Almost any vehicle includes a large number of all kinds of mechanisms and units. Therefore, when a malfunction touches even a small unit, all this promises serious problems for the entire machine. The throttle position sensor is one of such small and at the same time very significant units in the car. Consider its purpose, principle of operation and the main causes of malfunctions, as well as how to deal with them.

AT car engines internal combustionrunning on gasoline, the throttle valve is an integral part of the intake system. The main task of this mechanism is to regulate the amount of air entering the chambers. Thus, it ensures proportional mixing of air and fuel for maximum combustion results. Like many others, in cars kia brands Spectra, this unit is mounted between the air filter and the intake manifold. We can say that its action is akin to an air valve: in the open state, a pressure equal to atmospheric pressure is reached, and in the closed state it decreases to vacuum.

The sensor components include variable, fixed, and single-turn resistors with a total resistance of approximately 8 kΩ. The throttle position sensor has two extreme outputs, one of which receives the voltage supplied by the controller.

At the same time, the second output is powered to ground. The signal is sent to the controller through a resistor that transmits the actual position of the damper to this moment... Depending on the position, a signal is transmitted, the pulse of which varies between 0.7 - 4 V.

Types of TPS

As a rule, two types of DZ are distinguished: electrical and mechanical. The latter is usually used in inexpensive cars... It consists of the following components: idle speed controller, housing, sensor, throttle valve. As for the case, it is part of the cooling system. To provide crankcase ventilation and filtration of gasoline vapors, a system is provided, which is connected to the sensor by branch pipes. When the throttle valve is in the closed position, when the engine starts or warms up, the idle speed control provides the required speed crankshaft... IAC supplies air to the intake system past a closed damper.

Sensor throttle the electric type is more popular and is used in the latest generation vehicles. This type is the most productive and has an electronic control system, which achieves the most ideal torque value, power increases, and fuel consumption decreases. Unlike the mechanical one, there is no direct interaction between the gas pedal and the damper, and the idle speed is regulated by changing its position. In addition, the electronics are able to calculate the optimum torque themselves. This process is carried out thanks to the work of the control unit and input sensors. It is thanks to the sensors and the control unit that many processes are carried out, ultimately connected with the regulation of the air supply.

This module consists of a throttle valve, a spring mechanism, an electric motor, a reducer, a TPS and a housing. There is a practice of installing two throttle position sensors at the same time. This is due solely to precaution, since it allows, in the event of a malfunction of one, to switch work to another. In this case, a distinction is made between a contactless throttle position sensor and a sliding contact. The spring mechanism provides a return position for the damper in emergency operation.

Symptoms of malfunctions

Like any mechanism, TPS is prone to malfunctions. Checking its condition will determine the breakdown. When serious damage, you will need to replace it.

To begin with, you should pay attention to the number of revolutions made by the engine at idle speed. If their value jumps, then you should check the correct operation of the sensor. It may need to be replaced. Another point of malfunction - with a sharp drop of gas, the engine stalls. Or, during acceleration, the speed jumps, there is no response to pressing the gas pedal, the engine speed is within one and a half to three thousand. All this testifies to the need to check the operability of the TPS, and if necessary, either the whole assembly or its components should be replaced.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics for any car, as well as for Kia, is carried out in the same way. All that is required from the tools is a multimeter. Next, you need to start the car and see if the Check Engine is lit. If everything is in order, turn off the engine, find a mass under the hood and start the engine again. We start looking for a minus. We find the power supply wire. Check if current is flowing to the sensor. Then you need to make sure that the idle break is functioning properly. To do this, we connect one of the wires of our measuring device to the sensor connector, and change the position of the damper with the second. If everything is correct, then the value of the device will change. If the value has not changed, this indicates a malfunction of the variable resistor and may need to be replaced.

Well no

Modern cars are made up of a huge variety of components and assemblies. Working together, they form a single automated system - the car. All elements are very important, and therefore the failure of any will provoke significant difficulties. So small, but important element is the throttle position sensor (TPS). To understand how to find a defect in this part and how to fix it, we will tell you all this in detail in this article.

The throttle valve is an important part of the engine design; it is included in the intake system for gasoline engines... Its primary function is to regulate and control the amount of oxygen supplied to the combustion chamber. In simple terms, this element is necessary so that fuel and air can be mixed in correct proportions. On most of the vehicles, the TPS is located between inlet valve and a filtration part.

Throttle body

By its design, it looks more like a regular valve. If the valve is in the open position, then the pressure on the intake manifold is equal to atmospheric, and when it is closed, the pressure almost reaches full vacuum.

