Every motorist knows perfectly well what a throttle valve is and what place it occupies under the hood of a car. In the process of work, this part takes two positions - it can be closed or open. And so that the driver knows exactly what position the part is in at a particular moment, there is a special position sensor throttle... Let's try to understand the device, the causes of the malfunction and the methods of repairing the latter.

1 How and why does the throttle position sensor break down

To understand how the most popular non-contact position sensor works, we need to understand the design of the part. This element belongs to resistive devices. If we disassemble the sensor device, then inside we can find a movable slider that moves along a track in the form of a horseshoe or an arc. The device works due to the influence of magnetic waves that are created using air currents. It is because of this principle of operation that this part is called a non-contact sensor.

Let's proceed to an overview of the most common breakdowns of such an important element of the car. Malfunctions often occur due to wear of the resistive layer on the tracks along which the slider moves. Such breakdowns occur both in proximity sensors and in other types of parts. Often, wear occurs in the section of the track where the slider begins to move. This malfunction is clearly visible with a visual overview of the element.

Another type of throttle position sensors, powered by electric power, very often ceases to perform their functions due to frayed wires. In most cases, such parts operate on a voltage of 5V.

If the sensor is faulty, then when measuring the indicator, you will see that the part is powered by 0.3-0.5V. In this case, in the fully open position of the damper, the sensor will operate on a voltage of 3.2-4.7V.

Some vehicle models are equipped with sensors with inverse characteristics at the output. When the throttle is closed, such parts will show the maximum voltage. The more the damper is opened, the lower the power supply will be. Very often, drivers confuse this feature of the throttle position sensor with a breakdown. To be sure of the accuracy of your guesses, you need to study technical certificate vehicle, where the type of sensor is indicated. To check such auto models, the power supply must be determined not with one, but with two potentiometers at once. One device is designed to determine the direct inverse characteristic, and the second will show an inverse indicator at the output.

2 The first symptoms of a breakdown of the throttle position sensor

The fact that the throttle position sensor has broken can be determined by every car owner. To do this, you need to know about the main symptoms of part breakage. These include:

• the engine of the car is unstable or stalls at idle;
• when you press the accelerator pedal, the car arbitrarily overgasses, or, conversely, stalls;
• the car “falls through” in 1–3 gears.

The latter type of malfunction is very common when it is unsuccessful. Also, this problem is faced by drivers who replaced the original sensor with a low-quality analogue. Non-original parts are characterized by the fact that they are almost completely temperature dependent. This means that the more the throttle position sensor housing heats up, the more often the output power indicator of the element changes. For example, if the sensor shows an output voltage of the same value when the engine is not running, then as the motor heats up, this indicator will grow rapidly. At the same time, the ECU will not have time to respond to an increase in sensor voltage, which directly affects the operation of the car when shifting gears.

In order to eliminate the malfunction for a while, the driver just needs to turn off the ignition and then immediately restart the engine. In this case, the ECU will save the last indicator of the sensor power as with a closed throttle. When the driver starts the car again, the ECU will work more stably, without "failing" the car when switching gears. But do not forget that this is just a temporary help to the car. And as soon as you find a malfunction - immediately go to the nearest car service.

3 Repairing the throttle position sensor at home

Above, we figured out the most common causes of a breakdown of the throttle position sensor. Since most often the resistive layer wears out in the design of the part, the repair of this particular part of the device should be considered in more detail. Very often, drivers who have already encountered such a problem ask themselves about the methods of solving it. The answer is very simple - it is impossible to do this at home. The only way out is to replace the damper position sensor completely. To do this, remove the faulty device by unscrewing the fasteners and disconnecting it from the power supply and from the engine ECU. After that, we install a new sensor, connect it first to the ECU, and only then turn on the power. It is very important to install the new part in this order. No additional settings do not need to be produced.

Modern cars are made up of a huge variety of components and assemblies. Working together, they form a single automated system - the car. All elements are very important, and therefore the failure of any will provoke significant difficulties. So small, but important element is the throttle position sensor (TPS). To understand how to detect a defect in this part and how to fix it, we will tell you all this in detail in this article.

