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With long-term operation of the car, sooner or later the time comes when the driver begins to notice that the car "pulls" worse and worse. To put it another way, the motor does not cope well even with small loads. To overcome them, you have to spin the crankshaft almost to maximum speed. Other signs appear: sluggish acceleration from a standstill, difficulty in gaining speed when overtaking, etc. In this case, there may be an increased smoke of the exhaust, but extraneous noise under the hood during operation power plant absent - it works smoothly and calmly. So what happened, why doesn't the car pull?

When the motor pulls poorly uphill ...

Causes of power loss common to all types of motors

If there are no other signs of deterioration in engine performance, except for loss of thrust, it is worth conducting a comprehensive check, which consists in testing the power unit by the "elimination method".

Poor quality fuel

In about 50% of cases, the “culprit” of loss of thrust is fuel. Due to its poor quality or unsuitable octane number (RON), the engine does not develop power.

It is possible to determine that the fuel in the car tank is unsuitable by a number of signs:

1. The engine started getting worse.
2. Detonation appeared. This symptom manifests itself most clearly if the fuel with the required octane number diluted with gasoline with a lower RON.
3. When inspecting spark plugs turned out of the cylinder block (BC), you can see carbon black or reddish (brick) color uncharacteristic for serviceable parts, which indicates the presence of unnecessary impurities. The first option indicates that gasoline does not burn completely, the second confirms the presence of additives containing metal.
4. Inefficiently working candles. This can be determined with a sharp increase in speed, when the engine has no room for further acceleration. The spark plugs can be clogged due to low-quality fuel or simply worn out.

It is not difficult to solve the problem: low-quality fuel should be drained and the tank filled with a suitable fuel with the required RON. Clean the candles of carbon deposits, and if their service life has come to an end, replace them with new ones, all at once, in a set from one manufacturer. When carbon deposits appear, you will again have to deal with diagnostics of the cylinder-piston group (CPG) and (or) the fuel system.

It is better to refuel at proven gas stations

Dirty air and fuel filters

If the first of them is clogged and does not allow air to pass through well, the mixture will be too rich, that is, there will be a lot of fuel in it, which will stop burning completely. As a result, the engine thrust will drop. If the fuel filter is dirty, the result in terms of the operation of the power unit will be the same, with the only difference that the mixture will become very lean, since there will be little gasoline in it. Premature contamination of the air filter can be caused by operating the machine in dusty conditions, and the fuel filter - by poor quality fuel.

Violation of valve timing

The main parts of the gas distribution mechanism (timing) are intake and exhaust valves... They are "obliged" to open and close only at the right moment so that the fuel mixture enters the cylinders on time and the exhaust gases are removed. This process is called phase distribution. If you violate it, you will see that the engine power has disappeared, which will start to "triple", and sometimes start poorly.

The reasons for the violation of the valve timing:

• wear, as well as incorrect installation, displacement of the chain or timing belt (most often this is a jump by one tooth (link));
• play or deformation of the pulley on the crankshaft;
• wear of hydraulic lifters, camshaft and (or) its bed;
• burnout or rupture of the BC head gasket;
• position sensor malfunction camshaft (DPRV).

Recovery normal work Timing must set the position of the timing shafts and the crankshaft according to the marks. If the chain is worn out, replace it. The same applies to the camshaft with bed, hydraulic lifters, gasket and DPRV.

Exhaust system resistance

Many consider the only task exhaust system - muffling of loud sound and removal of exhaust gases. However, in modern cars, a catalyst is installed to reduce the level of harmful emissions. If this element is heavily contaminated or destroyed, the passage of gases is impeded. As a result, the motor works "like a strangled one."

In Russia, the problem is solved by the elementary removal of the catalyst. However, it must be remembered that in some car models such an operation will require changes in the electronics (programming).

Catalyst removal

Violation of ignition timing

It is about the moment of ignition of the combustible mixture. It is it that determines the ignition timing (UOZ). When it deviates towards an increase, the mixture ignites early, towards a decrease - late. Both options lead to wrong work engine, incomplete combustion of the mixture, which may be accompanied by popping in the muffler. On injection engines VAZ 2110, 211, 212, 214, 215 (there is also a classic with an injector, for example, VAZ 2107) UOZ is set automatically, on carburetor VAZ 2101-2106, 07, 08, 09 (the last two models can be with an injector) it must be installed manually.