DPDZ consists of two 1-turn resistors, one operates on alternating current, and the other on constant current. Their total resistance amounts to approximately 8 kOhm. One terminal of the resistor is connected to ground, and the second is supplied with a slight voltage for a constant load. From the resistor, the pulse is then transmitted to the controller, a pulse according to the standard from 0.7 to 4 Volts. This reading will vary with the position of the damper. It is by this parameter that you can find out the exact position of the throttle valve.

Exploded view of the throttle position sensor

In total, there are 2 options for the sensor device, one with a mechanical drive, and the other with an electric drive. Mechanical modification can be found on inexpensive versions of cars. TPS is a separate unit, it consists of the following components:

1. Housing.
2. Idle speed regulator.
3. Sensor.
4. Damper.

The damper body is also connected to the vehicle's cooling system. In this part, additional branch pipes are also installed; they are necessary for the fuel vapor compression system, as well as for crankcase cooling.

Throttle valve

The idle speed controller with the throttle closed all the time maintains the crankshaft rotation period at the same level. This is done when the engine warms up, or when starting other vehicle equipment. The IAC consists of a step motor and a valve, together these two elements are able to fully adjust the intake air supply.

AT last years TPS with an electric drive are gaining popularity. The fact is that the specialists of this modification note that with such a sensor it is possible to achieve the greatest torque. This is achieved through the use of an electronic computer for control. If the car is equipped with such a modification, then the torque will remain constantly high at different speed ranges. It was also noted that in this case the fuel consumption is much lower, and the exhaust gases are considered less toxic.

What is the main difference from a mechanical prototype? It lies in the fact that in this variant there is no connection between the pedal and the throttle valve. Therefore, idle speed is also not controlled using the accelerator pedal.

But these are not all the differences, so we will tell you about the rest. The damper and accelerator do not interact directly, there is no mechanical connection between them. For this reason, the electronic control unit is able to independently influence the KM value. This can happen even when the owner does not interact with the gas pedal. All these transformations are due to the fact that the sensors are able to read everything they need, and the control device can competently function with the control unit.

In addition to the throttle position sensor, the car also has a gas pedal position sensor. That is, the electronic control unit is capable of converting pulses from sensors into the desired parameters, and only then control the position of the throttle valve.

It includes the following mechanisms:

• Reducer.
• The engine is electric.
• Housing.
• Recoil-spring design.
• Throttle position sensor.

In exceptional cases, 2 sensors can be built into the car at once. This does not give any special advantages when driving, but the advantage lies in the fact that if it breaks down, it can be easily replaced by another. In this case, it can be stated that if your machine has 2 sensors, then an increase in reliability is definitely guaranteed.

Modules are different types, they are divided into: contactless and sliding contact. The structure also provides for an emergency shutter displacement function, it is triggered at the time of the module failure. If this module breaks down, we recommend that you change it entirely at once. If you disassemble it and change some elements, then repairs may be necessary again soon.

Like any mechanism in a car, the throttle position sensor also has this feature and can break down during operation. No part lasts forever, so sooner or later it will break. To correctly detect a breakdown, you should know what signs you should pay attention to. We will now list the most basic symptoms:

Based on all of the above, we can safely say that all symptoms directly indicate engine malfunction. Therefore, it is worth remembering that if you notice a malfunction of the engine, then the first thing to do is to check the throttle position sensor. Below we will describe in detail how to check this sensor, we will consider it using the example of VAZ cars, their design is identical.

It is not very difficult to make an independent inspection of the sensor, and it is quite possible to do without the help of professionals. No special tools we do not need for this, only a multimeter - we think that this device is in every home. If you do not have a multimeter, then you can borrow it from your friends, they will definitely not refuse you. As a last resort, you can buy it. Most simple models cost 300-400 rubles.

A multimeter is all we need to check the throttle position sensor

Before directly conducting diagnostic work you need to inspect the dashboard, but before that turn on the ignition. If you notice that the "Check Engine" indicator is on, then you need to immediately open the hood and look for TPS.

"Check Engine" is on - it is worth checking the TPS

If you do not know where it is located, then look on the Internet, there you will find exact instructions for your car. It is better to go to the manufacturer's website or find the instruction manual for your car, because only in this case you will do everything right. The fact is that incorrect recommendations may be given on third-party resources, and then this may lead to a breakdown of the car. The DPDZ is located on the throttle pipe, which is located between the intake manifold and the air filter.