The throttle valve is an important part of the engine design; it is included in the intake system for gasoline engines... Its primary function is to regulate and control the amount of oxygen supplied to the combustion chamber. In simple terms, this element is necessary so that fuel and air can be mixed in correct proportions. On most of the vehicles, the TPS is located between inlet valve and a filtration part.

Throttle valve

By its structure, it looks more like a regular valve. If the valve is in the open position, then the pressure on the intake manifold is equal to atmospheric, and when it is closed, the pressure almost reaches full vacuum.

DPDZ consists of two 1-turn resistors, one operates on alternating current, and the other on constant current. Their total resistance in total reaches about 8 kOhm. One terminal of the resistor is connected to ground, and the second is supplied with a slight voltage for a constant load. From the resistor, the pulse is then transmitted to the controller, a pulse according to the standard from 0.7 to 4 Volts. This reading will vary depending on the position of the damper. It is by this parameter that you can find out the exact position of the throttle valve.

Exploded view of the throttle position sensor

In total, there are 2 variants of the sensor device, one with a mechanical drive and the other with an electric drive. Mechanical modification can be found on low-cost versions of cars. TPS is a separate unit, it consists of the following components:

1. Housing.
2. Regulator idle move.
3. Sensor.
4. Damper.

The damper body is also connected to the vehicle's cooling system. In this part, additional branch pipes are also installed, they are necessary for the fuel vapor compression system, as well as for crankcase cooling.

Throttle valve

The idle speed regulator with the throttle closed all the time maintains the crankshaft rotation period at the same level. This is done when the engine is warming up, or when other vehicle equipment is started. The IAC consists of a step motor and a valve, together these two elements are capable of fully adjusting the intake air supply.

IN last years TPS with an electric drive are gaining popularity. The fact is that the specialists of this modification note that with such a sensor it is possible to achieve the greatest torque. This is achieved through the use of an electronic computer for control. If the car has such a modification, then the torque will remain constantly high at different speed ranges. It was also noted that in this case the fuel consumption is much lower, and the exhaust gases are considered less toxic.

What is the main difference from a mechanical prototype? It lies in the fact that in this option there is no connection between the pedal and the throttle valve. Therefore, idle speed is also not controlled using the accelerator pedal.

But these are not all the differences, so we will tell you about the rest. The damper and accelerator do not interact directly, there is no mechanical connection between them. For this reason the electronic unit control is capable of independently influencing the value of KM. This can happen even when the owner does not interact with the gas pedal. All these transformations are due to the fact that the sensors are able to read everything they need, and the control device can function correctly with the control unit.

In addition to the throttle position sensor, the car also has a gas pedal position sensor. That is, the electronic control unit is able to convert pulses from sensors into the desired parameters, and only then control the position of the throttle valve.

It includes the following mechanisms:

• Reducer.
• The engine is electric.
• Housing.
• Recoil-spring design.
• Throttle position sensor.

In exceptional cases, 2 sensors can be built into the car at once. This does not give any special advantages when driving, but the advantage lies in the fact that if it breaks down, it can be easily replaced by another. In this case, it can be stated that if your machine has 2 sensors, then an increase in reliability is definitely guaranteed.

Modules are different types, they are divided into: contactless and sliding contact. The structure also provides for an emergency shutter displacement function, it is triggered at the time of the module failure. If this module breaks down, we recommend that you change it entirely at once. If you disassemble it and change some elements, then repairs may be needed again soon.

Like any mechanism in a car, the throttle position sensor also has this feature and can break down during operation. No part lasts forever, so sooner or later it will break. In order to correctly detect a breakdown, you should know what signs you should pay attention to. We will now list the most basic symptoms:

Based on all of the above, we can safely say that all symptoms directly indicate wrong job engine. Therefore, it is worth remembering that if you notice a malfunction of the engine, then the first thing to do is to check the throttle position sensor. Below we will describe in detail how to check this sensor, we will consider it using the example of VAZ cars, their design is identical.

