Vehicle maintenance and repair system
Maintenance (MOT) is a preventive measure carried out in a planned manner after a certain duration of the run or the period of operation of the rolling stock,
THAT is designed to maintain the rolling stock in a technically sound condition, reduce the intensity of wear of parts, and also to identify failures and malfunctions in order to eliminate them in a timely manner.
Maintenance or repair operations are carried out with or without preliminary control. The main control method is technical diagnostics, which allows to determine the technical condition of the vehicle, its units and mechanisms without disassembly, and which belongs to one of the technological elements of maintenance and repair.
Compliance with the established terms of maintenance and its high-quality implementation in the required volume ensure high technical readiness of the rolling stock, increase its service life, reduce the need for repairs and the cost of its maintenance.
Regulations on the maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport (Moscow: Transport, 1986) defines the basic principles of organizing maintenance of rolling stock, sets the standards for the frequency of maintenance and repair; mileage of cars and their main units before the first CD; labor intensity of maintenance and repair and other operational influences, ensuring high technical readiness and reliability of cars, trailers and semi-trailers.
For the operational accounting of changes in the design of rolling stock and operating conditions, the Regulation provides for two parts.
The first part of the Regulations sets out the basics of maintenance and repair of rolling stock, defines the system and principles of maintenance of rolling stock, It establishes systems and types of adjusting standards, principles for organizing maintenance and repair of rolling stock and other fundamental points.
The second part, in relation to specific models of various families of cars, establishes the types of maintenance and repairs, lists of operations performed in this case, and their labor intensity; overhaul runs; contains a chemical map and other materials necessary for planning and organizing maintenance and repair. It is developed in the form of separate appendices to the first part and is approved by the Ministry of Motor Transport of the RSFSR as the design of vehicles, their operating conditions and other factors that require adjusting the initial settings of the first part of the Regulation change.
Maintenance of rolling stock by frequency, as well as by labor intensity are divided into the following types: daily maintenance (EO); first TO (TO-1); second TO (TO-2); seasonal maintenance (CO).
EO includes control and inspection work aimed at ensuring traffic safety, as well as work to maintain proper appearance, refueling with fuel, oil and coolant, and for some types of specialized rolling stock - sanitizing the body. The EO is performed at the ATP after the rolling stock is on the line. The control of the technical condition of cars before leaving the line, as well as when changing drivers on the line, is carried out by them at the expense of the preparatory and final time.
When planning maintenance, the following recommendations should be considered.
1. Frequency of maintenance trucks KamAZ, MA3-5335, GAZ-53-12, bus J1A3-4202 are established by the second part of the Regulation for a specific family of rolling stock.
2. The permissible deviation from the standards for the frequency of maintenance is ± 10%,
3. The frequency of replacement of oils and greases is specified depending on the types (models) and design features of units and mechanisms, as well as the brand of used oil or grease.
4. The maintenance intervals of trailers and semi-trailers are equal to the maintenance intervals of their tractors,
5. JI is carried out 2 times a year and includes work on preparing the rolling stock for operation in summer and winter periods.
6. As a separately planned type of maintenance for rolling stock, it is recommended to carry out in areas of very cold, hot dry and very hot dry climates. For most conditions, CO is combined mainly with TO-2 with a corresponding increase in labor intensity.
7. All types of maintenance of rolling stock are carried out in accordance with the list of basic operations given in Appendix 5, and the chemical andological map of the Regulations. With regard to specific models of rolling stock, maintenance operations are specified in the second part of the Regulation.
8. Maintenance should ensure the trouble-free operation of the rolling stock within the established intervals when performing the required maintenance operations.
9. The labor intensity standards TO-1 and TO-2 do not include the labor intensity of the SW.
10. CO standards in relation to the labor intensity of TO-2 are: 50% for areas with very cold and very hot dry climates, 30% for areas of cold and hot dry climates and 20% for other climatic areas.
11. The labor intensity standards do not take into account labor costs for performing work that do not exceed 30% of the total labor intensity of TO and TP for ATP.
The auxiliary work includes: maintenance and repair of equipment and tools; transport and handling operations related to maintenance and repair of rolling stock; driving cars inside the ATP; storage, acceptance and delivery of material values; cleaning of industrial premises associated with maintenance and repair of rolling stock.
Below is a list of works performed for various types of rolling stock maintenance.
Daily maintenance
Daily maintenance of the rolling stock consists of cleaning and washing, inspection, lubrication and refueling works performed by a special team.
Cleaning and washing works include cleaning the body (cab) and platforms, washing and drying a car (trailer, semitrailer), sanitizing special rolling stock, cleaning and wiping rear-view mirrors, headlights, sidelights, direction indicators, rear lights and brake lights , front and side windows of the cab and license plates.
Control and inspection work includes an external examination of the car (trailer, semitrailer) in order to identify external damage, as well as to check the performance of the most important units, mechanisms and systems. An external inspection checks the condition of the cab doors, platform, glass, rear-view mirrors, sun visors, tail, license plates, door mechanisms, the tilting cab locking mechanism, platform side locks, hood, trunk lid, rear side of the dump truck and its mechanism constipation, frame, springs, wheels, fifth wheel (towing) device, road wheels of a semitrailer, reliability of a trailer hitch, correctness and integrity of sealing of a speedometer and a taximeter, operation of lighting and light signaling devices, sound signal, windshield wipers, windshield washers and headlights, heating and heating systems (when low temperatures), ventilation systems.
It is also necessary to check the condition and tightness of the power steering, the steering wheel play, the condition of the limiters of the maximum steering angles, the brake drive and the clutch release mechanism, the power supply systems, engine lubrication and cooling, the hydraulic system of the platform lifting mechanism of the dump truck, tension drive belts... The operation of the speedometer, taximeter and other instrumentation, engine, clutch, steering, brakes must be checked while the vehicle is moving. When the engine is stopped, check the operation of the centrifugal oil filter by listening to the characteristic hum.
Specific control and inspection work on buses consists in inspecting the condition of the floor, steps, handrails, seats, glass windows and doors of the bus, checking the serviceability of the mechanism for opening the covers of the ceiling ventilation hatches, tightness air suspension, checking the operation of door opening mechanisms, for buses with a hydromechanical gearbox - the engine crankshaft speed at idling (if necessary, adjust it so that the unbraked bus remains stationary on level ground with the gear engaged and the accelerator pedal released).
You should also check the operation of the alarm from the passenger compartment to the driver, the serviceability of lighting devices in the cabin and footboards, side lights, the presence of route indicators, the serviceability of the ventilation system, heating the cabin (at low temperatures), the loud-speaking device, the condition of the body base, pneumatic cylinders, suspension, storage cash registers and composters. It is necessary to clean the interior, clean the upholstery of the seat cushions and backrests, clean the trash cans for used tickets.
For a car with an engine running on liquefied or compressed gas, before leaving the line, it is necessary to check the condition and fastening of the gas cylinders, reducer, valves, mixer (carburetor-mixer), solenoid valve and other equipment, the tightness of the gas system connections by ear with open consumables and main valves, ease of starting and engine idling and at different speeds of the crankshaft, engine operation on gasoline. After returning the car from the line, you need to clean the fittings of the cylinders and gas equipment from dust and dirt and, if necessary, wash. Close the supply valves of the cylinders and drain gas from the system, close the main valve, drain the sediment from the low pressure gas reducer.