Signs of POP violation:

• difficult engine start;
• increased fuel and oil consumption;
• drop in throttle response and power of the power unit;
• unstable iCE operation at idle;
• the car does not respond well when you press the gas pedal.

Adjusting the UOZ on an injection engine

Everything here is controlled by electronics. First you need to make sure that it is working properly and that the sensor is working. throttle... On idling it should be slightly open by about 1% (if this is not the case, adjust the mechanical drive), the normal voltage on its contacts is 0.45-0.55 V (the auto's bot network should give out 13-14.3 V). When hard pressing on the gas pedal, the damper should open by 90 ", and the voltage on the sensor should increase to 4.5 V. If this is not the case, you need to adjust the damper drive and check the sensor's serviceability (TPS).

To do this:

• take the tester and put it in the voltage measurement position;
• disconnect the connector from the sensor - you will see three contacts - one goes to ground, the other to the ECU (which one is connected to, determine according to the diagram);
• start the motor and check the supply voltage - it should be about 5 V;
• turn off the engine and switch the tester to resistance measurement mode;
• when the damper is closed, between the ground and the contact going to the computer, the device should show 0.8-1.2 kΩ;
• when the damper is open, the resistance is 2.3-2.7 kOhm.

If the obtained data does not correspond to the above parameters, the sensor must be replaced. If this does not work, you should check the ECU.

Exposing UOZ on carburetor engines

The simplest and most effective way is to use a regular 12-volt light bulb.

Algorithm of actions:

1. Turn the crankshaft pulley until the marks coincide (on the cover - this is the central risk) using a special spanner wrench. If not, turn on 4th speed and push the car until the marks match.
2. From the ignition breaker (distributor), disconnect the thin wire going to the coil and connect a light bulb to it, the second contact of which is shorted to ground.
3. Loosen the nut that secures the distributor (usually it is a wrench at "13").
4. Turn on the ignition, make sure that the lamp is on, and slowly rotate the distributor around its axis until it goes out.
5. Now turn the distributor again until the bulb flashes, and immediately tighten the distributor mounting nut.

Malfunctioning spark plugs

The planned replacement of these elements of the ignition system is carried out after 20-30 thousand kilometers. If the candles are platinum, the resource increases to 100 thousand km. However, the situation when candles (most often one of them) fail ahead of time is not uncommon.

You can see and hear this by a number of signs:

• the engine starts with difficulty, especially in winter;
• idling is unstable, the tachometer needle jumps, the motor may stop periodically;
• when the power unit is operating, there is increased vibration, for example, the gearshift lever is shaking;
• weak acceleration dynamics - the car does not develop full power, "Stupid";
• when you press the accelerator, "dips" are noticeable;
• fuel consumption has increased.

When one spark plug is not working, experienced drivers they say that the engine "troit", that is, out of 4 cylinders only 3 works.

To find a faulty part, you need:

• wear dielectric rubber gloves;
• while the engine is running, disconnect one by one high voltage wire from each candle;
• in this case, the nature of the operation of the motor should change, the speed should drop, but if this did not happen, then the cylinder does not work - the candle does not form a spark.

It is worth finding out the reason for the poor performance of the part, it is quite possible that it is defective. If later other candles begin to fail, you will have to look for the reason elsewhere - the CPG or the fuel system.

Reducing compression

Often, the reasons for the loss of engine power can be associated with banal wear of the power unit. Do not forget that a car at the age of about 100 thousand kilometers begins to lose its power by 10-15%. If you think the loss is excessive, you need to check the compression. Its nominal value is indicated in the documentation for the machine. For testing, you will need an inexpensive device - a compressometer, which is a pressure gauge attached to a hollow tube or connected to a rubber hose equipped with a tip. It is screwed into the cylinder block instead of a spark plug. Next, disconnect the high-voltage wire from the ignition coil. Crank the crankshaft with the starter and read the highest compression gauge reading. The operation should be repeated for each cylinder.

