Several cars are served in the zone at the same time, they are usually placed one after the other. A large area is occupied by the zones of TO-2 and maintenance (TR), which are combined in one room. Cars stay in these zones for a relatively long time, and therefore they are positioned so that cars do not interfere with each other when entering and exiting, and it is convenient for workers to work.

The technical condition of cars is checked, as a rule, before they are sent to the zones of TO-1, TO-2 or current repair. These works are carried out at the diagnostic point. The car can be re-inspected after service and repair, and therefore diagnostic points are located near technical areas.

In the auxiliary production departments of the ATP, they control and repair parts and assemblies removed from cars. Some departments serve only the repair area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise, while others, in addition to repair work, carry out preventive work.

3.2 Organization of management of technical service ATP

The technical service of the ATP is designed to maintain the rolling stock in a technically sound condition throughout its entire service life, up to decommissioning. For this purpose, the technical service organizes all types of preventive work, routine repairs, preparation of cars and units for overhaul, storage of cars and a number of other functions.

At the same time, this service monitors the correct technical operation of vehicles on the line.

The organizational structure of management of the technical service is built on a linear principle, when each department has one immediate boss.

The ATP management structure is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Diagram of the ATP management structure.

The technical service is headed by the chief engineer of the ATP, who is subordinate to several functionally independent divisions. The number of such units depends on the capacity and purpose of the enterprise, as well as on the adopted organizational structure of management.

The leading role among all the technical divisions of the ATP belongs to the production department (workshops), to which all technical zones, sections and workshops with workers are subordinated. The department carries out operational management of all works through a shift technical dispatcher of production. At the enterprises of road transport, a centralized control system for the technical service has become widespread, which is the prototype of the automated control subsystem of the entire ATP as a whole. It provides for a clear separation of the administrative and operational functions of management personnel and the concentration of all operational work in the production control center (MCC).

The production control center consists of two groups: the operational planning group, which includes technical production dispatchers, and the information processing and analysis group, which has close operational communication with other departments of the ATU. The MCC provides for work based on the technological principle of the formation of production units. Moreover, each type of technical intervention is performed by a specialized team or section. The team and sites performing work of a homogeneous nature are combined into production complexes.

At the production control center, five independent complexes have been created: diagnostics, maintenance (including EO, TO-1, TO-2), maintenance and repair areas (workshops) and, finally, a production preparation complex. Each complex includes several brigades and sections. Thus, the production preparation complex includes a picking section (selection of working stock, spare parts) and an intermediate warehouse.

The functions of the technical control department (QCD) include checking the quality of work performed by the workers of the production department, as well as monitoring the technical condition of all vehicles, regardless of their location. Quality control department is administratively subordinate to either the chief engineer or the director of the enterprise. The latter is preferable, since it increases the authority of the quality control department and creates more favorable working conditions for its employees. An important stage in the organization of quality control department is the selection of personnel, in which the principle should operate: the superiority of the knowledge of the controller over the knowledge of the controlled. An employee of the Quality Control Department must know the technological process well, be able not only to detect product defects, but also to establish the cause of their occurrence, and also to participate in the development of measures to improve the quality of product output.

3.3 Organization of the workplace

The place where the work is carried out must be so adjusted that everything contributes to the most successful performance of the work. In particular:

The entire work environment should contribute to an increase in labor production and quality, tools should be at hand, convenient places should be allocated for them;

All working devices must be in good working order and in sufficient quantity; for materials, appropriate places should also be allocated in which these materials would not have to be searched;

The room must be consistent with the working conditions in terms of lighting, temperature, humidity.

Any production work must be prepared in advance, that is, supplied with all the necessary equipment for its smooth flow. Namely:

By the beginning of work, tools that are completely appropriate and completely serviceable should be prepared;

All materials and parts that will be needed for its implementation must be delivered to the place of work;

If drawings or designs are required, they must be ready and given to the worker;

Special devices should also be prepared and selected in accordance with the work to be started.