Lubrication, cleaning and filling works. These include checking the oil level in the crankcases of the engine and hydromechanical transmission, in the high pressure fuel pump and engine speed regulator, fluid level in the hydraulic brakes and the clutch release mechanism. When parking the car, it is necessary to refuel the car with fuel, fill the windshield and headlight washer tanks with water, drain the condensate from the water separator of the air cylinders of the pneumatic brake actuator, sludge from the fuel filters and fuel tank (last for diesel cars in winter). When storing cars without a garage in winter, the water from the engine cooling system and the starting heater is drained, and before starting the engine, the system is again filled with hot water.
First maintenance
With TO-1, it is necessary to carry out the following control (diagnostic), fastening and adjustment work (the rolling stock arrives after washing and cleaning).
Carry out general control and inspection work of the SW. Check the fastening of the engine and assemblies of the power supply and exhaust systems, the action of the recoil spring and the free travel of the pedal and the tightness of the hydraulic clutch release system. Check bracket attachment and component parts power cylinder of the pneumatic booster, fastening and operation of the gearbox, transfer case and divider on a stationary car, fastening of the hydromechanical gearbox to the base of the bus, oil pan and condition of engine oil pipelines, electric wire ends, correct adjustment of the peripheral spools control mechanism.
Check the backlash in the hinges and spline joints of the cardan drive, the condition and fastening of the intermediate support and support plates of needle bearings, flanges cardan shafts, tightness of the drive axle joints, fastening of the gearbox housing, flanges of axle shafts and wheel gear covers.
Check the fastening and splitting of the nuts of the ball pins, the bipod, the levers of the pivot pins, the condition of the pins and lock washers of the nuts, the backlash of the steering wheel and steering link joints, the tightening of the nuts of the wedges of the steering propeller shaft, the backlash of the wheel bearings.
Visually check the external condition of the compressor, its operation by ear and by the pressure gauge, the pressure created by it, the condition and tightness of the pipelines and brake system devices, the effectiveness of the brakes on the stand, the pinning of the pins of the brake chamber rods of the pneumatic brake drive, the stroke of the brake chamber rods, free and working stroke brake pedal, check the serviceability of the brake valve of the pneumatic brake drive, the condition and tightness of the amplifier master cylinder, wheel cylinders and their connections with pipelines, the serviceability of the drive and the action of the parking brake.
Check the condition of the frame, suspension assemblies and parts, towing (fifth wheel) device, condition and operation of the semi-trailer road roller lifting mechanism, fastening of ladders and spring fingers, wheel fastening, air suspension tightness, condition of tires and air pressure in them. Remove foreign objects stuck in the tread and between the twin wheels.
Check the cab, the platform (body) and the tail of the car, the condition and operation of the locking mechanism, the stop of the limiter and the safety device of the tilting cab, the action of the locks, hinges and handles of the cab doors, the fastening of the platform to the car frame, spare wheel, fenders, steps, mudguards. Inspect the cab and platform surfaces, if necessary, clean them from corrosion and apply a protective coating.
Check the condition of the power system devices, their fastening and the tightness of the connections. On diesel vehicles, check the operation of the fuel control actuator. If necessary, adjust the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases of carburetor engines.
Work on the power supply system for vehicles operating on liquefied and compressed gases is as follows. Before setting the vehicle to the maintenance station (line), check the tightness of the pipelines and fittings of the gas cylinders (at least once every 3 months, check the operability of the safety valve of the gas reducer). Close the supply valves of the cylinders and exhaust gas from the system (until the engine stops). Close the main valve and switch to petrol operation. Remove gas from cylinders if necessary. Inspect by inspection the tightness of the electromagnetic shut-off valves-filters of gas and petrol systems, the condition and fastening of gas cylinders, supply and main valves, gas pipelines, high and low pressure gas reducers, carburetor mixer, heater and gas supply pipelines. Lubricate the threads of the stems of the main, filling and flow valves, remove, clean and reinstall the filters of the high and low pressure reducers and the filter element of the main filter. Drain sediment from the low pressure gas regulator.
Check the tightness of gas and petrol power systems with compressed air or nitrogen, start and operate the engine on gas, and then at idle at different crankshaft speeds, the same on petrol, the operation of electromagnetic stop valves on gas and petrol, adjust the content if necessary carbon monoxide in exhaust gases when the engine is running on gas, and then on gasoline.
Before checking the operation of the engine on gasoline, you must completely turn off the gas supply and exhaust gas from the power supply system (before stopping the engine).
When servicing electrical equipment, clean the battery from dust and dirt, electrolyte traces, clean the ventilation holes in the plugs, check the condition of the wire ends and their attachment to the output pins, the electrolyte level. Check the operation of the sound signal, instrument panel lamps, lighting and alarms, instrumentation, headlights, sidelights, rear lights, brake light and light switch, and in the cold season, electrical devices for the heating system and pre-heater, fastening of the generator and starter and the condition of their contact connections, fastening of the distributor. Wipe the breaker contacts with a linen cloth.
Check the reliability of the fastening of the speedometer drive with a mechanical drive, the integrity of the flexible shaft shell, its tips, the condition and fastening of the speedometer with an electric drive and its sensor, the correct sealing of the speedometer and its drives according to the instructions.
Lubricate friction units and check the oil level in the crankcases and hydraulic reservoirs in accordance with the chemotological chart; check the fluid level in the hydraulic drives of the brakes and clutch disengagement, in the windshield and headlight washer tanks, and in the cold season in the compressed air brake drive supply system frost protection. Clean the breathers of the transmission and axles, rinse air filters hydrovacuum (vacuum) brake booster. Drain the condensate from the air cylinders of the pneumatic brake drive, clean dust and dirt from the air intake mesh on the torque converter housing.
For diesel vehicles, drain the sediment from the fuel tank and coarse and fine fuel filters, check the oil level in the high pressure fuel pump and the engine speed governor.
When operating in dusty conditions, change the engine oil, drain the sludge from the oil filters and clean the inner surface of the centrifugal oil filter cover from deposits; wash the pan and filter elements of the air filters of the engine power system and ventilation of its crankcase, coarse filter.
After servicing the car, it is necessary to check the operability of units, mechanisms and devices by running the car or at the diagnostic station.
Additional work on dump trucks and tractors consists in checking the condition of the subframe, subframe beams and articulated platform lifting devices, fifth wheel and towing devices, the condition and tightness of oil pipelines, hoses, platform lifting action, platform safety stop, rear the side and the action of its locking device, the state and fastening of the power take-off box, the covers of the tilting platform axles, the rod and cylinder connections of the platform lifting device. Check the oil level in the platform lift reservoir, top up or replace if necessary (as scheduled).
Special work on the maintenance of buses and cars includes checking the condition of the frame, floor, seat upholstery, locks of windows and hatches, handrails, brackets, fastening and operation of parking lamps, lighting lamps for route indicator and route number, the state of doors and their opening mechanisms, actions windows, door locks, hoods, trunk lids, instrument panel status, body upholstery (for cars), alarm from the passenger compartment to the driver. The serviceability of the air suspension and the body position regulator, the condition of the trusses, side members of the body base, compressors and accumulative cash registers, and the ticket feeder are checked.
Second maintenance
With TO-2, all the work provided for by TO-1 is performed, and additionally control and adjustment work. If necessary, change the oil in the engine, transmission units, steering, high pressure pump, etc.
Devices of cooling systems and power supply of the engine, electrical equipment, hydraulic and pneumatic brake drives, power steering and others must be carefully checked on the car, and the most complex of them (carburetors, gas reducers, fuel pumps, injectors, generators, relay-regulators, starters etc. should be removed from the vehicle, checked and adjusted for special devices and stands.
It is necessary to check the angles of installation and rotation of the front wheels, the condition and adjustment of the bearings of all wheels.