Compression check

A pressure lower than that specified in the instructions by more than 15% indicates worn out rings, pistons, cylinder block walls, valves. To solve the problem, you can bore the BC to the oversize, replace the piston rings, grind (or replace) the valves.

Automatic transmission malfunctions

One of the tasks of the gearbox is to transfer torque to the wheels. And if this process is disrupted, then the engine does not pick up speed. You hit the gas and acceleration is sluggish. The whole thing can be in the slipping of the automatic transmission.

There are several reasons for this:

• poor quality or not what the manufacturer recommends the gear oil;
• clogged filters;
• clogged valve body channels;
• faulty solenoids (in this case, slipping is observed "hot");
• friction clutch wear (maximum service life 200-300 thousand km);
• problem with the control unit.

Most of the above malfunctions in a garage are difficult to fix. Therefore, you will have to use the services of a specialized technical station.

If the carburetor engine does not pull

Carburetor - mechanical device for preparing a combustible mixture of fuel and air. If in this mechanism the proportions of the components are violated, then the engine does not pull.

You need to adjust the carburetor in stages:

1. Jets. Check their calibration - the part supplying air must have a larger diameter than the one through which the fuel flows.
2. Throttle valve. When you press the gas, it should open completely (if not, adjust the actuator).
3. Ignition system. Its contact version was considered above. To check the proximity system, turn on the ignition and look at the voltmeter dashboard - its arrow will come to "12", and in a second it will rise higher. If there is no voltmeter, install a known working switch and check the ignition system again.

Regular carburetor

Why is there a loss of power in the injection engine

A feature of this motor is a gas pump that works like an electric motor. If it does not work properly, the engine speed will be unstable in all ranges. That is, the fuel will be supplied unevenly, which will lead to a drop in the power of the power unit. The pump may not perform well due to a dirty filter - it must be checked and cleaned if necessary. Another reason for power loss injection engine - inefficient operation of injectors, which become contaminated during operation. It is necessary to carry out diagnostics using a special (you can even make a homemade) stand and clean the parts or replace them with new ones. The next reason is the electronics malfunctioning. These can be sensors or the ECU itself. In the latter case, it is recommended to install a working unit or go to a service station.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them

When operating a car with gasoline or diesel engine sometimes a situation arises when the expected increase in revolutions does not occur when the accelerator pedal is depressed. Serviceable power unit should immediately respond to an increase in the combustible mixture in the combustion chambers with an increase in the crankshaft speed, but if this does not happen, you need to look for a malfunction. It can be caused by both fairly simple and easily fixed things, and serious breakdowns.

The main reasons for the lack of engine dynamics

The driver who constantly operates the car easily determines the deterioration of the dynamic characteristics of the motor, which manifests itself in sluggish acceleration, bad traction, increased fuel and oil consumption. These processes are often accompanied by the appearance of a bluish or black exhaust. Most often, this is due to the following reasons:

1. Insufficient heating of the power unit.
2. Poor quality of the fuel used.
3. Clogging air filter and problems with the air supply system.
4. Malfunctions of the gas distribution mechanism.
5. Fuel supply system malfunctions.
6. Defective sensors.
7. Ignition system malfunctions.
8. Weak compression in the cylinders.
9. Incorrect operation of the vehicle ECU.
10. Specific malfunctions of engines with a turbocharger or carburetor.

Cold engine

The dynamic characteristics of the power unit will not reach their maximum until working temperature the coolant will not rise to a value of 90 ° C. A cold engine is unable to quickly develop speed, for this the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber must be warmed up. Otherwise, the engine will stall, jerk and detonate.

Fuel quality

The use of high-quality gasoline or diesel fuel is a guarantee of a long-term engine life and obtaining maximum power indicators from it. But none of the drivers is completely insured against refueling with low-quality fuel, the use of which threatens not only with a significant decrease in power indicators, but also with the inability to start the engine. Regular use low-quality gasoline manifests itself in the intensive formation of carbon deposits on the cylinders, pistons, catalyst and in the exhaust manifold, as well as in increased wear of the cylinder-piston group.