It is not very difficult to make an independent inspection of the sensor, and it is quite possible to do without the help of professionals. No special tools we do not need for this, only a multimeter - we think that this device is in every home. If you do not have a multimeter, then you can borrow it from your friends, they will definitely not refuse you. As a last resort, you can buy it. Most simple models cost 300-400 rubles.

A multimeter is all we need to check the throttle position sensor

Before directly conducting diagnostic work you need to inspect the dashboard, but before that turn on the ignition. If you notice that the indicator “ Check Engine", Then you need to immediately open the hood and look for TPS.

"Check Engine" is on - it is worth checking the TPS

If you do not know where it is located, then search the Internet, there you will find exact instructions for your car. It is better to go to the manufacturer's website or find the instruction manual for your car, because only in this case you will do all the actions correctly. The fact is that incorrect recommendations may be given on third-party resources, and then this can lead to a breakdown of the car. The DPDZ is located on the throttle pipe, which is located between the intake manifold and air filter.

1 - receiver;
2 - throttle assembly;
3 - hose for air supply to the throttle valve;
4 - air filter;
5 - fuel pressure regulator;
6 - throttle valve drive cable;
7 - fuel rail;
8 - diagnostic fitting;
9 - adsorber check valve;
10 - adsorber

TPS location on the throttle assembly

It may be necessary to remove some parts that interfere with operation (for example, the air ducts of the air filter). We snap off the wires going to the TPS. There are usually 3 contacts from the sensor - ground, power, a signal to the control unit.

Turn on the ignition, then connect the positive terminal of the multimeter to the power contact, and the negative terminal to the ground contact. The multimeter should show a voltage value between 4 and 5 volts. Small variation is possible, but the reading should not be less than 4 Volts with the damper open. When closed - within 0.35 - 0.7 V.

Next, turn off the ignition, switch the multimeter to resistance test mode, and close the throttle valve. Now we need to check the resistance between the signal and ground pins. The resulting values \u200b\u200bshould be within 0.8-1.2 kΩ for a closed damper. Next, you should open the damper and repeat the resistance measurements - they should be within 2.3-2.7 kOhm.

If the values \u200b\u200bon the TPS do not coincide with those given (again, it is recommended to first of all check the values \u200b\u200bin the instructions for the car), then it is faulty.

You can also watch some useful videos about checking the throttle position sensor:

Next, it is worth testing the breaking of XX contacts. By standard, they are located on the bottom of the sensor connectors on many cars. Connect one end of the multimeter to the contact, and with the second we will move the throttle valve. If the voltage changes when you turn the throttle, then everything is fine, and the sensor is working correctly. If the readings do not change in any way, then try to swap the contacts of the measuring device. Constant value indicates a malfunction in the operation of the TPS, most likely the variable resistor failed. If you are a good specialist and understand radio engineering, you can replace the resistor yourself. This is far from being considered correct, so we advise you to replace the entire module.

Variable resistor

This resistor is considered an integral part of the module design. The resistance across the resistor changes at different positions of the damper, in this way its exact position is determined. In order to understand whether it works correctly, you need to connect the remaining wire to the multimeter. The ignition is switched on, and then the damper moves slowly. The voltage should gradually increase, remember that there should not be any sudden jumps. If you notice them, then most likely you have a problem with the engine. To diagnose them, you will need engine diagnostics, they will be done to you at the nearest car service.

Such a procedure does not require any special knowledge and experience to perform; even a beginner can do this. In order to get to the sensor, the first step is to disconnect the corrugated tube through which the air enters. It must be thoroughly rinsed, it is better to use a cloth soaked in isopropyl alcohol, as it removes dirt better.

Throttle positions

Exactly the same steps must be taken with the intake manifold. After this operation, you can already carry out a visual inspection. If deformation of the damper is noticeable, then you cannot do without the help of a qualified specialist.