For TO-2 buses and cars, it is necessary to additionally check the condition and fastening of the body base parts, frames, sidewalls, interior cladding, partitions, doors, steps, steps, floor, frames, windows, seats, roof hatches and handrails. Check the condition of anti-corrosion coatings and painted surfaces of the body. If necessary, it is necessary to clean the surface from corrosion and apply a protective coating. AT engine compartment check the condition of the driver's seat and the mechanism for adjusting it, the hatch door of the route indicator. Check the interior lighting, the operation and tightness of the heating system. The door control mechanisms are removed, disassembled, cleaned and inspected, the worn parts are replaced, then the mechanisms are assembled, lubricated and checked for their operation. At the end of these works, it is necessary to disinfect the interior of the bus (according to the schedule), rinse its walls, ceiling, handrails, windows, doors, cushions and seat backs with warm water with a detergent composition, and then wipe it with a dry cloth.
Seasonal maintenance
Seasonal maintenance is carried out at the next TO-2 in order to prepare the car for work in winter or summer operating conditions. With the car's CO, they perform all types of work provided for by TO-2, and additionally flush the engine cooling system, preheater, check the condition and operation of the drain valves of the cooling, power and brake systems, check and fill the systems with the appropriate liquid. The oil in the engine, transmission units, steering and high pressure pump is replaced with the appropriate winter or summer oils. Replacement is carried out with preliminary flushing of the crankcases with kerosene (except for the engine and the high-pressure fuel pump), and gearboxes of MAZ vehicles and its modifications are flushed only with mineral oils. Bring the density of the electrolyte of the charged storage batteries to the norm corresponding winter period... The batteries are insulated. It is also necessary to check the operation of the relay-regulator and, if necessary, adjust it. Clean and blow out the internal cavities of the generator and starter, if necessary disassemble them, replace worn parts and lubricate the bearings, replace the grease on the flexible shaft of the mechanical drive of the speedometer and spur gears of the electric speedometer, check the correct sealing of the speedometer and its drive. Check the windscreen wipers, the thermostat and the radiator shutters, the health of the cooling fan clutch activation sensor and the coolant temperature and oil pressure alarm sensors in the lubrication system, the condition of the door and window seals.
Clean and paint corroded surfaces of the body, cab and fenders; apply anticorrosive mastic to the undersurfaces of the wings and bodies of buses and cars; adjust carburetors and high pressure fuel pumps for winter operation; to equip cars with snow chains, entrenching tools, hood and radiator insulation covers and towing cables.
Before carrying out the CRM of vehicles operating on liquefied or compressed gases, the gas should be drained (released) from the cylinders, and the cylinders should be degassed with an inert gas, the gas pipelines should be blown out with compressed air, entering the results of the check into the audit trail log; remove the gas reducer, mixer (carburetor mixer) from the car, fuel pump, evaporator, main valve, disassemble them, rinse, troubleshoot, assemble, adjust and check for leaks; remove the caps of the filling and supply valves (without turning the bodies out of the gas cylinders) and check the condition of the parts; remove the solenoid shut-off valves, disassemble them, clean the parts and check their serviceability, assemble the valves and check their tightness. Check the filtering elements of the main gas filter, gasoline filter valve, and gas reducer filter. Drain and flush the fuel tank. Check the high and low pressure gauges, seal and stamp with the date of the next check (performed by an employee of the quality control department of the enterprise).
TO Category: - Car maintenance
Professiogramspecialty "MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF AUTOMOTIVE TRANSPORT",
qualificationTECHNICIAN
Maintenance and repair of road transport and transport equipment in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents;
Selection of vehicle components and assemblies for replacement during the operation of road transport;
Carrying out works on maintenance and repair of vehicles;
Effective use of materials, technological equipment enterprises;
Adjustment and operation of equipment for maintenance and repair of vehicles;
Implementation of technical control during the operation of transport and transport equipment;
Conducting standard and certification tests;
Possess computer methods for collecting, storing and processing information;
Analyze and evaluate the state of safety at the production site;
- to drive a car.
Place of work
A road vehicle maintenance and repair technician is a middle manager of production management or a specialist in the operation of technological equipment. He can work as a foreman, a site manager at an enterprise, or he can work individually on the maintenance of cars or special equipment. Specialists of this profile are also in demand in government agencies.
Professional growth can take place within the framework of continuous professional development: performing more and more complex and large-scale work, mastering new directions and specializations (for example, vulcanizer, auto electrician, etc.), becoming a car mechanic - generalist. A career path can take place along the line of administrative growth: shift (section) foreman, head of a technical center, deputy director for after-sales car maintenance, director of an auto center.
When choosing an administrative career direction, it is recommended to develop additional management skills, master the profession of a manager. If the option of mentoring, transferring your unique experience to young people is closer, it is useful to develop pedagogical skills in yourself, to master the profession of a master of industrial training.
Organizing your own business requires that a skilled worker with a profession technician over time, he gains his unique professional experience and can create his own business by opening a car service, a workshop for the repair and maintenance of cars, or work with customers on individual orders (this area brings stable decent income), but this ability to repair cars is not enough, knowledge in the field is required management, economics, jurisprudence.
The basis of maintenance and repair of cars is a scheduled preventive maintenance and repair system with compulsory maintenance in a planned manner and repairs as needed.
The following types of vehicle maintenance are provided:
- daily maintenance (EO)
- first maintenance (TO-1)
- second maintenance (TO-2)
- repairs - current (TP) and overhaul (KR)
Current repairs are divided into maintenance car and current repair of units, assemblies and mechanisms.
Overhaul repairs are subdivided into overhaul of a car (trailer) as a whole and overhaul of units, assemblies and mechanisms.
The frequency of maintenance is standardized depending on the category of operating conditions.
With the average monthly run of the rolling stock, less than the frequency of TO-1, it is carried out at least once a month, and TO-2 at least twice a year.
A brief description of each type of maintenance and repair is given below.
Daily maintenance (EO) has its purpose to monitor the technical condition of rolling stock in order to ensure traffic safety on the roads, refueling with operating materials and maintaining the proper appearance of the rolling stock.
Daily maintenance carried out between shifts includes control and inspection work on control mechanisms, lighting devices, bodywork, cab, as well as cleaning, washing and wiping-drying operations and refueling with fuel, oil, compressed air and coolant.
The first and second technical services (TO-1 and TO-2) are intended to reduce the wear rate of vehicle units and mechanisms by timely identification of malfunctions and their prevention.
| Environment category | Characteristics of operating conditions | TO-1 | TO-2 |
| Frequency, km | |||
| 1 (lungs) | Country roads with predominantly asphalt concrete and other advanced hard surfaces in good condition | 1600-1800 | 8000-9000 |
| 2 (medium) | Country roads mainly with crushed stone, gravel, cobblestone and other stone coverings that are in satisfactory condition. Working in busy city traffic | 1300-1500 | 6500-7500 |
| 3 (heavy) | Unpaved, mountainous or faulty roads with crushed stone, gravel, cobblestone or other hard surfaces. Work in conditions of increased maneuvering (on the construction of roads, in quarries, pits, in logging) | 1000-1200 | 5000-6000 |
Note. For each category of operating conditions, the greatest frequency of maintenance is taken for cars and buses, the average between the largest and the smallest for flatbed trucks and the smallest for road trains and dump trucks
First maintenance (TO-1) consists in the external technical inspection of the entire car and the performance in the prescribed amount of control, fastening, adjusting, lubricating, electrical and refueling work with checking the operation of the engine, steering, brakes and other mechanisms on the move of the car without fail in between shifts periodically through the runs established depending on the operating conditions.