1 - receiver;
2 - throttle assembly;
3 - hose for air supply to the throttle valve;
4 — air filter;
5 - fuel pressure regulator;
6 - throttle valve drive cable;
7 - fuel rail;
8 - diagnostic fitting;
9 - adsorber check valve;
10 - adsorber

TPS location on the throttle assembly

It may be necessary to remove some parts that interfere with operation (for example, the air ducts of the air filter). We snap off the wires going to the TPS. There are usually 3 contacts from the sensor - ground, power, a signal to the control unit.

Turn on the ignition, then connect the positive terminal of the multimeter to the power contact, and the negative terminal to the ground contact. The multimeter should show a voltage value between 4 and 5 volts. There may be a slight variation, but the reading should not be less than 4 Volts with the damper open. When closed - within 0.35 - 0.7 V.

Next, turn off the ignition, switch the multimeter to resistance test mode, and close the throttle valve. Now we need to check the resistance between the signal and ground contacts. The resulting values \u200b\u200bshould be within 0.8-1.2 kΩ for a closed damper. Next, you should open the damper and repeat the resistance measurements - they should be within 2.3-2.7 kOhm.

If the values \u200b\u200bon the TPS do not coincide with the ones given (again, it is recommended to first of all check the values \u200b\u200bin the instructions for the car), then it is faulty.

You can also watch some useful videos about checking the throttle position sensor:

Next, it is worth testing the breaking of XX contacts. As a standard, they are located on the bottom of the sensor connectors on many cars. Connect one end of the multimeter to the contact, and with the second we will move the throttle valve. If the voltage changes when you crank the throttle, then everything is fine and the sensor is working correctly. If the readings do not change in any way, then try to swap the contacts of the measuring device. Constant value indicates a malfunction in the operation of the TPS, most likely the variable resistor failed. If you are a good specialist and understand radio engineering, you can replace the resistor yourself. This is far from being considered correct, so we advise you to replace the entire module.

Variable resistor

This resistor is considered an integral part of the module design. The resistance across the resistor changes at different positions of the damper, in this way its exact position is determined. In order to understand whether it works correctly, you need to connect the remaining wire to the multimeter. The ignition is switched on, and then the damper moves slowly. The voltage should gradually increase, remember that there should not be any sudden jumps. If you notice them, then most likely you have engine problems. To diagnose them, you will need engine diagnostics, they will be done to you at the nearest car service.

Such a procedure does not require any special knowledge and experience to perform, even a beginner can do this. In order to get to the sensor, the first step is to disconnect the corrugated tube, through which the air enters. It must be thoroughly rinsed; it is better to use a cloth soaked in isopropyl alcohol, as it removes dirt better.

Throttle positions

Exactly the same steps must be taken with the intake manifold. After this operation, you can already carry out a visual inspection. If deformation of the damper is noticeable, then you can not do without the help of a qualified specialist.

If you decide to replace or perform any other similar TPS actions, be sure to remove the negative terminal from the battery before this

If the damper has no mechanical defects, then you can safely go to its setting. To do this, using a wrench, unscrew the bolts to fix it. After that, you will hear a characteristic beat, this indicates that the position of the damper has completely reset. Then you need to adjust it with the fixing bolts until the clamping in the walls completely disappears. When you realize that this is the correct position, you can screw the mounting bolts back.

As you already understood, adjusting the throttle position is not such a difficult process, even a car enthusiast can handle it. Moreover, it will not take much time and effort from you, you will need a maximum of 15-20 minutes. But this already depends on dexterity and diligence, the masters manage to do this in a minute.

You can see more about this in a useful video:

Now you know what a throttle valve is, and what difficulties can arise with it when operating a car. If your TPS breaks down, then it is better to buy a new one, especially since it is not so expensive - only 500 rubles, maximum 1000 rubles. It is best to purchase in stores from manufacturers, it will be more reliable. We wish you success and that your car has to be repaired less often!

How to check the throttle position sensor (TPS)

The gasoline internal combustion engine is currently the most used in the automotive industry. Naturally, the technologies used to develop engines do not stand still. A breakthrough was the use of forced fuel injection systems. This technology has moved away from the traditional carburetor in favor of a more economical injector. This solution entailed the problem of synchronizing the opening of the throttle valve with the enrichment of the combustible mixture.

The solution was found in the use of a sensor that could fix the position of the damper and transmit data to the control unit or on-board computer... Actually, the topic of the article is devoted to this small device, its purpose and principle of operation. It is also suggested to consider the causes and symptoms of malfunction of the throttle position sensor.

The principle of operation of the throttle position sensor

The essence of the TPS operation can be formulated in one sentence - the sensor converts the value of the throttle position angle into an electrical signal, the strength of which changes depending on the degree of opening of the damper. The signal is sent to the electronic control unit, which in turn sets the necessary parameters to the fuel injection system controller. During normal operation of the sensor, the engine reaches the most optimal and economical operating mode.