Dirty filters

Excessive clogging of the air filter reduces the amount of air that can pass through it into the combustion chambers, causing the engine to lose power and become uneven. A similar consequence causes a lack of fuel flow into the combustion chambers in the event of a malfunction fuel pump or the difficulty of passing it through the highway or through the fuel filters for various reasons.

Violation of the gas distribution mechanism

Breakage or improper adjustment of the valve timing mechanism shifts the valve timing from the optimum point, and causes a sharp decrease in engine power. This is due to the incomplete release of the cylinders from exhaust gases, or insufficient filling with air or air-fuel mixture. Jumping the timing chain or belt by one or more teeth causes a malfunction and adjustment of the mechanism that provides the required ignition timing depending on the engine speed. A significant drop in power is also observed with incorrect adjustment of the timing valves, when they are insufficiently opened or not fully closed.

Fuel system malfunctions

In case of power failure gasoline engine power loss is felt first. These include clogged fuel filters, interruptions in the operation of the fuel pump, power supply to the injectors, and depressurization of the fuel line, due to which the engine feels a lack of fuel. In diesel engines, the most common problems fuel equipment - this is wear of injectors and the fuel pump, depressurization of the fuel line, freezing of fuel in fuel line and clogged filters.

Sensor malfunctions

AT modern engines to achieve a combination of high dynamics and low fuel consumption, readings of various sensors are used that determine the position of the crankshaft, air consumption, detonation in the combustion chamber, composition of exhaust gases, position of air and throttle valves, external temperature. The data from them goes to the engine ECU, and affects the mode of its operation. A malfunction of one sensor or another makes the operation of the power unit not optimal, which manifests itself in a loss of power.

Ignition system malfunctions

Most often, in the ignition system, malfunctions that reduce engine power relate to candles, in which the gaps between the electrodes can be violated, carbon deposits have occurred on them, or the insulator is damaged. Deterioration of spark quality or its absence is often the result of breakage, broken contacts or integrity of high-voltage wires, ignition coil and distributor.

Piston group wear

With prolonged operation of the engine, the piston group is naturally worn out, which causes a drop in the required compression in the cylinders and the power of the power unit. Excessive wear can occur when the piston rings are stuck due to improper engine operation, the use of poor quality fuel and oil.

ECU malfunctions

Management of all work processes modern car implements an electronic unit that collects the readings of the sensors, and, based on the program embedded in it, regulates the operation of the engine. The operation of the ECU can be changed by adjusting various modes of operation depending on the required consumption and type of fuel used, vehicle operating conditions and other characteristics. Malfunctions electronic unit or improper tuning can result in both loss of power and inability to operate the engine itself.

Specific engine malfunctions

Old car models with a carburetor are still quite actively exploited by domestic motorists. Breakdown of various components of such power systems manifests itself in a noticeable drop in engine power, and has the following characteristic faults:

1. Breakdown of the fuel pump, causing a drop in pressure in the system.
2. Dirt entering the carburetor, which clogs the jets and causes problems with the operation of the needle valve.
3. Incorrect adjustment of the composition of the combustible mixture.
4. Malfunctions of the carburetor dampers and economizer valve.
5. Incorrect float operation.

Some newer engine models have one or more turbines that force air into the combustion chamber, thereby increasing the amount horse powerthat the power unit is capable of delivering. Breakdowns or irregularities in their work causes a sharp drop in the throttle response of the power unit.

A drop in engine power should be the reason for diagnosing the car to identify the malfunction and completely eliminate it. It is good if the cause of the loss of dynamics is such easily removable reasons as low-quality fuel, clogged filters or old spark plugs. But malfunctions in the operation of the gas distribution mechanism, wear of the piston group and other more serious problems require immediate repair, since they can lead to significant damage and significantly higher cash costs.

Reading 5 min. Views 607 Published 23 November 2015

In this article, we will discuss the main reasons why the engine does not develop its full power.

