How to check the crankshaft sensor? This issue is relevant for many motorists and requires attention to be studied.

A modern car cannot be imagined without a crankshaft position sensor. It is he who tells the computer where the crankshaft is now and which cylinder is currently working. There are a lot of malfunctions with which DPKV can be connected in one way or another on a VAZ 2114 car:

• instability of revolutions;
• lack of evidence for dashboard when trying to start the engine;
• deterioration in vehicle dynamics;
• mismatch of turns.

Considering all of the above malfunctions, it can be concluded that the DPKV VAZ 2114 is an integral part in the operation of the engine. Its stable performance makes the car ride smooth, soft and controlled. But this is exactly what every motorist wants, to have a reliable four-wheeled, fully subservient and serviceable horse. So that when light pressing on the gas pedal, he briskly carried out all the commands and picked up the required speed.

The on-board computer of a VAZ 2114 car displays only one accident associated with the DPKV - an error in the crankshaft position sensor " CHENG ENGINE»

Today there are several types of crankshaft position sensors. But they both have practically the same structure. There is a steel core on which the winding is wound. When a metal object is brought up and removed from the sensitive surface, an EMF is induced in the windings. But at the same time, a small constant voltage is applied to it, that is, a kind of permanent electromagnet is obtained. When the field is distorted, the EMF is distorted, which is recorded by the on-board computer.

Based on the principle of operation and the device of the crankshaft position sensor, you can list the following ways to check it:

• checking the crankshaft position sensor by measuring the resistance with a multimeter or a pointer tester;
• measure the output voltage with the device when the engine is running in the AC voltage measurement mode;
• the use of an oscilloscope.

Before starting to check the sensor, you should first make sure that the gap is correct and that there is no dirt on it. Especially metal dust and graphite greases. All this can replace a metal object that will become a source of interference. The gap should be no more than 1 mm and the sensor should be clean.

After having carried out a visual inspection of its condition and position in place, it is necessary to remove it. This is made even easier, because it is fixed with just one bolt in a special bracket, which in turn is part of the side cover of the engine of a VAZ 2114 car. Having taken the sensor out of the mount, carefully examine it at the object of external defects that could lead to its exit from building. After making sure of its external integrity, it is necessary to start diagnosing using additional devices.

Input impedance measurement

The most in a simple way is a check of the dpkv with a multimeter and consists in measuring the resistance of its winding. To do this, you need to have an appropriate device that is able to handle this. If there is no such device, then you will have to resort to radio amateurism. So, having switched your multimeter to resistance measurement mode, and set the limit switch to 2kΩ, securely install the instrument probes on the sensor contacts, while they should be clean.

To achieve this, it can be washed with alcohol or gasoline. Maybe this will be the cause of the malfunction. Having installed the probes on the contacts, we observe the readings of the device, which should fit into the range from 550 to 750 Ohms. If so, the sensor is more likely to be in good condition. But this can be asserted with a probability of 50%, because resistances can change during breakdowns and short circuits. And if the new one had 750 ohms, and when checked it turned out that it was 500 ohms, then this says that it is faulty. And he had an inter-turn short circuit.

This leads to a decrease in the level of the pulse that is detected by the controller. Therefore, to be sure of its 100% serviceability, it is necessary to refer to the passport data, which will indicate its exact resistance and inductance. Based on this, it is possible to check the inductance of the sensor winding. To do this, you need to switch your device to the inductance measurement mode, if, of course, there is one. Readings on a working sensor should be up to 400 mH with a resistance of 750 ohms. If, according to the passport, the sensor has a resistance of 500 Ohm, then, accordingly, its inductance will be 200 mH. If so, the sensor is good.

In addition, the condition of the sensor insulation should be checked. To do this, you must have a megohmmeter. Although the multimeter has a high resistance measurement mode, it is measured with low voltage and high error, the megohmmeter, on the other hand, gives a voltage of up to 500 V and it is a separate device. So, setting the measurement voltage on the device to 500 V and the measurement accuracy of 10% under normal conditions (20-22 0), we become one end of the probe on the sensor body, and the second on the contact. The resistance should not be less than 20 megohms.