There are two types of sensors produced:

The principle of operation of this device is built on the principle of a rheostat, variable resistor or potentiometer. The sensor is directly connected to the damper axis and during its circular movement the contacts also move. The contacts are located on tracks made of resistive material, the number of tracks is usually from 2 to 6, it all depends on the manufacturer. When the contacts move along tracks with high resistivity, the voltage indicator changes, which is already an adapted signal for the control system.

Advantages: structurally simple, quickly tested for breakage.

Disadvantages: the presence of constantly rubbing parts.

The operation of this device is based on the use of the Hall effect, in other words, there are no traditional contacts in this system (in fact, hence the name). An elliptical permanent magnet is located in place of the moving contacts of the sensor, and an integral Hall sensor is located in the housing, which reads changes in the magnetic field when the magnet moves, and converts the value of the readings into an electrical signal.

Advantages: no rubbing parts, programmability, increased working life.

Disadvantages: It is very difficult to determine the problem without the appropriate equipment.

The main types of faults TPS

Notably, the throttle position sensor is relatively simple. This statement leads to the following - the main reason for the malfunction of the throttle position sensor is the use of low-quality materials in its manufacture.

More specifically, the most common malfunctions should be considered depending on the design of the device:

Possible malfunctions of the contact throttle position sensor

• Loss (weakening) of contact between movable terminals and resistive tracks;
• Failure of the tracks themselves;
• Failure of the resistance (s) included in the sensor circuit.

Possible malfunctions of the proximity sensor of the throttle position

• Failure of the programmable integral Hall sensor.

Sensor malfunction diagnosis

If the DPDZ fails, this immediately affects the operation of the engine. The problem is that these interruptions can be perceived as a malfunction of other vehicle systems, for example, the ignition system. Car owners very often confuse sensor malfunction symptoms with other breakdowns and try to fix the wrong thing. It is also noteworthy that there are no clear signs of a malfunction. Checking the throttle position sensor is advisable with the proposed types of interruptions in engine operation:

• The engine stalls at idle;
• Increased idle speed;
• Dips in the dynamics of increasing engine speed when pressing the gas pedal;
• Increased fuel consumption;
• Problems when starting the engine;
• Pops in the exhaust manifold;
• Check Ingine indicator on the dashboard.

It is important! According to experts, the first signs of a malfunction that you should pay attention to is the "floating" of the engine speed at idle.

How to check the throttle position sensor, procedure:

1. Organize free access to TPS. To do this, you may have to remove the air filter and air duct pipes, it all depends on the car model;
2. Determine what type of sensor is installed (contact or non-contact);
3. Remove the electrical connector from the sensor connector, this reveals three contacts: ground, power and output voltage contact. Note! Further actions concern only contact sensors;
4. You will need a multimeter for testing. First you need to check the voltages between the supply and ground. Depending on the car model, it can be 12V or 5V;
5. The next step is to measure the voltage between the output pin and ground. When the damper is closed, the sensor voltage is about 0.7V, and at the maximum - about 5V. These indicators are standard and the run-up of values \u200b\u200bshould not be more than 0.5V. Then, with your hands, you need to smoothly change the position of the damper, while the tester readings should increase accordingly or vice versa. Thus, it is possible to identify areas where contact is absent or insufficient;
6. It is also advisable to measure the resistance. This must be done without connecting to the vehicle's electrical network. The measurement is made between the output contact and ground. When the damper is closed, the average resistance value is about 2.5 kOhm, and when the damper is open, 1 kOhm. In this case, the run-up of values \u200b\u200bshould be within 0.2 kOhm.

How to check and adjust the throttle position sensor

Attention! On some models 4 contacts are placed, an idle terminal is added.

Proximity Throttle Position Sensor is tested for special equipment... It is possible to independently check only the voltage and its dynamics when changing the position of the throttle valve, but these actions do not always help in accurately determining the breakdown of sensors of this type.

Replacement of DPDZ

It should be noted right away that the repair of the throttle position sensor is ineffective due to its low cost. On average, a contact sensor is designed for 50,000 km of vehicle mileage, contactless devices increase the operating time several times. In principle, all repair actions can be reduced to cleaning clogged contacts, it is advisable to rinse them with alcohol.