Any car engine loses power over time. However, there are times when the engine internal combustion for no particular reason, it suddenly loses power by more than 15 percent. In such cases, it is necessary to diagnose the car engine, look for the cause of the sharp loss of power. With a power loss of more than 15 percent, the car will hardly accelerate even on a flat dry road surface. There are many reasons for a sharp loss of power by an engine. In this article, we will discuss the main reasons why the engine does not develop its full power.

The table below summarizes the main causes of loss of engine power in a vehicle.

Cause	Description
Early ignition.	An internal combustion engine can lose power dramatically due to early ignition. As a result, the fuel mixture will ignite ahead of time, and the force of the exhaust gases will go against the normal movement of the pistons. Accordingly, the engine crankshaft will slow down and the engine will not run at full power.
Late ignition.	In the case of a later ignition, the fuel mixture simply will not have time to burn before the piston passes dead center... As a result, the energy received from combustion will not be directed in the right direction, and the engine will not use it to its full potential.
Breakdown of the vacuum ignition timing controller.	Incorrect throttle opening has the greatest impact on engine speed. In the event of a diaphragm malfunction, the vacuum regulator will work with great difficulty. This will cause the car's engine to lose power.
Breakage of the centrifugal ignition timing regulator.	Engine power can also drop sharply due to a malfunction of the centrifugal ignition timing controller. When the engine picks up speed, the centrifugal governors will begin to increase the ignition timing, while the weights will start to jam, and the angle will not change throughout the entire operation of the engine. This will start a loss of engine power. Due to the same problem, a sharp excessive consumption of fuel will begin, since the ignition will be earlier. All this is due to the rapid stretching of the springs of the weights of the centrifugal ignition timing controller.
Loose valves.	If the valves are not firmly seated in their designated seats, the engine will not function properly and engine power will drop. Each separate model of the motor, the gap between the end of the rod and the thrust washer must be of a certain size. In case of an increase in the size of the gap, the tightness of the combustion chamber will be broken. This will drastically reduce engine power. If the size of the gap is reduced, then the seat and valve edge will begin to burn. Valve leaks are determined by shots. In the case when a shot goes into the carburetor, this means that the intake valve is not tight. If the shot goes into the muffler, then this means that the exhaust valve is not tight.
Worn piston rings.	A sharp decrease in engine power can occur due to worn piston rings. In this situation, the compression in the cylinders will sharply decrease, and this will dramatically affect the power of the motor itself. It is quite simple to identify the wear of the piston rings. We need to remove the crankcase ventilation hose from the breather. In the event of smoke escaping, we will understand that the rings are worn out. In this case, the smoke should resemble a pulsating dark jet.

If the ignition of the car engine is adjusted correctly, the ignition timing regulator is working properly, then it is necessary to look for the cause of a sharp decrease in engine power in another.

If the ignition of the car engine is adjusted correctly, the ignition timing regulator is working properly, then it is necessary to look for the cause of a sharp decrease in engine power in another. Experts recommend paying attention to the filling of the cylinder with the working mixture. A sticky throttle valve may be causing this problem. That is why motorists recommend paying more attention to the throttle actuator. Next, you need to check the air filter and, if anything, replace it with a new one. The main reasons for the lack of working mixture in the cylinders are the following:

- Large deposits of tar and coke in the intake pipe;

- Too big carbon deposits in the engine cylinders;

- Sticking of the needle valve in the float chamber;

- The use of gasoline with an octane number that is not suitable for this engine model.

Experts recommend paying attention to the filling of the cylinder with the working mixture. A sticky throttle valve may be causing this problem.

Another reason for a sharp decrease in car engine power is the flow of a lean working mixture into the engine cylinders. If a lean working mixture enters the cylinders, then the reasons may be as follows:

1. Air leaks. In places where the elements of the injector and the carburetor are connected, air leaks may occur if the gaskets are damaged or due to loosening of the fasteners. The detection of such gaps is done by applying soap suds. Air leaks can be removed by tightening the bolts or by replacing the gaskets.
2. Freezing of liquid. The cause of a poor working mixture in the cylinders may be the freezing of fluid in the power system. This contaminates the channels and nozzles in the carburetor. In this situation, the malfunction can be eliminated by purging the nozzles, channels and pipelines.
3. Clogged air hole in the fuel pump. If the air hole in the fuel pump gets stuck, a lean working mixture will form in the engine cylinders. Such a malfunction can be eliminated by replacing component parts the fuel pump and cleaning the air damper.
4. Breakout of the diaphragm. When the diaphragm breaks and the valves get stuck in the fuel pump, a lean working mixture occurs. This problem can be corrected.