If you decide to replace or perform any other similar TPS actions, be sure to remove the negative terminal from the battery before this

If the damper has no mechanical defects, then you can safely go to its setting. To do this, using a wrench, unscrew the bolts to fix it. After that, you will hear a characteristic beat, this indicates that the position of the damper has completely reset. Then you need to adjust it with the fixing bolts until the clamping in the walls completely disappears. When you realize that this is the correct position, you can screw the mounting bolts back in.

As you already understood, adjusting the throttle position is not such a difficult process, even a car enthusiast can handle it. Moreover, it will not take much time and effort from you, you will need a maximum of 15-20 minutes. But this already depends on dexterity and diligence, the masters manage to do this in a minute.

You can see more about this in a useful video:

Now you know what a throttle valve is, and also what difficulties can arise with it when operating a car. If your TPS breaks down, then it is better to buy a new one, especially since it is not so expensive - only 500 rubles, maximum 1000 rubles. It is best to purchase in stores from manufacturers, it will be more reliable. We wish you success and that your car has to be repaired less often!

How to check the throttle position sensor (TPS)

It will be about how to diagnose the throttle position sensor (DPDZ) VAZ 2110.

A device such as a throttle position sensor VAZ 2110 is a potentiometer that transmits information about the position of the remote sensing to the controller. The position of the damper depends on pressing the gas pedal. There is a constantly changing voltage at the output of the throttle position sensor, which is monitored by the controller and, according to the received data, determines the fuel dose. If the TPS is faulty, the controller will receive distorted information. This will lead to excessive fuel consumption and engine interruptions.

TPS is located in engine compartment directly on the throttle pipe. It connects to the DZ axis.

What is a throttle position sensor. How to check the DPDZ VAZ 2110?

Sensor malfunction indicators:

• Idling starts to float;
• During acceleration, jerks occur, dynamics deteriorate;
• The engine suddenly stops at medium speed;
• Blinking of the signal light.

Causes of malfunction DPDZ VAZ 2110

The most common cause of breakage is a decrease in the thickness of the base spray layer where the slider begins to travel. In this regard, it becomes impossible to linearly increase the resulting voltage of the output signal.

Also check out

Also, a malfunction of the movable core leads to a breakdown of the TPS. If one of the nibs is damaged, multiple galls will appear on the liner, causing the remaining nibs to fail. This results in a loss of contact between the slider and the rubber layer.

Checking the position sensor DZ VAZ 2110 at home

What is a throttle position sensor. How to check the DPDZ VAZ 2110?

1. Switch on the ignition, measure the voltage between "-" and the slider contact with a voltmeter. Readings should not exceed 0.7 V.
2. The plastic sector should be turned to open the flap completely. Then measure the voltage again. It must be greater than 4 V.
3. Turn on the ignition to full, pull out the connector. Now you need to measure the resistance arising between the contact of the slider and any of the leads.
4. Slowly rotating the sector, track the voltmeter readings. The movement of the arrow should be smooth. If it starts to jump, the TPS is faulty.

How to choose TPS

The most popular among motorists are film-resistive DPDZs. Their cost is low, but at the same time they cannot boast of durability.

Release injection engines contributed to the emergence of various electronic devices. Including sensors that collect information regarding the performance of a particular system.

Thus, the control is taken over by the electronic unit, which monitors the performance of all engine systems using these sensors. The failure of even an insignificant part leads to undesirable consequences in the operation of the entire vehicle. One of these parts is the throttle position sensor.

DPDZ - what is it

The throttle position sensor signals to the controller what position the throttle valve is in when the accelerator pedal is depressed.

This device allows the controller to more accurately dose and deliver fuel mixture... If the sensor fails, the information is transmitted to the controller in a distorted form. This can cause engine malfunctions and lead to excessive fuel consumption.

The controller registers the location of the throttle valve by changing the voltage. The 0.7 V signal forces the controller to go to idle mode. If the voltage is less than 0.7 V, this indicates that the damper is fully closed. And if the voltage is about 4 V or more, then the damper is fully open.

Where is he located

In order to be able to check the TPS, if necessary, you need to know where it is. Its location is on the throttle body and is connected to its shaft. There is a special groove on the axle, for which a cross-shaped socket is provided on the sensor.