AC voltage measurement

Checking the dpkv VAZ 2114 by measuring the variable component of the output signal is as follows. In order to measure the alternating voltage component, it is necessary to ensure the appearance and absence of metal at its sensitive surface with a frequency of at least 200 Hz. For this, an auxiliary motor with a disc and a slot or a projection can be used, depending on the type of sensor. And power the sensor winding with a constant voltage of 1 or 2 V. Then switch the multimeter to the voltage measurement mode to a limit of up to 2 V AC. Next, you need to take a capacitor with a capacity of at least 1 μF and connect it to one of the terminals of the crankshaft position sensor, and the other end to one probe. Put the second probe on the second contact of the coil and turn on our resulting stand. Voltage should appear on the readings of the device when the disk rotates, this indicates that it is serviceable. But, unfortunately, you will not see this voltage rating in the passport data. Because it depends on the selected capacity, the more you increase it, the closer the readings will be to the supply voltage.

This method is the most reliable and with its help you can be 100% sure of the current state of the sensor. To do this, you need to turn on the oscilloscope for a limit of 10 ms and an amplitude of 1 V / div. And try to start the engine with a starter. At the same time, on a well-charged battery, the engine should accelerate with the starter to 800 rpm, this will correspond to a frequency of 200 Hz and corresponding to a period of 5 ms / div. You should observe impulses, one period of which takes two cells.

One of the most important nodes modern car is DPKV - crankshaft position sensor, the signs of malfunction of which signal the driver about the need urgent repairs this unit. Such an immediate repair is really needed, as it will stop without it.

What is DPKV

Before figuring out how to determine the malfunction of the crankshaft sensor, also called the alarm indicator, you should decide on what it is and what it is intended for. This assembly enables the vehicle's fuel injection system to function synchronously. fuel injectors and.

Its device is quite simple: a nylon frame wrapped with copper wire is attached to a steel core. The wire is insulated with enamel, a compound resin acts as a sealant. During operation, the sensor sends signals to the ECU about operation and position crankshaft.

A malfunction of the crankshaft position sensor deprives the vehicle system of the ability to establish a number of important characteristics - the amount of injected fuel and the very fact of injection, the angle of rotation of the camshaft, the fact of ignition (gasoline engines) and others. That is why it is so important to know how to check the health of the crankshaft sensor if you do not want to get stuck somewhere on a deserted road due to a dead engine.

Expert opinion

Ruslan Konstantinov

Expert on automotive topics... Graduated from ISTU named after M.T. Kalashnikov with a degree in Operation of Transport and Technological Machines and Complexes. Experience professional repair cars for over 10 years.

The car's ECU receives a signal from the crankshaft position sensor, we figured it out. Thanks to this, the controller knows in what position the crankshaft is in relation to the upper dead center in the first and last cylinder, knows at what speed the shaft rotates (in short). This is very important, because by fixing this data, the control unit can coordinate various signals for stable engine operation (ignition timing, impulse for fuel injectors, fuel pump operation, etc.).
DPKV malfunctions are quite rare, often the sensor can last from the beginning of the car's operation to the end. The most common cause of a malfunction is mechanical damage; in most cases, car owners themselves are responsible for the breakdown during renovation works at engine compartment... If foreign objects get between the sensor and the crankshaft pulley, the DPKV will be 100% damaged. A breakdown of the sensor leads to the impossibility of starting the engine, since the ECU simply cannot control iCE operation, therefore, driving is not possible.
For owners domestic cars and not only is it desirable to have a working sensor in stock, it costs a penny, but its absence at the right time can become a real problem. Especially if it is out of order somewhere on the track.
Regarding the replacement, it is worth noting that before that it is better to make sure that the gap between the pulley and the sensor is not blocked by foreign objects, and also corresponds to the set values. In addition, dirt on the DPKV core can cause malfunctions.