In general, the engine can stop pulling for a variety of reasons - this is one of the most common malfunctions, which can have a huge variety of causes, and below we will consider the most likely ones, describe their symptoms and investigate this issue in detail. Indeed, one day something can happen to each of us that the engine will lose power, no longer accompanied by any symptoms. The engine probably does not show any clear signs of any illness, it seems to be almost in perfect order and does not emit any unusual noises and vibrations, but at the same time it simply does not pull as well as it usually does. And the problem seems to be getting worse and worse every day, although you probably didn't even notice when the motor first began to pull worse.

If you are familiar with this situation, then let's consider the following reasons for reducing the thrust of the motor:

Poor quality fuel

First of all, you need to blame the fuel - remember where you last refueled - perhaps this is a new gas station or one with which you previously had no driving experience. It is possible that the fuel just turned out to be of very poor quality (it happens so much that you are just lucky if your engine just stops pulling - after all, someone's engine will probably stop starting altogether until the owner completely replaces the fuel in the tank).

If you fill up at a gas station where you usually, and nothing raises suspicions, go to local communities at in social networks, a car club of your region / district or just a city portal - perhaps the gas station simply had a bad delivery of fuel.

However, most often, coupled with the loss of thrust, the incompatibility of the engine with such low-quality fuel has other symptoms, for example, such as instability of engine speed, difficulty starting and some others depending on how bad the fuel was and the car model.

But it is most likely to determine the poor quality of gasoline yourself by unscrewing the candles from the engine (this will require a special spark plug wrench) - in general, candles can often be used as a primary diagnostic method for certain malfunctions in the engine combustion chamber, since they are the ones who most closely cooperate with this combustion chamber and at the same time are quick-detachable. If the fuel contains a large number of metal-based additives, the contacts of the candle and the "skirt" of the central diode will have a reddish coating (as if a red brick had been crumbled into a candle).

Dirty air filter

Your air filter may simply get dirty, and in this case, eliminating the loss of power will cost you, perhaps, cheaper than all other options - just replace the air filter - you can either buy it yourself or replace it yourself.

The problem with a dirty air filter is that the fuel-air mixture that enters the combustion chamber of your engine's cylinders does not enter there without enough air, and therefore the fuel does not burn completely, because it requires a sufficient amount of oxygen to burn it. It turns out a situation similar to a runny nose in a person - he seems to be eating enough and leading healthy image life, but at certain moments of life (during an illness with this rhinitis), clogged nasal passages do not allow breathing normally.

Dirty or old spark plugs

Spark plugs may well be dirty or excessively worn, in which case, if the engine is not pulling due to them, it is also a relatively inexpensive option for troubleshooting - just clean the plugs or replace them. However, it should be borne in mind that both periodic pollution and wear of the spark plugs is an abnormal process, and the reason for this lies, most likely, somewhere deeper, or in the spark plugs themselves.

Dirty fuel filter

The fuel filter, like the air filter, can cause a loss of engine power. And the physics of the process here is similar to the air filter - if in the above case, the fuel did not completely burn out due to lack of air, then in the case of contaminated fuel filteron the contrary, insufficient fuel is supplied. In this case, simple.

Mechanical problems with the engine

If all the above methods did not save, and the engine still pulls the car badly, then it is time to entrust the job to professionals - go to a good car service and diagnose the engine's operation - checking the compression (compression ratio in the combustion chambers), for example, can say a lot about work engine, including the approach to the limit of its resource and the upcoming expensive repairs.