Second maintenance (TO-2) includes a more in-depth check of the condition of all mechanisms and devices of the car (with the removal of power devices and electrical equipment for monitoring and adjusting in workshops), performing fastening, adjusting, lubricating and other works in the prescribed amount, as well as checking units, mechanisms and devices on the move.
Car maintenance has its purpose to eliminate malfunctions by minor repairs or replacement of parts, assemblies and assemblies and is carried out as needed in between shifts without disruption normal mode car operation. During routine repairs, they eliminate damages and minor malfunctions found during the inspection of the car upon returning from the line, during maintenance or at the request of drivers.
Unit maintenance consists in eliminating its malfunctions by replacing or repairing damaged parts, except for the basic ones.
A basic part is called a part, the wear and damage of which has a major impact on the performance of the parts and assemblies or the unit as a whole associated with it. If the time required to repair the unit directly on the car exceeds the time required to replace it, the car is repaired in this case by replacing the faulty unit with a serviceable one.
Current repairs include disassembly and assembly, mechanical, electrical, copper, welding, blacksmithing and other works.
Car overhaul is produced according to the need, revealed as a result of technical inspection, and has the goal of fully restoring its technical condition in accordance with technical conditions. During this repair, most of the car's units, including the engine, and for passenger cars also the body, are at the same time subject to major overhauls. During a major overhaul, the car is completely disassembled into separate units, and the units - into units and parts. Parts of the disassembled unit are monitored and sorted into fit, needing repair and unusable. Defective parts are replaced with new ones, and parts requiring repair are restored. After being completed with parts, the units are assembled, tested and adjusted. With the impersonal repair method, the car is assembled from previously repaired units and subjected to a run test. The car is sent for overhaul in the case when most of its main units, including the cab and frame for trucks or the body for cars, require overhaul... During its entire service life, a car, as a rule, should be subjected to no more than two major repairs. As an exception, medium car repairs are allowed for difficult conditions operation In this case, the purpose of the average repair is to replace the engine (requiring overhaul), in-depth control of the technical condition of the car and troubleshooting of units and assemblies with the replacement or repair of parts, as well as body painting and other restoration work.
Major overhaul of the main units aims to restore their technical condition; this repair is carried out as needed in the case when the technical condition of the unit, due to significant wear of parts, has deteriorated greatly, does not ensure its normal operation and cannot be restored by current repair, as well as when the base part needs repair or replacement due to its condition.
Working programm
by discipline MDK 01.02 Maintenance and repair of road transport
for basic training
specialty 02.23.03 Maintenance and repair of road transport
graduate qualification technician
form of education full-time
1.1. Scope of the program
The program (hereinafter the work program) is a part of the main professional educational program of SVE in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in the specialty of SV 02.23.03 Maintenance and repair of road transport(basic training) in terms of mastering the main type of professional activity (VPA) and corresponding professional competencies (PC):
PC 1.1. Organize and carry out maintenance and repair work for vehicles.
PC 1.2.
1.2. Goals and objectives of the MDK - requirements for the results of mastering the MDK
In order to master the specified type of professional activity and the corresponding professional competencies, the student in the course of mastering the MDC must:
have practical experience:
development and assembly of vehicle units and assemblies;
technical control of the operated transport;
implementation of maintenance and repair.
be able to:
to develop and implement a technological process of maintenance and repair of vehicles;
carry out technical control of vehicles;
evaluate the efficiency of production activities;
carry out an independent search for the necessary information to solve professional problems;
analyze and assess the state of labor protection at the production site.
know:
device and fundamentals of the theory of rolling stock of road transport;
basic circuits for switching on elements of electrical equipment;
properties and quality indicators of automotive operating materials;
rules for registration of technical and reporting documentation;
qualifications, basic characteristics and technical specifications road transport;
methods of assessment and quality control in professional activities;
main provisions of the current regulatory documentation;
fundamentals of the organization of the enterprise and its management;
rules and norms of labor protection, industrial sanitation and fire protection.
MDK 01.02:
total -720 hours, including:
maximum study load of a student - 720 hours, including:
compulsory classroom teaching load of the student - 480 hours;
student's independent work - 240 hours;
laboratory and practical - 92 hours;
training practice - 288 hours.
2.Results of mastering MDK 01.02
The result of mastering the program is the mastery of students by the type of professional activity (VPA) Maintenance and repair of vehicles, including professional (PC) and general (OK) competencies:
| Name of the learning outcome |
|
| Organize and carry out maintenance and repair work for vehicles. |
|
| Carry out technical control during storage, operation, maintenance and repair vehicles. |
|
| Organize your own activities, choose standard methods and ways of performing professional tasks, evaluate their effectiveness and quality |
|
| Make decisions in standard and non-standard situations and be responsible for them. |
|
| Search and use the information necessary for the effective performance of professional tasks, professional and personal development |
|
| Use information and communication technologies to improve professional performance |
|
| Work both individually and in a team, communicate effectively with colleagues, management, consumers |
|
| Set goals, motivate the activities of subordinates, organize and control their work with taking responsibility for the result of completing tasks |
|
| To independently determine the tasks of professional and personal development, engage in self-education, consciously plan professional development |
|
| Navigate in the face of frequent technology changes in professional activities. |
|
| Perform military duty, including using the acquired professional knowledge (for young men) |
3. STRUCTURE and content of MDK 01.02
3.1. Thematic plan
| Professional competency codes | Names of sections of the professional module | Total hours | Amount of time allotted for the development of interdisciplinary course (s) | Practice |
|||||
| Mandatory classroom study load of the student | Student's independent work | Educational, | Production (according to the profile of the specialty), (if dispersed practice is envisaged) |
||||||
| Total, | incl. laboratory work and practical exercises, | Total, | including, term paper (project), |
||||||
| PC 1.1-1.3 | Section 1. | ||||||||
| PC 1.1-1.3 | Section 2. | ||||||||
| PC 1.1-1.3 | Section 3. Diagnostics of technical means of cars | ||||||||
| PC 1.1-1.3 | Section 4. Car repair | ||||||||
| Industrial practice, (by specialty profile), hours (if a final (concentrated) practice is provided) Study practice ..... | |||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||
| Names of sections of interdisciplinary courses (MDC) and topics | Clock volume | Development level |
|||||
| Section 1. | |||||||
| MDK 01. 02. Maintenance and repair of road transport | |||||||
| Introduction | |||||||
| Topic 1.1.Fundamentals of maintenance and repair of rolling stock | |||||||
| Vehicle reliability and durability | |||||||
| Maintenance and repair system of rolling stock. | |||||||
| Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport | |||||||
| Fundamentals of diagnosing the technical condition of cars | |||||||
| Topic 1.2.Technological and diagnostic equipment for technical maintenance and repair of cars | ||||
| General information about technological and diagnostic equipment, devices and tools. | ||||
| Equipment for harvesting, washing and cleaning works. | ||||
| Inspection and handling equipment. | ||||
| Equipment for lubrication and filling works. | ||||
| Equipment, fixtures and tools for disassembly and assembly works. | ||||
| Diagnostic equipment | ||||
| Topic 1.3. Technology of maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport | ||||
| Daily car maintenance | ||||
| Diagnosing the engine as a whole | ||||
| Maintenance and current repairs of crank and gas distribution mechanisms. | ||||
| Maintenance and repair of cooling and lubrication systems. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of the power supply system of carburetor engines. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of the diesel engine power system. | ||||
| Maintenance and routine repair of the power supply system for engines running on gas fuel. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of electrical equipment. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of the transmission. | ||||