Replacing the throttle position sensor is the smartest solution. Moreover, this simple operation is available to any motorist with more or less straight arms. But there are some nuances that you should pay attention to:

• When replacing, attention should be paid to the integrity of the boot, if necessary, it will also need to be replaced;
• When aligning the hooks on the damper axis with the grooves of the moving part of the sensor, the body should be turned clockwise. After entering the slots, the sensor body is rotated counterclockwise until the bolt mounting holes align;
• All actions must be performed with the battery terminals removed, otherwise the control unit will remember the error, and the Check Ingine indicator will light up even with a new sensor. To reset the information, it is enough to de-energize the system for 15 - 20 minutes.

After installation, you may need additional adjustments, how to adjust the throttle position sensor, read below:

• With the fastening bolts loose, the sensor body should have some free play around its axis, if there is none, then the appropriate cuts should be made with a file;
• With the ignition on and a multimeter connected, rotate to achieve the optimal output voltage of 0.7V (with the damper fully closed);
• After that, the terminals from the battery are again reset for 15 -20 minutes;
• Then the ignition is switched on for 10 - 20 seconds without starting the engine. This is necessary to "remember" electronic unit new sensor parameters;
• To start the engine, you must completely turn off the ignition and only then turn it on again.

In conclusion, we can draw several conclusions:

• Do not purchase non-original sensors, cheap devices can distort readings when heated;
• A non-contact sensor, although it is more expensive, works more reliably and for a long time in comparison with a contact one.

If the actions related to the sensor did not give positive results, it is advisable to contact a professional auto electrician.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them

What is TPS? How to check TPS? You will get answers to these and many other questions in this article. Interesting? Then read on!

At the beginning, I propose to deal with the abbreviation. DPDZ stands for throttle position sensor. DPDZ is a potentiometer, the task of which is to promptly report the position of the throttle valve to the controller. The position of the throttle valve changes depending on the driver depressing the accelerator (gas) pedal.

How does the throttle position sensor work?

The principle of operation is based on a constantly changing voltage, which is monitored by the controller, this allows you to correctly dose the fuel flow and its amount. A faulty TPS distorts information or does not inform the controller at all about the position of the damper, as a result of which there are interruptions in the operation of the power unit, and fuel consumption also increases.

Where is the VAZ 2110 throttle position sensor?

DPDZ VAZ 2110 can be found in the engine compartment, it is located on the throttle pipe and is connected to the throttle by an axle.

Signs of a TPS malfunction:

1. Interruptions in engine operation.
2. The motor stalls in "neutral".
3. Idling is increased or "floating".
4. Deterioration of dynamics, jerks during acceleration.
5. The "Check Engine" light is on.

Reasons for failure of the throttle position sensor VAZ

As a rule, the cause of the malfunction is the lack of sputtering of the base at the beginning of the slider's stroke. Because of this, there is no linear rise in the output voltage.

Also sometimes the reason for the breakdown or interruptions in the operation of the TPS consists in a movable core, which simply failed. After damage to one of the tips, scuffs are formed on the backing, which leads to malfunctions of the remaining tips. As a result, contact between the slider and the resistive layer disappears.

Now, actually, how to check the throttle position sensor on the VAZ 2110

1. We turn on the ignition. Using a voltmeter, we check the voltage between the "minus" and the contact of the slider. Voltmeter readings should not exceed - 0.7 V.
2. Rotate the plastic sector, thereby opening the throttle fully. Next, we check the voltage again. You must have at least 4 V.
3. Next, turn off the ignition completely and pull out the connector and check the resistance between the contact of the slider and the output (any).
4. While gradually turning the sector, observe the voltmeter; its readings should change. The arrow should move slowly and smoothly, if you notice jerks, we conclude that it is faulty DPDZto be replaced.

How to choose a TPS for a VAZ 2110?

To the question which throttle position sensor to buy better there is no single answer, everyone chooses according to personal preferences. Sensors of the film-resistive type are very popular among motorists, this is due to the fact that these are exactly the ones installed by the manufacturer, so the majority "do not bother" and put what was "before". The cost of such throttle position sensors is relatively small, that in terms of reliability and service life, it also does not differ in long duration. I advise you to buy DPDZ of contactless type, its price is higher, but this is offset by stability and a long service life.

The throttle position sensor (TPS) serves to save fuel in vehicles equipped with the electronic control injection of an air-fuel mixture. The use of the device in modern motors can significantly increase the efficiency of the machine, as well as increase the efficiency of the power unit.

[Hide]

TPS characteristic

TPS can be characterized as follows:

• fixes the position of the damper and transmits data to the control unit or on-board computer;
• converts the throttle angle value into an electrical signal, the strength of which varies depending on the degree of throttle opening.

Where is the device located?

This device is located in the engine compartment of the car, right on the throttle line. The controller is connected to the axis of the node.

