Parking is often difficult for drivers. Therefore, cars with an automatic self-parking system have become relevant. How does this system work?

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Concept

Parking is leaving the car in a place permitted for this. Correct parking maneuvers are performed by the driver independently.

But now there are vehicles in which an automatic parking system is installed. That is, all maneuvers for the driver are performed by a special program.

You can park:

• in places specially designated for this, marked with the appropriate sign;
• at the edge of the road, that is, parallel to the carriageway or with a drive onto the sidewalk, if there is a special road sign;
• on the sidelines.

The difference between a parking lot and a parking space is that it is part of the road. You cannot park on the lawn and on the green zone, in places for the disabled, if there is no special sign on the vehicle.

Legislation

1. The main law that regulates the movement of all vehicles is this.
2. Responsibility for wrong parking imposed as a fine, according to.
3. It is necessary to leave the vehicle in specially designated places in accordance with.

Video: details

Intelligent automatic parking system

The history of the emergence of such a system is not so distant. The intelligent car parking system is one of the components of the security system.

Its main feature is that the car is parked independently, but with the participation of the driver.

This system can be used both for parallel and perpendicular parking. But, as practice shows, it is the parking parallel to the roadway that causes the difficulty for drivers, when the driver does not keep the distance between the cars. Therefore, drivers often use the automatic program if the car needs to be left that way.

Which vehicles have this system installed? Depending on the brand of the vehicle, this system has different names.

• volkswagen calls this system Park Assist, PAV;
• from Lexus or Toyota - IPAS;
• opel has Advanced Park Assist;
• for Ford or Mercedes-Benz - APA;
• bMW has RPA System.

Components

The self-parking system is a rather complex mechanism, main principle whose work helps in the correct location of the car in the parking area.

The main component is the ultrasonic sensors, which are the main assistants. Then there are switches, electronic control unit and other components.

But do not forget that the vehicle itself is also one of the components of the parking system. That is, without a certain equipment of the car, this system will not work.

So, the car should have:

• power steering;
• on-board computer;
• automatic transmission.

The system is activated by the driver himself by pressing a specific button on the control panel.

Looking for a place

The system itself searches for a suitable parking space. For this, ultrasonic sensors are used. The system selects the ideal location based on vehicle location and steering angle.

The control unit processes the signals that come from the sensors.

As soon as the seats are found, the system will give the driver the appropriate signal and display on-board computer all requied information.

Parking process

The process itself can be divided into 2 types:

• parking with the participation of the driver;
• parking without his participation.

In the first option, prompts will be displayed on the on-board computer screen - visual and voice. With the help of these prompts, the driver can easily put the car in the place selected by the system.

If the driver decides that the system will work without him, then the car will be parked forcibly and automatically.

The steering wheel will turn automatically behind the driver. The driver may need to change gear as needed. But the system will tell you at what point it will need to be done.

Difference of systems

Progress does not stand still, and now it is already possible not only to automatically park a car, but also autonomously. The main difference of the latter system is that it can park the car even when the driver is outside.

The automatic system requires the presence of the driver behind the wheel, as he may need to shift the gear lever.

An autonomous system can do it on its own.

To date, only a few companies have developed and implemented autonomous parking systems - Volkswagen and Bosch, as well as BMW and Continental. The joint work of these companies is already used in new models of cars from Volkswagen and BMW.

This system consists of almost the same components as an automatic self-parking system.

• electronic control unit;
• input devices;
• command execution device;
• laser and ultrasonic sensors.

The presence of a remote control is mandatory. In this case, it is not necessary to be near the car, but the connection between the vehicle and the remote control must be stable.

Principle of operation

How to use the system? To start autonomous parking of the vehicle, you must press the corresponding button on the remote control.

But, this is no longer a keychain as it was before. Now it is a smart watch or a special application on the driver's smartphone.

It is installed independently or when buying a car in the showroom. This is how the system works.

With the help of a watch or an app, the car can park itself.

In addition, it can also independently move to the place of embarkation and disembarkation of a passenger or driver.

The system is designed in such a way that the computer independently decides what optimal speed to choose for a maneuver, whether it is necessary to accelerate or slow down the car, at what angle to put the wheels or whether it is necessary to shift the gear lever.

During this time, the driver and passengers can go about their business. During the "survey" of the territory with ultrasonic sensors, the system transmits all the necessary data to the control unit. Then the same data goes to the control systems of the car - the engine, steering wheel, gearbox and so on.