Crankshaft sensor - signs of malfunction

The following symptoms of a malfunction of the crankshaft sensor that are most understandable to the driver can be distinguished:

• tangible detonation in the motor under dynamic load;
• rpm with signs of instability at idle;
• decrease in engine power, noticeable without instrument readings;
• a significant decrease in the dynamics of a car while driving is a clear symptom of a malfunction of the crankshaft position sensor, which, however, can signal any other problems with the engine;
• the speed rises or falls uncontrollably.

Also, evidence that the crankshaft position sensor is faulty is the banal inability to start the car engine. Thus, you don't need to be a super professional in matters of the device electronic circuits auto to detect signs of a malfunction of the crankshaft position sensor.

How to check the crankshaft position sensor

The performance of a given node can be analyzed in several ways. You just need to stock up on the necessary devices, remove the timing sensor from the engine, inspect it and proceed directly to checking. Note that during an external examination it is possible to establish certain damage to the terminal block, core or DPKV housing. Sometimes an elementary cleaning of the cores and contacts from contamination solves all problems. If there are no obvious defects in the unit, you should start checking the "hidden threats".

How to ring a crankshaft sensor with an ohmmeter
This, frankly, an elementary option makes it easy to solve the problem of how to check the crankshaft position sensor for serviceability. With an ohmmeter, you just need to measure the resistance of the DPKV winding. For most vehicles, its normal value ranges from 550 to 750 ohms.

Sensors, control systems, tracking circuits that execute and transmit electronic circuits ... Twenty years ago, these terms could not have been associated with the design of a car, today it is impossible even to imagine without them modern car... Whether we like it or not, we will have to put up with them, because some of the sensors in case of failure can simply blink a light bulb goodbye, and without some sensors the car will not budge. The latter includes the crankshaft position sensor, the simplest device, without which all electronics turns into a heap of rubbish.

In the photo - VAZ 2110 crankshaft sensor

What is a crankshaft sensor

It can be called differently - a top dead center sensor, a crankshaft position sensor, a synchronization sensor, but this is the only magnetized piece of iron in a nylon case that can immobilize a car. Its main task is to determine as accurately as possible the moment when the spark pulse is applied to the spark plug contacts. This sensor is the reference point for the operation of the ignition system and electronic system fuel injection control. An incredibly simple device - only a wire with lacquer insulation is wound on a magnetized core and all this is placed in a plastic case. Sometimes it is poured with a two-component resin, sometimes it is simply melted into plastic. This is a common inductance sensor, which works according to the simplest principle.

As soon as the task is to calculate the position of the crankshaft, then a synchronizing disk is attached to it, which can be combined with the clutch flywheel or with a pulley at the front end of the crankshaft. Since the core is magnetized, it reacts with an impulse to any movement at its surface of a metal object. The teeth of the crankshaft pulley became such objects. As the crankshaft rotates, a flywheel or pulley flashes teeth in front of the sensor, constantly generating electrical impulses. These pulses are fed to the electronic control unit and, based on their frequency, the unit calculates the moment of sparking. Only if the impulse were constant would it be impossible to find out the true position of the crankshaft. Therefore, it is necessary to remove one or more teeth so that the electronic control unit understands that the gap in the pulse stream is thus the position of the crankshaft when it is necessary to supply a spark to the spark plugs. For example, on the Gazelle and on the Volga, there would be 60 teeth on the crankshaft pulley, but two of them are cut out to inform the ECU about the top dead center on the first and fourth cylinders. In fact, the piston is at TDC when the peak of the twentieth tooth flies near the sensor, counting from the cut ones.

The pulses from the sensor are used not only by the ignition system, but also by some other systems. Depending on the model and brand of car, the sensor depends to a greater or lesser extent:

Crankshaft position sensors of this type, inductive, are installed on most cars - Renault Logan, VAZ 2110, 2111, 2112, Kalina, Opel Astra, Priora, Renault Sandero, Clio, Laguna 2, Hyundai Santa Fe. A Hall effect crankshaft position sensor is extremely rare. These sensors are most often found for position detection. camshaft, and the principle of their work is somewhat different.