Location of TPS and IAC

TPS design

By design, this controller belongs to the class of resistive sensors, while:

1. A movable slider is installed inside the device, designed to move along a special arched plane. The latter must be combined with the damper.
2. When the driver presses the gas pedal, the damper assembly opens, and the collector element rotates along the surface of the resistive device. As a result, the resistance parameter changes on the potentiometer.
3. The controller mechanism, depending on the type, may include a magnetoresistive part. This type of sensors contains a sensitive element in the structure, on which a magnet is placed, it is connected to the controller shaft. In this case, there is no contact between it and the resistor.

What is the throttle position sensor responsible for?

When diagnosing a device, you should know what it is for and what the installed valve affects:

1. The controller is used to transmit information to the microprocessor module about the state of the access element at a specific time;
2. In fact, it is a combination of two resistors - constant and variable. The maximum resistance value of these devices is about 8 ohms. When the damper position is changed, this parameter also changes. If it is open, then the voltage on the signal part will be at least 4 volts. When the damper is open as much as possible, the indicator will be a maximum of 0.7 V.
3. The change in the voltage level is monitored by a microprocessor module, which regulates the volume of fuel. The fuel is used to form a fuel-air mixture. If the TPS is faulty and the control system does not work correctly, then the air volume will be more or less. This will cause wrong work the engine as a whole, in some cases its failure is possible.

User Ruslan K spoke in detail about what the TPS controller is used for and what it affects.

Technical specifications

Throttle Position Sensor Technical Parameters:

1. The voltage to supply the controller is supplied to two contacts of the device - the first and the second.
2. The parameter of the resistance that appears between these pins varies in the region of 1.8-2 kOhm.
3. The value of the fully open closed damper is between 0 and 2%.
4. The operating parameter of the voltage supplied to the second and third outputs when the damper is closed is from 0.25 to 0.65 volts.
5. The number of full TPS activation cycles is at least 1 million.
6. The operating parameter of the voltage supplied to the third and second contacts at full throttle ranges from 3.9 to 4.7 V.
7. For the calibration characteristic of the dependence of the voltage on the angle of rotation, linear properties are used. This value is measured in the range from 0 to 100 degrees. The voltage level is between 0.25 and 4.8 V. The slope parameter of this property will be about 48 mV.
8. The working area of \u200b\u200bthe sensor in the linear area varies from 10 to 90 degrees. The slope can be up to 39 mV.

The principle of operation of the TPS

The principle of operation of the TPS is as follows:

1. When the engine is idling, the throttle is completely locked, the air flow enters the cylinders of the power unit through a separate channel. The voltage level at the output of the device is no more than 0.5 volts. The sensor sends a signal to the microprocessor for fuel supply, which helps maintain the idle speed of the engine.
2. When you press the gas pedal, the controller slider moves along the film surface with resistive sputtering. In the electrical circuit to which the sensor is connected, the resistance level is reduced.
3. The microprocessor module detects the increase in the voltage parameter on the line. In accordance with the data obtained, the calculation and preparation of air and fuel volumes for the formation of a combustible mixture is carried out. After that, it is fed into the cylinders. The maximum allowable voltage with an open damper is approximately 4.5 volts.
4. When hard pressing on gas, the engine control unit detects a power surge. In accordance with this, a portion of the enriched combustible mixture is supplied to the internal combustion engine cylinders in order to improve the dynamic acceleration of the car.

The Starsauto channel spoke in detail about the principle of functioning of the regulator in a car.

Varieties

There are two types of TPS:

• contact;
• contactless.

Throttle position contact sensor

The operation of this type of device is based on the principle of a rheostat, potentiometer and variable resistor. The contact elements of the sensor are placed on special tracks, the number of which ranges from two to six. When they move, a voltage change occurs.

The main advantages of the contact type of devices:

• simplicity of design;
• the ability to quickly diagnose in case of failure.

The disadvantage is the presence of constantly rubbing elements that wear out quickly.

Proximity Throttle Position Sensor

Features of the functioning of the contactless throttle position sensor:

1. The work of this TPS is based on the use of the Hall effect. In other words, there are no traditional contacts in this system.
2. An elliptical permanent magnet is located in place of the moving contacts of the sensor, and an integral Hall sensor is located in the housing. It reads the changes in the magnetic field as the magnet moves and converts the reading into an electrical signal.

Advantages of contactless TPS:

• lack of rubbing elements;
• possibility of programming;
• long service life.

The disadvantages include the complexity of determining the breakdown. If the device malfunctions, they cannot be identified without special equipment.