Some conventional ways of working can be fundamentally altered to produce the same results as usual, but in different, faster and easier ways. The initiative and ingenuity of individual workers can play here and in many cases have already played an outstanding and decisive role. The intensity of the work of each worker must be such that, in conditions of good preparation of everything necessary, work can be carried out without any interruptions, without weakening the pace. One of the main conditions for productive work is a clear division of labor and the organization of the workforce in accordance with qualifications and abilities. Thus, so that a highly qualified worker produces only highly qualified work corresponding to his specialty, and all the prepared work that does not require qualifications is performed by auxiliary workers. The work of the innovator, in addition to high achievements in terms of increasing labor productivity, that is, saving labor, must be accompanied by savings in materials. After all, any material is also the result of the productivity of someone's labor.

Using the equipment's full maximum capacity is mandatory.

4. Safety measures and measures for the protection of labor and the environment

Labor protection is understood as a system of legislative acts and the corresponding measures aimed at preserving the health and working capacity of workers. The system of organizational and technical measures and means providing the prevention of industrial injuries is called safety engineering.

Industrial sanitation provides for measures for the correct arrangement and maintenance of industrial enterprises and equipment (proper lighting, correct arrangement of equipment, etc.), the creation of the most healthy and favorable working conditions, preventing occupational diseases of workers. Labor Code is the main regulation on labor protection.

Industrial hygiene aims to create the most healthy and hygienic working conditions that prevent occupational diseases of workers.

4.1 Procedure for briefing

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4.5 Electrical safety precautions

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4.7 Calculation of ventilation

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Conclusion

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___________________

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INTRODUCTION

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{!LANG-facdffecb4524b60093448ae1cf4007a!}	{!LANG-3751492ecb38cfe8cf6ec89f8e69b6be!}	{!LANG-5fac618f0811e1f67d5853ae83477ce2!}	{!LANG-0ed2277599b1133fe46883571927b0cf!}	{!LANG-21a56cd7f28c2e3d5f377a29f19337a2!}	{!LANG-c8bfb93088d8c1a375f8c3e7140ea0da!}
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	{!LANG-87a2ee0f04717ce3183a6432127c1e5c!}	{!LANG-5e66d1093efb647f76f13802a529103a!}
	{!LANG-ee2ce0240541d37676fd9bfa21ca81c3!}	{!LANG-5b21db486b461d7f7ca8b79f4391f5d1!}
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	{!LANG-f14be429a5e4ace33498069352f42a89!}	{!LANG-d0b1bc98f6d152ec4d1e0c5c52a173ed!}			38 241
	{!LANG-1f48c169aae87567cdf15b993f95d0d4!}	{!LANG-15727f3f2b32722a31b985b3b0400757!}			35 628
	{!LANG-8711b8f8a30cd00ea904aee37d3efd7a!}	{!LANG-7563fea23ccb3a7969bee395236137ca!}			1 203 316
	{!LANG-5a4b9e94c1978f8fd46f47451cc8e5fb!}	{!LANG-396acf8da9c4ba0eec348ab24ef76cca!}			921 959
	{!LANG-aa816217b20f3cae51a705c2e723caed!}	{!LANG-589ae134e17f76232e49ec8deb639e98!}			112 227
	{!LANG-40f14bcf3c37af7387549fa4a9d7ac53!}	{!LANG-212d395c1f91d2787dc1f3989a1bcd94!}			1 073 325
	{!LANG-fd94b8d8fd2968188876944ffbd6a8ac!}	{!LANG-016a4785fa77d2820142da438643e56c!}			1 356 272
	{!LANG-1d95f3dd5335d6e4adc137f6178cf027!}	{!LANG-f092643a6f587c12615c97b07d5e397e!}			825 270
	{!LANG-bd74152c0ae7bd7eefa66bf85d9b7436!}	{!LANG-45b2a081ed9ccb073f64d74ec8c69362!}			1 010 242
	{!LANG-bd74152c0ae7bd7eefa66bf85d9b7436!}	{!LANG-0d398a7f51871ecaeba29856e35e3888!}			938 723
	{!LANG-bd74152c0ae7bd7eefa66bf85d9b7436!}	{!LANG-84ac5821225212223caf2a51e5df0ba3!}			870 794
	{!LANG-555779732812a213926a9f55d4941653!}	{!LANG-3380f2647d3fde6d3bd438cf1032f52b!}			1 313 778
	{!LANG-46044fa2f1448b38a59ea36fdd670c86!}	{!LANG-6633a3009e4c74ad03dd478fc645eb7e!}			177 172