Crankshaft sensor malfunction symptoms

The main difficulty in determining the malfunction of the injection engine control system is that the symptoms of failure of many sensors and systems can be almost identical. The same is observed with the crankshaft position sensor. Since it affects almost all major life support systems of the engine, then the signs can appear very blurry. In principle, there is nothing to break in the sensor, therefore only the cleanliness of the surface can affect its performance, and even then not too much. Well, the wiring in the most advanced cases may not have good contact. But we will check this. In the meantime, with these symptoms, unstable operation of the crankshaft position sensor is quite possible:

1. Unstable idle speed, rpm float on its own and cannot be adjusted. Although the electronic control unit itself may be to blame here, not to mention fuel pump, ramp and condition of injectors. Yes, and check the ignition will not hurt.
2. Loss of dynamics, failures when switching to mode high revs, dips during acceleration and even smooth acceleration.
3. Disgusting engine start, and the car may not want to start either cold or hot. Not to mention those cases when the engine, seemingly for no apparent reason, simply refuses to start. This means that the sensor has died completely and the engine management system does not understand that the crankshaft is cranking. For the ECU, the shaft just stands still.

No complications, the sensor can be easily checked on the diagnostic computer, or an error code will appear on the on-board computer, indicating that the sensor is to blame. On VAZ 2114, for example, on the last 2109, 2115 and other cars with this engine, the error code is 0335 or 0336. But this does not mean that the sensor has died. The wire could be trite. As far as it makes sense to engage in sensor diagnostics with their own hands, everyone will decide for himself, since the price of a new sensor for 2110 and all VAZ cars with injection engines is 155 rubles for 2016. Not so much money that you don't have that luxury in your garage in reserve.

Video: Crankshaft Position Sensor. Check

For the sake of sports interest, you can check the sensor yourself, although its work in science is checked using an oscilloscope. You will need a tester to check. You can check the resistance first - for most sensors it should be within 700 ohms. You can also check the sensor for elementary inductance. To do this, connect the tester's leads to the sensor wires, set the multimeter to 200 mV mode. In this case, the sensor must respond to the appearance of any metal object by changing the voltage.

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It is difficult to overestimate the value of the VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor for the engine. It is with its help that the engine speed is monitored. Stable operation is possible only under the condition of normal functioning of this device and control system. Many sensors send signals to the central unit, which processes the data and, using the actuators, regulates the moment of ignition and the supply of the mixture to the combustion chambers. But if a breakdown occurs, the engine will stop working in normal mode - the spark will disappear, fuel will not be supplied to the combustion chambers. And it will be impossible to start the engine either hot or cold.

The principle of operation of the crankshaft sensor

From the sensor installed opposite the crankshaft, a signal goes to electronic unit management. But there is one peculiarity - there are 58 teeth on the pulley. And there is a small gap - it is equal to the distance between the two teeth. It is with this gap that the sensor recognizes the position.

This looks like this:

1. When the crankshaft rotates, the sensor reads the number of teeth - exactly 58 pulses should be with an equal gap between adjacent ones.
2. All these data are transmitted via the wire of the VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor to the electronic control unit.
3. Then the sensor enters the gap without teeth on the pulley and the ECU monitors this condition.
4. With the help of a gap without teeth, the number of revolutions of the motor is read.
5. Due to the presence of teeth located at an equal distance from each other, the electronic microcontroller unit understands the position of the crankshaft.

If you need to replace the device, be sure to install the same as before. Otherwise, the motor may malfunction or it will not work at all.

How to identify a breakdown?

You only need a screwdriver and a multimeter to test the device's functionality.

The main symptoms of DPKV breakdown include:

1. Unstable engine idling, full stop.
2. Decreased power and traction.
3. The number of revolutions of the crankshaft is constantly jumping.
4. Detonation is possible - shots are heard in the intake and exhaust manifolds.
5. Engine start is problematic or impossible.
6. Engine tidy.

If there is one of the symptoms, then this directly indicates that it is necessary to replace the VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor.

How do I remove the device?

The sensor is located on the side of the generator drive, opposite the crankshaft pulley. You can find it by looking at the back of the engine, at the oil pump. Before removing the device, make marks - this will allow you to install the new one in the correct position. Therefore, the engine will not malfunction after repairs.