| Maintenance and running repairs of the chassis and car tires. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of control mechanisms. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of bodies, cabins and platforms. | ||||
| Diagnostics of cars at posts of general and element-by-element diagnostics. | ||||
| Laboratory works | ||||
| Engine diagnostics using built-in devices. | ||||
| Maintenance and running repairs of the crank mechanism. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of the gas distribution mechanism. | ||||
| Maintenance and repair of the cooling system. | ||||
| Maintenance and repair of the engine lubrication system. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of power system devices removed from the engine | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of devices for cleaning and supplying fuel, air and exhaust gases. | ||||
| Identification and elimination of faults in the power supply system carburetor engine... Carburetor adjustment. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of fuel cleaning and supply devices, diesel engine power systems. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of air purification devices, diesel engine power systems. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of injectors, AMOVT injection pump. | ||||
| Determination and elimination of malfunctions of the diesel engine power system. | ||||
| Maintenance and current repair of the engine power supply system from gas cylinder units. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of power supply system devices. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of ignition system devices. | ||||
| Diagnostics of electrical devices using a tester. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of engine electric start devices. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of sound and light alarm devices, additional equipment and lighting devices. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of the clutch. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of gearboxes, cardan drives and driving axles. | ||||
| Diagnostics and installation of angles, adjustment of wheel alignment angles, pivot pivot angles. | ||||
| Checking and adjusting the clearances in pivots, ball bearings and wheel bearings, maintenance of the chassis. | ||||
| Vulcanization of chambers. Routine tire repair. | ||||
| Installation and dismantling of pneumatic tires. Wheel balancing. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of steering. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of power steering. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and routine repair braking systems hydraulically operated and parking brake. | ||||
| Diagnostics, maintenance and routine repair of pneumatic brake systems. | ||||
| General car diagnostics. | ||||
| Elementary car diagnostics. | ||||
| Topic 1.4. Organization of storage and accounting of rolling stock and inventory. | ||||
| Storage of rolling stock of road transport. | ||||
| Storage, accounting of production stocks and ways to reduce the cost of material and fuel and energy resources. | ||||
| Topic 1.5.Organization and management of maintenance and repair production. | ||||
| Classification trucking companies | ||||
| general characteristics technological process of maintenance and current repair of rolling stock. | ||||
| Organization of work of repair workers. | ||||
| Organization of vehicle maintenance. | ||||
| Organization of current car repair. | ||||
| Organization of quality control of maintenance and current repair of cars | ||||
| Topic 1.6. Automated control systems in the organization of maintenance and routine repair of road transport | ||||
| Forms and methods of organization and production management | ||||
| Automated control systems in the organization of maintenance and routine repair of cars | ||||
| Analysis and modeling of the production process of maintenance and repair of cars | ||||
| Automated workplace workers technical service a motor transport company. | ||||
| Laboratory works | ||||
| Drawing up a daily shift task for the repair team. | ||||
| Drawing up a plan for the dispatcher's report. | ||||
| Drawing up a shift-daily assignment for a production preparation site | ||||
| Calculation of the production program of maintenance and current repair on a computer using simulation programs. | ||||
| Analysis and solution of tasks of the type: AWP equipment for rolling stock, drawing up a reporting sheet. | ||||
| Topic 1.7. Basics of designing production sites of motor transport enterprises. | ||||
| Fundamentals of technological design of production sites of motor transport enterprises. | ||||
| Independent work when studying section 1 | ||
| Fulfillment of assignments for the preparation and design of sections of the course project. Implementation of individual assignments using technical and reference literature. |
||
| Correction of standards for maintenance and current repair of cars. Installation of ignition on a car. Automatic transmission. Diagnostics and maintenance automatic box gear changes. Modern equipment for diagnostics of the running gear of passenger cars. Shock test benches. Car tire markings. Anti-lock braking system (anti-lock braking system). Traction control system air wheels, (stabilization system). Body work. Body restoration after a traffic accident. Applied equipment. Means for anti-corrosion treatment of the body (brands and application technology). The classification scheme for cleaning and washing equipment. Classification of lifts. Factors affecting the progressiveness of technology maintenance and current repair of cars. Means of technical diagnostics of systems that ensure the safety of the car. Means of technical diagnostics of the engine, its systems and operating properties. Repair of electrical equipment. Repair of transmission units and parts. Repair of units and parts of the chassis of the car. Repair of units and parts of control mechanisms. Car tire repair. Cab, body repair. Development of parts recovery schemes. Solving problems for standardization. Calculation of the main users for the design of repair production areas. Development of sections of the course project and the implementation of drawings. |
| MDK 01.02. | |||||
| Introduction | |||||
| Topic 2.1. Automotive fuel | |||||
| The chemical composition of the fuel lubricants... Methods for obtaining petroleum fuels. | |||||
| Automobile gasolines. | |||||
| Automotive diesel fuels. | |||||
| Gas and oil motor fuels. | |||||
| Laboratory works | |||||
| Assessment of gasoline according to the passport, external signs. Analysis for the content of water-soluble acids and alkalis. Determination of the density of gasoline. Determination of the fractional composition of gasoline. | |||||
| Evaluation of diesel fuel according to passport data. Assessment of the presence of mechanical impurities and water. Determination of the kinematic viscosity of diesel fuel at 20 ° C. Determination of the pour point of diesel fuel. Determination of the brand of diesel fuel in accordance with GOST and the solution of the issue of its use. | |||||
| Topic 2.2. Automotive lubricants. | |||||
| Automotive lubricating oils. | |||||
| Automotive greases. | |||||
| Laboratory works. | |||||
| Evaluation of engine oils according to passport data. Determination of the presence of mechanical impurities. Determination of kinematic viscosity of oil at 50 ° C and 70 ° C. Determination of the viscosity index. Determination of the viscosity grade according to GOST and the solution of the issue of its application. Determination of the presence of water in engine oil. | |||||
| Evaluation of grease according to passport data. Test of grease for solubility in water and gasoline. Determination of the camp drop temperature of the lubricant. Establishing the brand of grease according to GOST and solving the issue of its use | |||||
| Topic 2.3.Automotive special fluids | |||||
| Laboratory works | |||||
| Evaluation of antifreeze sample according to passport data. Determination of the appearance and the presence of mechanical impurities. Determination of the composition and freezing point of antifreeze. |
|||||
| Topic 2.4. Organization of the rational use of fuel and lubricants in road transport. | |||||
| Organization of rational use of fuel and lubricants at road transport. | |||||
| Topic 2.5. Construction and repair materials. | |||||
| paints and varnishes | |||||
| Construction and operational materials | |||||
| Topic 2.6. Safety and environmental protection when using automotive consumables. | |||||
| Safety and environmental protection. | |||||
| Independent work when studying section 2 Systematic study of class abstracts, educational and special technical literature (on questions, paragraphs, chapters of textbooks compiled by the teacher). Preparation for laboratory / practical exercises using methodological recommendations drawn up by teachers. Preparation of reports on the performed laboratory work / practical exercises and preparation for their defense. Independent study of electronic resources. Execution of abstracts. Preparation of messages, reports on topics set by the teacher individually. Use of Internet resources. | |||||