The sensor body is bolted to the throttle body. The sensor is installed on vehicles with injection engines.

Symptoms of TPS malfunction

Any detail sooner or later fails, as evidenced by the characteristic signs. TPS is no exception.

Typical signs of a malfunctioning throttle position sensor include:

• the engine is idling at increased speed;
• clearly observed high consumption fuel;
• the engine stalls in neutral;
• the car jerks when accelerating;
• sometimes the Check Engine indicator can light up and stay on for a long time;
• engine is difficult to start.

All these signs indicate that the TPS is defective, and, therefore, an immediate replacement of the part is required.

Video - some signs of a malfunction of the throttle position sensor:

How to check

If some signs of a TPS malfunction were found, but it is finally unclear what they indicate, then you can independently check its performance.

Usually, in the event of a TPS fault, dashboard the Check Engine light comes on. Therefore, first you need to start the engine and if the indicator does not light up, you need to climb under the hood to the sensor itself.

It is not necessary to remove it to check its performance, everything can be done on the spot. To do this, you need to connect two wires of the multimeter to the terminals B and C of the sensor. The corresponding marking is available.

After that, you can start smoothly, slowly turning the throttle valve using the drive sector. With a working sensor, the readings of the device should also change smoothly without sudden jumps. Typically 2 to 8 kΩ. Resistance measurement should be carried out with the engine off.

Video - TPS check:

The voltage should now be measured. To do this, first, the minus of the multimeter is connected to the engine ground. After that, you need to start the engine and connect the positive contact of the device to terminal A of the sensor, also focusing on the marking. The voltage is measured, which should be in the 5 V limit. If the readings of the device are different (less than 5 V), then this indicates a malfunction of the power circuit or the unit itself electronic control engine.

If during the check all the readings of the device were normal, then there is nothing to worry about. Otherwise, the TPS is in urgent need of replacement.

Replacement

If the check showed that the TPS is faulty, then you need to replace it. This does not require many tools, all that is required is skillful hands and a Phillips screwdriver.

The sensor should be replaced by turning off the engine and disconnecting the minus from the battery. Then you need to disconnect the sensor connector, which has a latch. Then unscrew the two screws that secure the sensor to the throttle assembly. After this manipulation, the sensor is calmly removed from the throttle axis.

Video - replacing the throttle position sensor on the VAZ2110, 2114, 2115:

Installing a new device should be done upside-down. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the throttle itself is closed. Usually, when a new TPS is bought, an O-ring is included in its package. It is installed between the sensor and the throttle tube. Remember to remove the old ring before installing the new sensor.

Once in place, tighten with the retaining screws until the O-ring is fully compressed. Now all that remains is to connect the connector and fix it with the latch.

Then disconnect for 5 minutes. This is done to reset the old sensor parameters in the ECU, which in most cases are retained.

Adjustment

In some cases, it becomes necessary to adjust the throttle position sensor. This procedure can be an alternative to replacing it. And it should be carried out with obvious signs of a malfunction. They were mentioned above.

Video - adjusting the throttle position sensor on the VW Passat:

You will also need a multimeter with wires for adjustment. It is not necessary to do everything that is called "by eye", since the electronic control unit will receive incorrect data. Accordingly, he will incorrectly dose the air-fuel mixture with all the ensuing troubles.

The mounting holes of the sensor must be slightly widened before adjustment. This is done so that the sensor can be rotated around its axis.

An important point: before each time you remove the TPS or disconnect its connector, you must turn off the ignition, and turn it on before each measurement.

The sensor connector can be removed, or you can expose a small section of the connector wires hidden under the casing. Only these two wires are of interest, usually blue (plus) and black (ground). They will be needed to measure the voltage during the adjustment process. If the connector is removed, then you need to connect the wires of the multimeter to the corresponding contacts on the sensor.

After connecting the wires to the sensor contacts (they must be well fixed), install it in place. Do not tighten the fastening screws completely: so that the sensor does not dangle, but it can be turned. Now you need to carefully rotate the sensor counterclockwise or clockwise until the following readings are established on the device: 0.55-0.56 V. If necessary, the mounting holes must be expanded to increase the angle of rotation.