Malfunction in the fuel system

It is quite probable that there is such a reason for the drop in engine torque as a disruption in the normal operation of the fuel supply system to the cylinders, and there may also be a number of reasons why the engine does not pick up speed, let's list the main ones:

• Defective (dirty) gasoline pump due to, for example, low-quality fuel or suction of gasoline from the bottom of the tank, where most of the foreign dirt particles have settled.
• Defective injector or oxygen sensor.
• Leakage of hoses or fuel pipes where air is sucked in.

Clogged catalyst or exhaust system

A dirty catalytic converter or exhaust system can also cause a decrease in engine thrust. In both cases, replacing the corresponding contaminated component will help. It should be borne in mind that the catalyst, as a rule, is very expensive due to the content in it in certain quantities of noble metals.

We have listed the main and most likely reasons for a possible loss of engine power - you need to remember that there are a great many such reasons, and if you did not manage to install them yourself, then you must definitely go to a car service workshop to entrust this business to professionals.

Engine does not develop full power

Decline maximum speed More than 15% of the nominal and a large increase in the acceleration time on a dry road with a hard and smooth surface with a good technical condition of the chassis mechanisms of the car indicate insufficient engine power and the need to eliminate engine malfunctions or repair it. Most of the possible causes of power loss problems can be fixed along the way without removing the engine.

More serious work related to opening the engine is performed at the station maintenance cars.

Later or early ignition

If the engine does not develop full power, it is best to check the ignition setting. If the ignition is too late, the engine loses throttle response and overheats. A significant decrease in power occurs due to the fact that the mixture does not have time to burn at the moment when the piston is in the TDC. The combustion of the mixture continues with the downward movement of the piston. This is evidenced by the increased heating of the exhaust pipe. It will be too hot, as part of the mixture burns out when released. Too early ignition also has a detrimental effect on the operation of the engine, when the combustible mixture ignites prematurely and the force of the gases acts against the piston, which moves towards the engine speed. At the same time, frequent and ringing metal knocks are heard in the engine, detonation may occur, the engine does not work well at a low crankshaft speed, and sometimes gives back blows when started with a handle.

If you find that power is lost due to too early or late ignition, it should be adjusted. If the desired results cannot be achieved by adjusting the ignition timing by the methods discussed earlier for 69 units, then, obviously, malfunctions have arisen in the automatic ignition timing devices - centrifugal or vacuum regulators.

It must be remembered that the centrifugal ignition timing regulator starts to work at 400-600 rpm. If malfunctions arise in the centrifugal regulator - weakening of springs or sticking of weights - this will lead to a violation of the ignition timing. When the fuziks of the regulator jam, the ignition moment at both low and high speeds of the crankshaft will remain the same. Meanwhile, for high speeds of the crankshaft, the ignition moment should be earlier.

Figure: 1. Ignition distributor of the Moskvich car (with the cover removed, the rotor, the octane corrector and the vacuum regulator): a - ignition distribution housing; b - drive roller with weights

Late ignition at high crankshaft speeds causes a decrease in power and increases fuel consumption. If the regulator springs have weakened and the weights diverge completely, then even at low crankshaft speeds, a large ignition advance will occur, which will also lead to excessive fuel consumption and a decrease in power. The operation of the centrifugal ignition timing regulator can be checked in the following simple way.

Without removing the ignition distributor (Fig. 1) from the engine, pull the breaker lever and turn the cam by hand in the direction of rotation of the roller until it stops. The weights will open at the same time. Then release the cam, and it will return to its original position under the action of the weight springs. If a jam is found, it is necessary to remove it and replace the weakened springs.

It is known that a centrifugal regulator regulates the ignition moment only depending on the crankshaft speed. But on the way, the car has to move both on a flat road and on a road with uphills. Suppose that when driving at a constant speed both on a flat road and on an uphill road, the centrifugal regulator will give only the same ignition timing. While when driving on a road with uphills, the engine load and opening of the throttle valve are much greater, therefore, the ignition advance should be less than when driving on a flat road at the same speed. The ignition timing when changing the throttle valve opening (engine load) is performed by the vacuum regulator (Fig. 2).