Pros and cons

Automatic and autonomous parking systems have their own advantages and disadvantages.

The benefits include:

• significant savings in time and space;
  

  The system will help the driver to park his car in a matter of minutes. In addition, the system can place the car in such a space where there will be no more than 20 cm.

• there is the possibility of remote control of the car;
  

  The car can independently reach the place of embarkation - disembarkation of passengers from the parking lot.

• the system is activated by pressing a button;
• the system can work both with the participation of the driver, and completely independently;
• the system will not make an intentionally dangerous parking decision.

But do not forget that the system has a number of disadvantages.

These include:

• high cost;
  

  Cars equipped with an automatic or autonomous self-parking system are quite expensive. Sometimes, their price exceeds several million rubles.

• the need for an original card or chip to be sewn into the control unit, and if a smartphone is used as a control panel, then a special application must be downloaded;
  

  Among all the problems that a driver has to face in the city, one of the most difficult is parking. Putting a car in a confined space is not easy, it always causes stress and sometimes leads to financial costs. Parktronics and automatic parking systems come to the rescue, which will be discussed in this article.

  What is a parking system

  The parking system is an auxiliary vehicle system that assists the driver in parking and maneuvering the vehicle in tight spaces or in restricted visibility conditions. Today, parking systems are more often offered as options, and only in cars of the above average class are they standard.

  There are two large classes of parking systems:

  Passive parking systems, or parking sensors - systems that provide information about the situation around the car, but do not interfere with the driver's actions; parking is done manually based on information received from visual and sound indication means;
  - Active parking systems (automatic parking systems) - systems that perform actions to park the car in automatic mode, without the participation of the driver (although the driver can intervene in the parking process at any time, in this case the system is disabled).

  Passive parking systems (parking sensors) are the simplest and most affordable, they can be installed on any car with minimal costs. But the parking sensors provide only the information necessary for parking, and maneuvering is done by the driver.

  Active parking systems are more sophisticated and, accordingly, expensive. The automatic parking system can find a parking space itself, make all the maneuvers, park the car, and then leave the parking space, all without the participation of the driver. If necessary, this system can work as a passive one.

  Evolution of parking systems: from parking sensors with beeper to automatic parking systems

  Parking and maneuvering in confined spaces is challenging for both a beginner and experienced driver... The main problem of parking is the inability to see the extreme points of the car from the driver's seat and estimate how far away the obstacles are. This problem became most acute twenty years ago, when there were more and more cars and fewer and fewer parking spaces.

  

  The first practical solution to the problem was presented in 1995, when Mercedes-Bens introduced a system called Parktronic. It was a system of several ultrasonic sensors and a beeper indicator (buzzer). Such a system worked very simply: sensors measured the distance to obstacles, and the beeper, by changing the frequency of the sound signal, warned when to stop.

  This system proved to be its best, although it lacked a good and convenient signaling about the approach to an obstacle. Therefore, parktronics with visual LED indication appeared very soon. At first, this indication consisted of three LEDs, the color of which indicated the approximate distance to the obstacle: green - you can move, yellow or orange - danger is close, red - you need to stop.

  As practice has shown, parking sensors with ultrasonic sensors and visual indication are simple, convenient and reliable, and therefore they are widely used today. Although for last years they have been improved to be more sensitive and comfortable. As for the indication, it has also become more informative - even in simple parking sensors, the indicators show the distance to obstacles to the right and left of the car, in many parking sensors, the display shows everything that happens around the perimeter of the car, etc.

  However, parktronic even with the most advanced indication is not always able to completely replace the driver's eyes. For example, when parking a truck, bus or large car, you just need to see what is happening behind, therefore, in such cases, parking and maneuvering often occurs with the help of an assistant.

  A solution to this problem was also proposed in the 1990s, it was a parking sensor with a rear-view camera. Attempts to create such a system have been proposed for a very long time (since the 1950s), but only recently has technology made it possible to create a small-sized camera, a lightweight monitor and electronics that would easily fit into passenger car... It is interesting that the first parking sensors with a rear-view camera began to be used on trucks and buses, and only with the beginning of the new millennium, they smoothly migrated to cars.