The RukaJob channel spoke about self installation contactless type of devices on the example of a VAZ 2112 car.

How does the TPS differ from its mechanical counterparts?

The main difference between the TPS controller (TPS) is the absence of a mechanical connection between the damper itself and the gas pedal. The engine idle speed is not regulated by moving the DZ. As a result of the lack of communication, the electronic system can independently change the torque value of the power unit, even if the accelerator pedal is not pressed. These changes occur due to the operation of input controllers, actuators and microprocessor unit.

also in electronic system available:

• gas pedal position regulator;
• brake position switch;
• clutch switch.

Thus, the microprocessor module reacts to pulses from the controllers and converts the received signals into control actions for the throttle assembly.

How to recognize a broken throttle position sensor?

The need to repair or replace the controller may arise with the following symptoms:

1. The car's engine began to idle unstable. The turnover is sometimes arbitrarily reduced and increased. You do not need to step on the gas pedal for this.
2. The engine of the car randomly stalls, often this happens when the gearshift lever is switched from one position to another. Also, the engine may stall when driving in neutral or standing at a traffic light.
3. Fuel consumption increases.
4. Unstable behavior idle speed... It does not depend on the engine operating mode.
5. The power of the power unit decreases. This can be seen when driving uphill at higher speeds. If you downshift, the engine power will increase.
6. With a sharp acceleration or driving at a low speed, engine jerks may appear when the driver presses on the gas.
7. Arbitrary shutdown of the power unit of the machine when the gas pedal is released.
8. Uncharacteristic popping sounds are heard from the intake manifold. Sometimes they appear from time to time when the driver presses the gas pedal.
9. The appearance of the Check Engine indicator on the tidy. The light can be switched off at will or permanently lit.

Channel IZO))) LENTA talked about the symptoms of malfunctions in the throttle position controller.

Possible causes of TPS malfunction

Possible causes of TPS malfunctions:

1. Oxidation of contacts at the terminals of the device. The phenomenon is often caused by temperature extremes and exposure to moisture. To prevent such breakage, it is required to periodically clean the contacts with a cotton swab or a swab treated in WD-40.
2. Erasing the spray on the working surface, in particular, on the segment where the slider begins to move. This ensures that the voltage parameter during sensor operation does not change as a result of the absence of resistance.
3. Mechanical damage to the controller tips. With this problem, burrs will appear on the lining. The contact elements continue to work, but the substrate itself wears out much faster. This malfunction will cause the slider and the resistive layer to be unable to contact.
4. Failure of the slider. Normal wear and tear is characteristic of this sensor part after prolonged use.

Channel “Engine Repair! And interesting! " spoke in detail about the causes and symptoms of malfunctions in the controller.

Self-check of TPS operation

Before repairing and replacing the sensor, you must yourself check the plate and walls of the throttle valve. Since cleaning them can restore the functionality of the device, if soot is present, traces of contamination are removed. To do this, use a clean rag and carburetor cleaner.

Step-by-step instructions for checking the TPS using a multimeter

The instruction for a step-by-step check of the TPS using a multimeter looks like this:

1. First, you need to check for grounding and make sure the controller is connected to a voltage reference. Then you can proceed directly to checking the TPS.
2. The wired plug is disconnected from the controller. It is necessary to make a visual diagnosis of the block and terminal for damage or contamination.
3. A tester is taken, and the required mode is set on it, for example, 20 V. The key in the lock is scrolled to activate the ignition, while power unit no need to run.
4. The red tester probe connects to the positive terminal of the battery, and the black one connects to each of the three contact elements on the sensor plug. As a result, one of the contacts, when connected, will show a voltage of 12 volts (this is ground). It is necessary to remember the color of this conductor. If the contact element does not show a 12-volt voltage, this indicates a malfunction in the electrical circuit through which the regulator is connected. As a result of the lack of grounding, the controller will not be able to work effectively, therefore, the damaged wire must be identified and replaced.
5. The vehicle's ignition is switched off.
6. Then the black tester probe must be connected to the grounding contact on the TPS block.
7. The key in the lock is scrolled to activate the ignition. The car engine does not start.
8. The red contact of the multimeter must be connected to each remaining output on the block. On one of them, the voltage level should be about 5 volts. This contact element is used to transfer the reference voltage to the controller. The third output is signaling.
9. If the diagnostics showed that there is no 5-volt voltage on the contacts, this indicates a wiring defect. It is necessary to identify the damaged cable and replace it.

You will need two paper clips to make sure the controller is emitting the correct signal. They can be replaced by two pieces of wire.