| Extracurricular independent work Development automotive industry in Russia. Suspension of the car and power unit. Timing with lower valves. Coolants, oils for engines. Crankcase ventilation. Motor gasolines: neutralization of exhaust gases. Fuels for gas-cylinder vehicles. Diesel fuels. Detonation, the influence of various factors on detonation. Glow ignition. Exhaust gas toxicity. Ways to reduce toxicity. Features of the use of automotive operating materials in modern conditions. The main indicators of the quality of diesel fuels. Alternative fuels. Classification motor oils SAE and API. Transmission oils. Fluids for cooling systems. Fluids for hydraulic systems. Main measures to save fuels, oils, technical fluids in road transport. Influence of the quality of fuel and lubricants on the operation of rolling stock of road transport. Paints and varnishes. Toxicity and flammability of fuel and lubricants. Environmental monitoring. |
|||||
| Section 3 Diagnostics of technical means of cars. | ||||
| MDK 01.02. | ||||
| Introduction | ||||
| Diagnostics of technical means of cars. | ||||
| Fundamentals and organization of technical diagnostics of cars. | ||||
| Requirements for technical diagnostics of vehicles during operation. Diagnostic parameters and their classification. | ||||
| Construction of a diagnostic algorithm. General requirements for technical diagnostics (STD). | ||||
| Nomenclature of means of technical diagnostics. | ||||
| Organization of technical diagnostics of cars at motor transport enterprises. | ||||
| Norms of diagnostic parameters and their regulation. Accuracy and reliability of car diagnostics. | ||||
| Technology for diagnosing the technical condition of cars. | ||||
| General car diagnostics. Diagnostics of the crank and gas distribution mechanisms. | ||||
| Diagnostics of cooling and lubrication systems. | ||||
| Diagnostics of the devices of the power supply system of the carburetor engine and fuel injection systems. | ||||
| Diagnostics of the diesel engine power supply system. Diagnostics of preheaters. | ||||
| Diagnostics of power supply devices. Diagnostics of devices of the ignition system. | ||||
| Diagnostics of the starting system and lighting and signaling devices. | ||||
| Diagnostics of transmission mechanisms. | ||||
| Running gear diagnostics. Diagnosis of steering controls. | ||||
| Diagnostics of hydraulic brake systems. | ||||
| Diagnostics of systems with pneumatic drive. Diagnostics of additional equipment. | ||||
| Independent work when studying section 3 Systematic study of class abstracts, educational and special technical literature (on questions, paragraphs, chapters of textbooks compiled by the teacher). Preparation for laboratory / practical exercises using methodological recommendations drawn up by teachers. Preparation of reports on the performed laboratory work / practical exercises and preparation for their defense. Independent study of electronic resources. Execution of abstracts. Preparation of messages, reports on topics set by the teacher individually. Use of Internet resources. | ||||
| Approximate topics of extracurricular independent work Determination of the nomenclature of structural and diagnostic parameters. The choice of diagnostic parameters for assessing the technical condition of vehicles. Development of a block - diagram of structural - effect relationships in the chain of diagnostics. The main indicators of the reliability of technical diagnostics. Drawing up a table of means of technical diagnostics indicating: name, model, purpose. Typical types of work of express diagnostics. Limit values \u200b\u200bof the main diagnostic parameters of domestic cars and trucks. Car diagnostics based on parameters that determine braking dynamics. Diagnostics of the tightness of the valve seat in the seat. Diagnostics of the crankcase ventilation system. Drawing up a table of diagnostic parameters of the carburetor with an indication of their nominal and permissible values. Drawing up a table of diagnostic parameters of the diesel power system devices with an indication of their nominal and permissible values. Search for the reasons for the lack of fuel and air supply to the combustion chamber of the heater boiler and the slow heating of the engine. Execution of the alternator diagnostic circuit. Drawing up a table of diagnostic parameters of devices of a contactless ignition system. Drawing up a table of diagnostic parameters of starter devices. Drawing up a table of permissible and nominal diagnostic parameters of the vehicle chassis. Drawing up a technological chart for diagnostics of steering, brake systems with a hydraulic drive and a pneumatic drive vehicle. Diagnostics of the pump of the dump truck body lifting mechanism. |
||||
| Section 4 Car repair | ||||
| MDK 01.02. | ||||
| Introduction | ||||
| General Provisions car repair | ||||
| Fundamentals of the organization of major car repairs. | ||||
| Topic 4.2. Car overhaul technology. | ||||
| Acceptance of cars and units for repair and their external wash. | ||||
| Dismantling of vehicles and assemblies. | ||||
| Washing and cleaning of parts. | ||||
| Fault detection and sorting of parts. | ||||
| Completing parts. | ||||
| Assembly and testing of units. | ||||
| General assembly, testing and delivery of cars from repair. | ||||
| Laboratory works | ||||
| Cylinder block fault detection. | ||||
| Crankshaft defective. |
||||
| Camshaft fault. |
||||
| Connecting rod fault. |
||||
| Fault detection of spur gears and splined shafts. |
||||
| Fault detection of rolling and plain bearings. Spring fault detection. |
||||
| Completion of pistons with cylinder liners. |
||||
| Completion of parts for the crank mechanism. |
||||
| Practical work. | ||||
| Calculation of size groups when completing pistons with cylinder liners. |
||||
| Topic 4.3. Ways to restore parts. | ||||
| Classification of methods for restoring parts. | ||||
| Restoration of parts by metalwork and mechanical processing. | ||||
| Restoration of parts by pressure. | ||||
| Restoration of parts by welding and surfacing. | ||||
| Restoration of parts by spraying. | ||||
| Restoration of parts by soldering. | ||||
| Restoration of parts by electroplating. | ||||
| Restoration of parts using synthetic materials. | ||||
| Topic 4.4. Technology for the restoration of parts, repair of units and devices. | ||||
| General Provisions. | ||||
| Development of repair technological processes | ||||
| Repair of parts of the class "body parts" | ||||
| Repair of parts of the class "round bars and bars with shaped surface" | ||||
| Repair of parts of the class "hollow cylinders" | ||||
| Repair of parts of the class "discs with a smooth perimeter" | ||||
| Repair of parts of the class "non-circular bars" | ||||
| Repair of units and devices of cooling and lubrication systems. | ||||
| Repair of units and devices of power systems. | ||||
| Repair of electrical equipment. | ||||
| Car tire repair. | ||||
| Body and cab repair. | ||||
| Repair quality management. | ||||
| Laboratory works | ||||
| Cylinder block boring. | ||||
| Honing of the cylinder block. | ||||
| Repair of valve seats. | ||||
| Course design | ||||
| Engine maintenance and repair. MOT and gearbox repair. | ||||
| Maintenance and repair of gas-powered vehicles. Maintenance and repair of KShM. | ||||
| Starter maintenance and repair. Maintenance and repair of the chassis. | ||||
| Car cooling system maintenance and repair. Maintenance and repair of the timing. | ||||
| Maintenance and repair of the brake system of cars. Maintenance and repair of the engine power supply system. | ||||
| Maintenance and repair of car ignition systems. Maintenance and repair of the diesel engine power system. | ||||
| Independent work when studying section 4 Systematic study of class abstracts, educational and special technical literature (on questions, paragraphs, chapters of textbooks compiled by the teacher). Preparation for laboratory / practical exercises using methodological recommendations drawn up by teachers. Preparation of reports on the performed laboratory work / practical exercises and preparation for their defense. Independent study of electronic resources. Execution of abstracts. Preparation of messages, reports on topics set by the teacher individually. Use of Internet resources. | ||||
| Extracurricular independent work Restoration of parts to repair size. Reconditioning of parts with additional repair parts. Restoration of parts by welding, surfacing. Restoration of parts by soldering. Restoration of parts using synthetic materials. Restoration of parts by spraying and electroplating. Restoration of parts with paintwork. Restoration of engine parts. Repair of units and devices of the engine power system. Repair of units and devices of the cooling system. Repair of units and devices of the lubrication system. Repair of electrical equipment. Repair of transmission units and parts. Repair of units and parts of the chassis of the car. Repair of units and parts of control mechanisms. Car tire repair. Cab, body repair. Development of parts recovery schemes. Solving problems for standardization. Calculation of the main users for the design of repair production areas. Development of sections of the course project and the implementation of drawings |
||||
4. conditions for the implementation of MDK 01.02 4.1. Minimum Logistics Requirements
The implementation of the module program assumes the presence of classrooms - "Maintenance and repair of cars"; laboratories - "Electrical equipment of cars", "Automotive operating materials", "Engines internal combustion"," Car maintenance "," Car repair ".
| Car maintenance |
||
| engine models; |
||
| car layout. |
||
| computers; |
||
| projector, |
||
| consumables. |
||
| Automotive operating materials |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| teacher's workplace; |
||
| technical documentation; |
||
| methodical documentation; |
||
Main sources:
Organization of production of technical maintenance and current repair of cars - a textbook for students of SPO / V.M. Vinogradov, I.V. Bukhteeva, V.N. Repin, A.A. Sokolov - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.