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{!LANG-46044fa2f1448b38a59ea36fdd670c86!}	{!LANG-a6a0b325de4de0f2432d4283fe6cfee8!}	155 171
{!LANG-18a67a04db1d80e9cd041e29099d5729!}	{!LANG-11466c3d9148bdc0a1e72093f5587cd9!}	836 572
{!LANG-555779732812a213926a9f55d4941653!}	{!LANG-3f7facb214dfaad801ac92bf39dc02eb!}	372 343
{!LANG-8b85eba1cc0b28d4f38177102b2cb220!}	{!LANG-b82bce2d6b8ee92c30a432bf4ba0fc81!}	369 112
{!LANG-8b85eba1cc0b28d4f38177102b2cb220!}	{!LANG-7e40006d577975d48c143d4e686e79e2!}	341 332
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3.2 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe projected unit

3.3 Site planning

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

2. TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF ATP

2.1 Choice of source data

2.2 Calculation of the annual volume of work and the number of production workers

2.3 Technological calculation of production areas, areas and warehouses

2.4 Selection of equipment

3. BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Requirements for the master plan

4 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

4.2 Form of management LLP "Avtopark"

4.3 Enterprise management LLP "Autopark"

5. DESIGN OF TO-1 ZONE

5.1 Description of the TO-1 zone of Avtopark LLP and the proposed works

5.2 Organization of production in the TO-1 zone

5.3 Calculated part

5.4 Selection of equipment for TO-1 zone

6. CALCULATION AND DESIGN PART

6.1 Analysis of existing designs of solid blowers

6.2 Calculated part 53

7 . SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT

7.1 Safety precautions when performing basic work

7.2 Test methods for toxicity of gasoline engines

8. CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

8.1 Calculation of capital investments

8.2 Determination of income and profit

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

workshop maintenance car

INTRODUCTION

Technical operation as a subsystem of road transport should contribute to the implementation of the goals of road transport of the agro-industrial complex and have controllable indicators of the efficiency of the system, i.e., the road transport of the agro-industrial complex.

The following requirements are imposed on the vehicle maintenance and repair system:

· Ensuring the specified levels of operational reliability of the vehicle fleet with rational material and labor costs;

· Resource-saving and environmental orientation;

· Planning and regulatory nature, allowing to plan and organize maintenance and repairs at all levels;

· Obligation for all organizations and enterprises that own road transport, regardless of their departmental subordination;

· Concreteness, availability and suitability for leadership and decision-making by all links of the engineering and technical service of road transport;

· Stability of the basic principles and flexibility of specific standards, taking into account changes in operating conditions, design and reliability of vehicles, as well as the economic mechanism;

· Taking into account the variety of vehicle operating conditions.

Ensuring the required level of technical readiness of the rolling stock to perform transportation with the lowest labor and material costs is the main requirement of the production and technical base of road transport of the agro-industrial complex.

The practical value of the results of our work is confirmed by the presence of the act of implementation.

The theoretical value of our thesis is in the calculation and its detailed description.

Purpose of work: to create a project of a maintenance area for trucks.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set:

- to collect and analyze theoretical material about LLP "Avtopark";

- collect and analyze theoretical material on the issues of technological calculation of ATP;

- collect and analyze material about the organization and management of production, the principles and methods of enterprise management;

- create a project for the TO-1 zone;

- calculate the economic efficiency of the project.

The tasks set and the order of their solution determined the structure of the thesis.

To solve these problems and in accordance with the purpose of the work, the following methods were used:

Theoretical: analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory and educational literature on the research topic, systematization of the collected and analyzed data.

Practical: calculation, methods of mathematical statistics, experiment.

1 . TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF DESIGN JOB

1.1 Briefi characteristic of Avtopark LLP

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