  The first parking sensors of this type were equipped with a single camera located in the rear of the car - such systems are very popular even now, as they are simple, reliable and provide enough information to the driver. In 2000, a retractable camera system appeared that allowed you to inspect the area around the car. And since 2007, all-round viewing systems have been produced (the first was created by Nissan), which use 4 wide-angle cameras covering the entire area around the machine.

  Automatic parking system (another name - intelligent parking aid, everyday name - parking autopilot ) refers to active parking systems, because provides car parking in automatic or automated (individual functions are performed automatically) mode.

  Various automatic parking systems assist with parallel parking, perpendicular parking. Parallel parking systems are more common. Automatic parking is carried out by coordinated control of the steering wheel angle and vehicle speed.

  Well-known intelligent parking assistance systems are:

  • Park assist on volkswagen cars;
  • Park assist vision on Volkswagen cars;
  • Intelligent Parking Assist System on toyota vehicles, Lexus;
  • Remote Park Assist System on bMW cars;
  • Active park assist on Mercedes-Benz, Ford cars;
  • Advanced park assist on Opel cars.

  The design of the automatic parking system includes ultrasonic sensors, a switch, an electronic control unit, as well as actuators for vehicle systems.

  The intelligent parking assist system uses ultrasonic sensors similar to the passive parking system, but with a longer range (up to 4.5 m). The number of sensors differs depending on the type of system. For example, in the latest generation Park Assist system, 12 ultrasonic sensors are installed: 4 in front, 4 behind and 4 on the sides of the car.

  The system is turned on forcibly if necessary to park. For this, there is a special switch on the instrument panel (steering wheel).

  The electronic control unit receives signals from ultrasonic sensors and converts them into control actions on actuators, which are other vehicle systems: directional stability, engine control, electric power steering, automatic transmission. Interaction with these systems is carried out through the appropriate electronic control units.

  The information required for automatic parking is shown on the information display and is used by the driver during parking.

  Automatic parking system operation

  The work of the automatic parking system can be conditionally divided into two stages: finding a suitable place in the parking lot and actually performing the parking.

  Finding a suitable parking spot produced using ultrasonic sensors. For example, Park Assist has four lateral ultrasonic sensors for this purpose, two on each side of the vehicle. When a car moves along a row of parked cars at a certain speed (up to 40 km / h in parallel parking and up to 20 km / h in transverse parking), the sensors record the distance between them, and in the Park Assist Vision system, their position relative to the vehicle (parallel or perpendicular).

  Sensor signals processed electronic unit management. If the distance for parking is sufficient, the system gives a signal to the driver - displays the relevant information on the vehicle information display. In Park Assist, a distance exceeding the length of the vehicle by 0.8 m is taken as a sufficient parking distance, in Advanced Park Assist - by 1 m.

  Vehicle parking can be carried out in two ways - directly by the driver using the instructions offered by the system or automatically without the participation of the driver.

  Visual and test instructions to the driver are shown on the information display. They relate to recommendations for turning the steering wheel at a certain angle and direction of travel. This type of automated parking is used in Advanced Park Assist.

  Automatic parking is carried out by orderly action on the actuators of the vehicle systems:

  For the purpose of traffic safety, the system can always be switched from automatic mode to manual mode. In the latest designs of the system, automatic parking can be performed when the driver is in the car or outside it - with a key.

  13.03.2018

  Automatic parking is no longer a surprise to anyone, as manufacturers increasingly focus on innovation. The same VW (Skoda) created its own intelligent one without the support of Nvidia, unlike the notorious Tesla. VAG (Skoda) took the initiative by creating its own Automatic Parking Assistant, which is an active implementation of such a system. It differs from others in the need for minimal human intervention, thus, manufacturers can boast of such their own developments as:

  • Skoda - Park Assistance
  • Opel - Advanced Park Assist;
  • Mercedes / Ford - Active Park Assist
  • BMW - Remote Park Assist System

  Possible types of automatic parking systems allow parallel and cross parking due to a unique programming algorithm. Initially, only one mode was carried out, that is, either parallel or transverse. However, these were only the first steps of the creators of automatic parking systems on the path to innovation in the automotive field.

  The new systems literally adapt to the characteristics of the car, that is, the possible angles of rotation of the wheels, speed, body dimensions and others. A special feature of active / passive systems are ultrasonic sensors together with the central processor, which ensure automatic parking of the car. IN modern cars the installation of about 12 units of sensors is provided, which is recognized as the optimal number for work.