INFRA-M, 2006
M .: FORUM - INFRA-M, 2006.
Additional sources:
protection. Body. Part 2.
in 2 parts, 2009
5. Monitoring and evaluation of the results of the development of MDK
| results | ||
| PC 1.1. Organize and carry out maintenance and repair of vehicles | Expert assessment of implementation practical assignment Defense of the course project |
|
| Expert assessment of implementation practical assignment Defense of the course project |
||
| PC 1.3. To develop technological processes for the repair of units and parts. | Expert assessment of implementation practical assignment Defense of the course project |
| results | Main indicators for assessing the result | Forms and methods of control and evaluation |
| Understand the essence and social significance of your future profession, show a steady interest in it | ||
| results (mastered general competences) | Main indicators for assessing the result | Forms and methods of control and evaluation |
| Observation and assessment of achievements while performing tasks on laboratory and practical exercises, during the training and industrial practice; |
||
| Observation and assessment of achievements while performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice; Assessment of achievements based on the results of performing extracurricular independent work. |
||
| Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. |
||
| Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. Observation and evaluation of achievements based on the results of activities in extracurricular activities. |
||
| results (mastered general competences) | Main indicators for assessing the result | Forms and methods of control and evaluation |
| Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. |
||
| Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. |
||
4. Conditions for the implementation of MDK 01.02
4.1. Minimum Logistics Requirements
The implementation of the module program assumes the presence of classrooms - "Car construction", "Maintenance and repair of cars"; workshops - "Forging and welding", "Turning and mechanical"; laboratories - "Electrical equipment of cars", "Automotive operating materials", "Internal combustion engines", "Maintenance of cars", "Car repair".
Equipment of classrooms and workplaces of classrooms:
| Car maintenance |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| stands for checking the maintenance of mechanisms and systems; |
||
| engine models; |
||
| car layout. |
||
| Technical training aids: |
||
| computer desk for the teacher; |
||
| computers; |
||
| projector, |
||
| general and professional software. |
||
| Equipment for workshops and workshop workplaces |
||
| Forging and welding |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| teacher's workplace; |
||
| forge forge; |
||
| anvils, equipment for the production of blacksmiths (hammers, sledgehammers, pliers, etc.) |
||
| welding machines for the production of welding (gas, electric) |
||
| consumables (electrodes, carbide, etc.) |
||
| Turning and mechanical |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| teacher's workplace; |
||
| lathes, milling, sharpening, etc .; |
||
| workpieces for turning work; |
||
| tools; |
||
| consumables. |
||
| Equipment of laboratories and laboratory workplaces: |
||
| Electrical equipment of cars |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| teacher's workplace; |
||
| a set of educational and methodological documentation; |
||
| control and test stands for checking the technical condition of units and parts of electrical equipment of cars; |
||
| battery chargers; |
||
| demonstration stands of electrical equipment systems; |
||
| nodes and parts; |
||
| instrumentation. |
||
| Automotive operating materials |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| teacher's workplace; |
||
| technical documentation; |
||
| methodical documentation; |
||
| instruments and equipment for determining the quality of fuels and lubricants; |
||
| devices for determining the mechanical properties of fuels and lubricants; |
||
| microscopes, heating ovens, refrigerator; |
||
| samples of tested fuels and lubricants \\ |
||
| Internal combustion engines |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| teacher's workplace; |
||
| technical documentation; |
||
| methodical documentation; |
||
| internal combustion engine; |
||
| stand for taking the traction characteristics of the engine. |
||
| Car maintenance |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| teacher's workplace; |
||
| stands for checking the maintenance of mechanisms and systems; |
||
| engine models; |
||
| car layout; |
||
| devices and equipment for diagnostics of an internal combustion engine, transmission, running gear, steering and brake systems |
||
| Car repair |
||
| jobs by the number of students; |
||
| teacher's workplace; |
||
| sets of measuring instruments; |
||
| nodes and parts for fault detection; |
||
| workbenches for fastening parts. |
||
The implementation of the module program assumes mandatory industrial practice, which is recommended to be carried out in a concentrated manner.
4.2. Information support of training
Main sources:
Cars: The device of automobile means: a textbook for students. institutions SPO / A.G. Puzankov 6th edition, erased. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.
Cars: Design, theory and calculation. Textbook for open source software. Puzankov A.G. Moscow: publishing center "Academy", 2007.
Quality control of automotive operating materials; workshop: textbook for students of secondary vocational education / Gelenov A.A., Sochevko T.I., Spirkin V.G. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.
Automotive maintenance materials - a textbook for students of SPO / Gelenov A.A., Sochevko T.I., Spirkin V.G. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.
Cars: Operational properties: Textbook for stud. higher. uch. institutions / V.K. Vakhlamov - 2nd edition, ster.-M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2006.
Organization of production of technical maintenance and current repair of cars - a textbook for students of SPO / V.M. Vinogradov, I.V. Bukhteeva, V.N. Repin, A.A. Sokolov - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.
Car maintenance and repair. Vlasov V.M. Textbook. M .: Academy, 2007.
Peculiarities of maintenance of KAMAZ vehicles with engines of EURO-2, EURO-3 5460-3902901 TO. 2008
Fundamentals of the performance of technical systems. Automobile transport - textbook / V.G. Atapin - Novosibirsk: publishing house of NSTU, 2007.
Maintenance and repair of road transport (Diploma design) / Svetlov M.V. M .: KNORUS. 2011
Car repair (Course design) / Skepyan S.A.M .: INFRA-M. 2011
Professional repair of internal combustion engines. Gavrilov K.L. M .: FORUM. 2011
Organization of production of technical maintenance and current repair of cars - a textbook for students of SPO / V.M. Vinogradov, I.V. Bukhteeva, V.N. Repin, A.A. Sokolov - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.
Car and engine repair. Karagodin V.I., Mitrokhin N.N. M .: "Academy". 2008
15. Vehicle device. Tutorial. / Perederiy V.P. M .: FORUM
INFRA-M, 2006
16. The device of cars. Tutorial. / Stukanov V.A., Leontiev K.N.
M .: FORUM - INFRA-M, 2006.
Additional sources:
Acceptance for repair, repair and release from repair of VAZ car bodies by car service enterprises. Technical conditions. (TU4538-140-00232934-98) (current document).
2. Technological charts, time norms for routine and post repairs of NefAZ 5299 buses, produced on the KamAZ-5297 chassis.
3. Technological maps for the current repair of KamAZ vehicles, models: 5320, 5410, 5511, 4310, 43105 and their modifications (5 parts).