When establishing the required value, the TPS should be securely fixed. Then carry out a control voltage measurement. If necessary, insulate previously opened wire sections.

Almost any vehicle includes a large number of all kinds of mechanisms and assemblies. Therefore, when a malfunction touches even a small unit, all this promises serious problems for the entire machine. The throttle position sensor is one of such small and at the same time very significant units in the car. Consider its purpose, principle of operation and the main causes of malfunctions, as well as how to deal with them.

IN car engines internal combustionrunning on gasoline, the throttle valve is an integral part of the intake system. The main task of this mechanism is to regulate the amount of air entering the chambers. Thus, it ensures proportional mixing of air with fuel for maximum combustion results. Like many others, in cars kia brands Spectra, this unit is mounted in the area between the air filter and the intake manifold. We can say that its action is akin to an air valve: in the open state, the pressure is equal to atmospheric, and in the closed state it decreases to vacuum.

The transmitter components include variable, fixed, and single-turn resistors with a total resistance of approximately 8 kΩ. The throttle position sensor has two extreme terminals, one of which receives the voltage supplied by the controller.

In this case, the second output is powered to ground. The signal is sent to the controller through a resistor, which transmits the actual position of the damper to this moment... Depending on the position, a signal is transmitted, the pulse of which varies between 0.7 - 4 V.

Types of TPS

As a rule, two types of DZ are distinguished: electrical and mechanical. The latter is usually used in inexpensive cars... It consists of the following components: idle speed control, housing, sensor, throttle valve. As for the case, it is part of the cooling system. To provide crankcase ventilation and filtration of gasoline vapors, a system is provided, which is connected to the sensor by branch pipes. When the throttle valve is in the closed position, when the engine is starting or when the engine is warming up, the idle speed control provides the required speed crankshaft... The IAC supplies air to the intake system past the closed damper.

The electric type throttle sensor is more popular and is used in the latest generation vehicles. This species is the most productive and has electronic system control, which achieves the most ideal torque value, power increases, and fuel consumption decreases. Unlike the mechanical one, there is no direct interaction between the gas pedal and the damper, and the idle speed is regulated by changing its position. In addition, the electronics itself is able to calculate the optimum torque value. This process is carried out thanks to the operation of the control unit and input sensors. It is thanks to the sensors and the control unit that many processes are carried out, ultimately connected with the regulation of the air supply.

This module consists of a throttle valve, a spring mechanism, an electric motor, a reducer, a TPS and a housing. There is a practice of installing two throttle position sensors at the same time. This is due solely to precaution, since it allows, in the event of a malfunction of one, to switch work to the other. In this case, a distinction is made between a proximity sensor and a sliding contact. The spring mechanism provides a return position for the damper in emergency operation.

Symptoms of malfunctions

Like any mechanism, TPS is prone to malfunctions. Checking its condition will determine the breakdown. When serious damage, you will need to replace it.

To begin with, you should pay attention to the number of revolutions made by the engine at idle speed. If their value jumps, then you should check the correct operation of the sensor. It may need to be replaced. Another point of malfunction - with a sharp drop in gas, the engine stalls. Or, during acceleration, the speed jumps, there is no response to pressing the gas pedal, the engine speed is within one and a half to three thousand. All this testifies to the need to check the operability of the TPS, and if necessary, either the whole assembly or its components should be replaced.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics for any car, as well as for Kia, is carried out in the same way. All that is required from the tools is a multimeter. Next, you need to start the car and see if the Check Engine is lit. If everything is in order, turn off the engine, find a mass under the hood and start the engine again. We start looking for a minus. We find the supply wire. Check if current is flowing to the sensor. Then you need to make sure that the idle release is functioning properly. To do this, we connect one of the wires of our measuring device to the sensor connector, and change the position of the damper with the second. If everything is in order, then the value of the device will change. If the value has not changed, this indicates a malfunction of the variable resistor and may need to be replaced.

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