  The system is activated by pressing the corresponding button on dashboard or a car torpedo. Immediately after pressing, an electrical signal is sent to special sensors that read the surrounding space. The sensors, having received the information, transmit it to the commutator, which calculates the optimal trajectory of movement, the required engine power, gearbox transmission and other features of the movement.

  The work of the automatic parking is provided by electronics and it can work directly without human intervention. Passive people only calculate the route, similar to active ones, but the driver will have to manage the parking from the driver's seat.

  

  System operation stages

  Automatic car parking is divided into two stages:

  • 1) Find a place

  Analytics of the surrounding space is an important factor in the work, because movement maneuvers can be performed without the participation of the driver. It fits comfortably in the driver's seat, while the system determines the place to maneuver by scanning the surrounding space with ultrasonic sensors. These sensors are used for longitudinal parking (up to 40 km / h) and transverse (up to 20 km / h). In this case, the stage of longitudinal and lateral parking is selected alternately: that is, the sensors read the lateral and longitudinal positions, the system gave the go-ahead and a displacement occurred by a certain distance, then the reading occurs again, and so on.

  • 2) Directly parking

  Then the automatic parking selects exactly that available space, which is 0.8 meters longer than the car body. The indicator in the text is indicated as an average and each manufacturer chooses it at its discretion. And the car gives the driver a chance to either put vehicle to the place chosen by the system, or to assign everything to.

  

  Direct control

  Modern parking systems, due to their functional features, send special impulses to various components of the car

  • throttle valve of the engine;
  • gear box;
  • brake system, including valve;
  • EUR and GUR;

  The driver, of course, at any time can start work, disabling the automated option, if he did not like something or he simply decided to park the car on his own. If he decides to rely on automation, he boldly gets out of the car while the car will independently park in the garage, parking space or open parking. It should be noted that dense traffic on the road is not difficult for automatic parking systems, in the case of parking on the side of the road.

  Automatic car parking as additional option is a very expensive pleasure and most manufacturers install it only on the most top configurations not the most budget cars and not even the middle price segment. Since such pleasure requires a lot of efforts of experienced specialists, then its price corresponds to the costs. Each brand guarantees the level of safety from itself, and thanks to the existing automatic parking systems, automotive engineers were able to assign a number of driver tasks to the automation equipment.

  Parking is not the easiest maneuver that the driver constantly has to perform. You can find tons of jokes about this on the Internet, because car owners can throw their iron horses in a variety of places. It is often not so easy to park the car in big cities. Great help in this difficult matter can be provided automatic car parking system.

  Reliable and convenient parking systems are always appreciated because they allow you to maintain order in the parking lot. The site 3390017.ru has a large selection of parking equipment. Organize your parking with AP-PRO.

  What is this system?

  The purpose and tasks for which this system is made are clear from the name. Thanks to it, you can park your car in automatic mode. How it works in practice - watch the video.

  Different manufacturers install car parking systems on their cars and call them differently, but this does not change the essence.

  Automatic parking system device

  Regardless of the name, the elements and device that are used in the development of such systems are the same. The system includes the following components:

  • Ultrasonic sensors;
  • Display and control panel;
  • Executive devices;

  The sensors used in the intelligent parking device are similar to other products of a similar purpose and differ in their increased range. The number of these elements can be very different, but on all cars with a car parking system, sensors are located on all sides.

  To start it automatic car parking system, just press the button on the dashboard or on the key fob.

  How the automatic parking system works

  For the system to work properly, the machine must be equipped with additional systems and devices, namely:

  • Engine control system;
  • Electromechanical power steering (EMUR);

  You cannot simply buy and install this device, because it will not work. For its operation, a whole bunch of elements and blocks, as well as actuators, are required. The system operates at low speed. Near standing cars the system searches for a free parking space.

  The size of the parking space differs depending on. On average, this value is 80 cm - 1 meter. When there is a free space, the system signals to the driver that he can park here. When the system is up and running, it takes full control of the machine. Based on the signals and indicators of the instruments, the system parks the car in a free space.

  Automatic parking system Is not just a new feature of automakers, but a necessary system. This approach to parking should be seen as another step towards safety on roads, yards and parking lots. Also, this system is designed to ensure order in parking spaces.

  

  Such a device helps to implement a rather complex car parking mechanism. Approximately the same technology is used to build a car that can drive without a driver.