It may have the following malfunctions: loss of spring elasticity, air leakage into the spring cavity, wear or damage to the diaphragm located in the middle of the housing of the vacuum ignition timing regulator, jamming of the ball bearing and the breaker-distributor panel.

When the vacuum regulator spring is weakened at low and medium loads, the ignition timing increases. If air is sucked into the cavity where the spring is located (if the diaphragm is damaged), then the ignition timing will decrease at low loads. If too much air is leaked, the vacuum ignition timing controller will not work at all.

Figure: 2. Scheme of operation of the vacuum ignition timing controller: a - when the load decreases; b- with increasing load

On the way, the serviceability of the vacuum regulator can be checked by shaking the breaker panel on the bearing.

In this case, it is necessary to check and determine whether there is an increase in the gap between the panel pin and the rod of the diaphragm of the vacuum ignition timing regulator and whether the rod itself does not jump off.

If you create a vacuum in the vacuum regulator tube disconnected from the carburetor pipe, then if it is in good condition, the interrupter panel should turn in the opposite direction to the cam rotation.

Insufficient filling of the cylinders with the working mixture

Having found that the ignition timing controllers are in good order and the ignition is set correctly, the reason for the decrease in engine power must be sought in the insufficient filling of the cylinders with the working mixture. This can be caused by a sticking of the throttle valve on the axle (its incomplete opening). To do this, check the throttle valve drive, if necessary, remove the jam. Then you need to make sure that the air filter is working. If it is dirty, it is necessary to replace the dry filter element, and on cars where the filter is with an oil bath, disassemble, wash it and, if necessary, change the oil. It is advisable to check the serviceability of the valves and springs of the gas distribution mechanism. In case of violation of clearances, breakage of valve springs, replace the broken springs, and adjust the clearance.

Insufficient filling of the cylinders with the working mixture can be due to the sticking of the needle valve of the float chamber, the use of fuel with an inappropriate octane number, with a large deposit of tar and coke in the intake manifold, and also with a large soot in the engine cylinders.

A common cause of reduced engine power is a lean mixture in the cylinders.

The reasons for the formation of a lean working mixture are as follows:
- clogging of jets and channels in the carburetor, contamination of fuel lines, freezing of water in the power system. In this case, it is necessary to blow through the jets, channels and contaminated fuel lines using a pump to inflate the tires of the wheels, and if necessary, clean them with copper wire, disassembling the carburetor;
- Stuck fuel pump valves, clogged strainer or a small break in the diaphragm. In this case, first, the seizure of the fuel pump valves is eliminated, the mesh filter is washed, and the broken diaphragm is replaced or temporarily restored by the method described in section. "There is no fuel supply";
- air leaks at the joints of the carburetor parts, the carburetor flange with the intake pipe, the intake pipe flanges with the cylinder block due to loosening of the fasteners, as well as damage to the gaskets. The suction site can be detected with soapy water. A window will form in the soap suds at the supposed suction site. Air leakage is eliminated by tightening nuts or bolts, as well as replacing the corresponding gaskets;
- wear of the fuel pump drive lever, clogging of the air hole fuel tank with atmosphere, air damper sticking. Eliminate these malfunctions as follows: replace the defective parts of the fuel pump with new ones, clean the air hole in the plug, check and, if necessary, adjust the length of the carburetor choke control cable.

The engine may not develop full power due to decreased compression in the cylinders. It is necessary to restore normal compression in the engine cylinders at the service station.

Tractive effort developed on crankshaft engine, is transmitted to the drive wheels through the whole system of vehicle units (clutch, gearbox, cardan gear, main gear), from technical condition which depend on the operational efficiency and safety of the vehicle

During operation passenger cars various malfunctions may occur in these units.

To determine and eliminate the causes of malfunctions that have arisen in these units, testing, fastening and adjusting work is carried out, and, if necessary, their repair at a service station.

Consider the main causes of malfunctions of transmission units and possible ways their elimination. Let's start with the clutch.

Typical signs of a clutch failure are:
- slipping,
- incomplete engagement (the clutch "leads"),
- a sharp turn on,
- noise and knocking in the clutch.

TO Category: - Automotive faults