For testing, you need to do the following:

1. The red output of the multimeter is connected to the signal pin of the controller. Black must be connected to the grounding cable.
2. The key scrolls in the lock, the ignition is activated.
3. Make sure that the throttle valve is fully closed.
4. The tester should show the parameters in the range from 0.2 to 1.5 volts. This point should be clarified in service book, because it all depends on the specific car model.
5. If the diagnostics showed 0 volts, you need to make sure that the correct tester mode was selected. Typically the measurement is in the 10–20 volt range. If the reading is still 0 volts, the diagnosis continues.
6. Then you must gradually open the damper completely. If there is an assistant, he can press the gas pedal.
7. When the shutter is open, the tester should read 5 volts. With a slow opening of the damper, the voltage reading should gradually increase. If at different positions there are jumps or freezing of the operating parameter, the controller does not function correctly, it needs to be replaced.
8. After completing the test, the ignition is turned off.

For VAZ cars, the controller's operation is diagnosed as follows:

1. The damper closes completely. The key is inserted into the lock, the ignition is activated.
2. The tester is used to diagnose the voltage value at the controller output. This parameter should be no higher than 0.7 volts. To pinpoint the output, you need to look at the connector. Two conductors from it go to ground and power, and the third goes to the output.
3. After that, the damper is opened, while the voltage value must be checked again. The resulting parameter should be at least 4 volts.
4. Then the voltage is measured when opening and closing the damper. When this device changes position, the working value should change smoothly, without jumps.

The AvtoTechLife channel talked about different ways to test the sensor's performance.

TPS adjustment

To correctly adjust and tune the controller to avoid errors, do the following:

1. Opens engine compartment machine, the corrugated hose is removed, which goes to the intake manifold. Before adjusting the device, it is necessary to visually inspect the condition of the damper. If there is contamination, the element must be cleaned with a cloth soaked in gasoline. It will be useful to clean the intake manifold.
2. Then it is necessary to loosen the stop screw of the throttle valve (this component opens to the end and releases). When this action is performed, you can hear the click of the impact on the stop.
3. The tension of the stop screw is adjusted (when performing this task, you must click the flap). If this element stops sticking and moves freely, the bolt must be secured with a nut.
4. The next step is to loosen the screws securing the regulator. A multimeter is taken, since without it it will not be possible to adjust the controller's operation. One output of the device must be connected to the contact component, the second must be connected between the damper and the stop screw.
5. Then the regulator body begins to scroll. This happens until the voltage value on the multimeter display changes with the opening of the damper.
6. Once the adjustment is complete, the fixing screws can be tightened.

The need to adjust the operation of the controller may arise after replacing the device with a new one.

User Dmitry Maznitsyn spoke in detail about the independent adjustment of the TPS with his own hands using the example of the Volkswagen Passat car.

Sensor calibration

If the device has been adjusted, it may require additional calibration before use.

This process includes the following steps:

1. From battery the terminals are disconnected. Using a wrench, the clamp on the negative terminal is loosened. After turning off the power in the on-board network, you must wait at least twenty minutes.
2. The terminal clamp is reinstalled. At this stage, you need to make sure that the damper is completely closed. If not, then you need to do it.
3. The key must be inserted into the switch, the ignition is switched on for about 15 seconds. The engine will not start. After that, the ignition can be turned off.
4. Now you should wait about twenty seconds. The control unit must remember information about technical parameters sensor.

Self-replacement of the throttle position sensor

To independently replace the TPS, you need to purchase a regulator corresponding to the model vehicle... To replace and install TPS does not require a pit or overpass.

Step-by-step instruction

Device replacement guide:

1. Actions are performed with the ignition off.
2. It is necessary to open the engine compartment of the machine and find the regulator.
3. Next, clean up the footprint around the controller (if required). This is done to prevent dirt from getting inside.
4. The block with cables is disconnected from the device. Unscrew the bolt securing the throttle position sensor. It should be checked visually for defects.
5. Before installing the new controller, the sensor seat is cleaned again.
6. When carrying out installation, it is important to correctly connect the end part of the damper axis with the mounting location of the regulator.
7. The sensor rotates in a circle. This is done to align the holes and secure the screws that secure the device. After tightening the bolts, a connector with cables is connected to the controller.

Photo gallery

Photo of replacement of the damper position regulator.

Disconnecting the power connector from the regulator Unscrewing the bolts that secure the controller Installation of a new seal before installing the DPDZ

How much does the throttle position sensor cost?

The cost of a new device depends on the manufacturer, as well as the car model:

Video

User Ivan Vasilievich spoke in detail about self-replacement regulator on the example of the car Lada.