To dismantle, you need a key for 10. The order of work is as follows:

1. Disconnect the block with the wires that connected the device to the engine control system.
2. After making the marks, unscrew the nut from the sensor body.
3. Remove device for inspection or replacement.

But maybe the sensor is working fine, so you need to check it. Before removing the DPKV, measure the distance from its edge to the pulley - it should be in the range of 0.6-1.5 mm. If more than the maximum value, then adjust and try to start the motor.

Diagnostics with an ohmmeter

The very first thing that can be done is to measure the resistance of the sensor winding. According to the standards adopted by the manufacturer, a value of 550-750 ohms is normal. It is quite acceptable if it differs by 50-100 ohms from these values. But if the resistance is too large or absent (open circuit), be sure to replace the VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor. But breakdown happens extremely rarely - much more often dirt and dust accumulate on its active part, or the case is exposed to mechanical stress. Try to clean the device more often and not subject it to shock.

Replacement features

Now you know the VAZ-2110 crankshaft, and if it is broken, you need to replace it.

Pay attention to a few nuances that must be taken into account:

1. Try to purchase quality products that are recommended by the manufacturer.
2. Be sure to tag for easy device replacement.
3. The distance from the edge of the tooth to the working surface of the VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor must be within the acceptable range.
4. The tightening torque for threaded connections is 8-12 N * m.
5. Measure the resistance before installing a new sensor.

Timely cleaning of the active surface of the device will ensure it normal work for a long time. However, you cannot use harsh methods - use a soft rag or an old toothbrush (the most suitable tool for this job). The use of metal brushes or sandpaper is unacceptable. To better remove dirt from the surface, apply a small amount of WD-40 type. Then wipe the DPKV dry and try to start the engine.

AT injection enginesinstalled on the VAZ-2112, the general injection system is much easier to maintain and more economical in operation, in contrast to the carburetor counterpart. However, there is a minus - these are, from time to time, and fail, and this most often brings troubles to most car owners.

The video shows the process of replacing the crankshaft sensor, you can clearly see where the sensor itself is located:

In order to understand exactly where the crankshaft sensor is located, you need to know how it works. This device is designed to read the number of revolutions of the generator pulley teeth passing during movement near its core, which create special pulses, and then using this sensor are processed and transferred to the ECU (- approx.).

This is necessary to synchronize the phases of fuel injection and to supply a pulse to ignite the combustible mixture into the combustion chambers. In other words, based on the readings of this sensor, the engine control unit determines how much and in which cylinder the fuel mixture needs to be supplied.

Top view of the crankshaft sensor and drive pulleys.

Thus, it is not difficult to understand that this sensor is located only near the generator pulley and is fixed on a special bracket with a bolt. A block and a sufficiently long power wire are connected to the sensor.

Sensor Malfunction Symptoms

If the crankshaft sensor fails completely, then it will not work to start the engine, however, there are a number of reasons why you can establish its malfunction in advance:

• Decrease in engine power.
• Engine performance is unstable.
• Engine starting is difficult.

Checking the crankshaft sensor

In order to check the crankshaft sensor for operability, it is only necessary to measure the resistance of its windings. The data on the multimeter should be in the range of 550-570 ohms, and if they are, then the case may be in the corroded wiring.

Remember that this sensor is not repairable and only needs replacement.

Reasons for malfunction

One of them is the crankshaft sensor, after the failure of which the entire system as a whole will cease to function. There is no need to be disappointed in this case, because you can easily replace it with your own hands, and our article will help with this.

Despite the fact that this device is highly reliable, and its failure does not occur regularly, the malfunction will immediately make itself felt, since the engine simply will not start. And since this sensor has no moving parts, and its malfunctions are in no way related to mechanical damage, the main reason for the failure of the sensor is: adhering dirt, high humidity in engine compartmentthat has corroded the connections.

The procedure for replacing the crankshaft sensor on a 16-valve engine

If your car has at least one of the listed symptoms, you should remove this sensor as follows:

Buy a new sensor only after the old one has been tested for functionality.