4. Typical technology for performing routine maintenance of the daily first, second and seasonal maintenance of the vehicle "ZIL-4331".
5. Distributed fuel injection systems for VAZ vehicles - device and diagnostics. Maintenance and repair technology.
6. Electronic system control of the engine of cars of the families LADA 110, LADASAMARA, LADA 2105, 2107 with the controller М73 EURO-3 - device and diagnostics.
7. Electronic engine control system for cars of the LADAPRIORA, LADAKALINA, LADA 4x4 families with a controller М7.9.7 EURO-3 - device and diagnostics
Fuel and lubricant consumption rates for automobile
VAZ cars. Repair technology, painting and anti-corrosion
protection. Body. Part 2.
VAZ cars. Removal and installation technology. Components and assemblies.
A short automobile reference book. Volume 1. Buses. 2002 2nd
edition, revised and supplemented, 2007
12. Brief automobile reference book. Volume 2. Trucks,
13. A short automobile reference book. Volume 3. Cars,
in 2 parts, 2009
14. Instructions for the maintenance and care of buses "Ikarus
15. Catalog of special tools and accessories for technical
service and repair of LADA cars.
18. Typical norms of time for routine repair of family cars
4.3. General requirements for the organization of the educational process
A prerequisite for admission to industrial practice (according to the profile of the specialty) within the professional module "Maintenance and repair of vehicles" is the development of educational material in the relevant sections of the module.
When working on a course project, students are provided with advice.
4.4. Staffing of the educational process
Requirements for the qualifications of pedagogical (engineering and pedagogical) personnel providing training in an interdisciplinary course (s): availability of higher professional education corresponding to the profile of the module "Maintenance and repair of vehicles" and specialty "Maintenance and repair of road transport".
Requirements for the qualifications of teaching staff who manage practice
Engineering and teaching staff: graduates - teachers of interdisciplinary courses.
Masters: the presence of 5-6 qualification categories with mandatory internship in specialized organizations at least once every 3 years. Work experience in organizations of the relevant professional field is required.
5. Control and assessment of the results of development (type of professional activity)
| results (mastered professional competencies) | Main indicators for assessing the result | Forms and methods of control and evaluation |
| Organize and carry out maintenance and repair work for vehicles. | Performing maintenance and repair work in accordance with technological maps. Practical use of technological and organizational equipment. Compliance with safety requirements and rules and regulations of labor protection, industrial sanitation and fire protection | Expert assessment of implementation practical assignment Defense of the course project |
| Carry out technical control during storage, operation, maintenance and repair of vehicles. | quality control of maintenance and repair at various stages using appropriate equipment and tools the ability to check the quality and properties of automotive operating materials | Expert assessment of implementation practical assignment Defense of the course project |
| To develop technological processes for the repair of units and parts. | Ability to develop technological processes for the repair of units and parts in accordance with GOSTs, OSTs and TUs. | Expert assessment of implementation practical assignment Defense of the course project |
The forms and methods of monitoring and evaluating learning outcomes should allow checking in students not only the formation of professional competencies, but also the development of general competencies and the skills that provide them.
| results (mastered general competences) | Main indicators for assessing the result | Forms and methods of control and evaluation |
| Understand the essence and social significance of your future profession, show a steady interest in it | Demonstration of interest in the future profession in the process of mastering the educational program, participation in research work, Olympiads, festivals, conferences | Observation and assessment of achievements while performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice; Assessment of achievements based on the results of extracurricular independent work; |
| results (mastered general competences) | Main indicators for assessing the result | Forms and methods of control and evaluation |
| Observation and evaluation of achievements based on the results of activities in extracurricular activities. |
||
| Organize your own activities, choose standard methods and ways of performing professional tasks, evaluate their effectiveness and quality. | Selection and application of methods and methods for solving professional problems in the field of organizing the process; Evaluation of the effectiveness and quality of the performance of professional tasks. | Observation and assessment of achievements while performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during the period of educational and industrial practice. |
| Make decisions in standard and non-standard situations and be responsible for them. | The correctness and objectivity of the assessment of non-standard and emergency situations. | Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. |
| Search for and use the information necessary for the effective implementation of professional tasks, professional and personal development | Effectively search, enter and use the necessary information to complete professional tasks | Observation and assessment of achievements while performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice; Assessment of achievements based on the results of performing extracurricular independent work. |
| Use information and communication technologies in professional activities | The use of information and communication technologies for solving professional problems | Observation and assessment of achievements while performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice; Assessment of achievements based on the results of performing extracurricular independent work. |
| Work in a team and in a team, communicate effectively with colleagues, management, consumers | Interaction with students and teachers during training. | Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. |
| Take responsibility for the work of team members (subordinates), the result of assignments. | Ability to make joint informed decisions, including in non-standard situations | Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. Observation and evaluation of achievements based on the results of activities in extracurricular activities. |
| results (mastered general competences) | Main indicators for assessing the result | Forms and methods of control and evaluation |
| Determine independently the tasks of professional and personal development, engage in self-education, consciously plan professional development | Organization of self-study while studying the professional module; Planning for students to improve their qualifications in the field of road transport. | Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. Assessment of achievements based on the results of performing extracurricular independent work. |
| To navigate in the conditions of frequent changes in technologies in professional activities | Application of innovative technologies in the field of organization of technical maintenance and repair of vehicles. | Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice. |
| Fulfill military duty, including with the application of the acquired professional knowledge (for young men) | Expression of interest in the performance of military duty; The manifestation of logical thinking. | Observation and assessment of achievements during the performance of tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during training and industrial practice, military training |
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR CONSTRUCTION AND Housing and Utilities.
Far Eastern State Interregional Industrial and Economic College.
Specialty: 1705.
"Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles".
Course work
on the subject:
Industry economics
Option number 9
Checked: Completed:
teacher: student of group TOPA - 51
/ Lapteva S.V ../ / Kopeikin V.A. /
"" 2005 "" 2005
Khabarovsk.
Introduction.
1.1. Description of the enterprise.
2. Settlement part.
2.1. Calculation of the wage fund.
2.1.2. Calculation of the wage fund for auxiliary workers.
2.1.3. Calculation of the wage fund for foremen and employees.
2.2. Calculation of the unified social tax.
2.3. Calculation of costs for materials and spare parts.
2.5. Cost calculation and calculation for 1000 km of run.
Conclusion on the project.
1. Settlement - explanatory note.
1.1 Introduction.
Automobile transport is of great importance as it serves all sectors of the national economy. Passenger traffic by buses and cars on intracity, suburban and international routes increases annually. In our country, the range of transportation of goods and passengers is continuously increasing due to the improvement of the performance of cars, the improvement of highways and the construction of new ones. The production of trucks and road trains of increased carrying capacity is significantly increasing - the most important reserve for increasing the efficiency of using road transport, since its productivity increases and the cost of transportation, and hence the cost of goods, decreases.
To successfully solve the assigned tasks by road transport, it is necessary to constantly maintain cars in good technical condition, create a maintenance organization that would provide for the timely and high quality performance of all car care operations. At the same time, it is necessary to use the correct techniques for performing each operation and widely use mechanization means. Qualified performance of maintenance works ensures trouble-free operation of units, assemblies and systems of vehicles, increases their reliability and maximum overhaul mileage, increases productivity, reduces fuel consumption, reduces transportation costs, and improves traffic safety.
Improving the quality of services by accelerating the pace of scientific and technological progress based on the reconstruction of existing enterprises and the widespread introduction of new equipment and advanced technology, rational forms and methods of organizing production and labor, providing spare parts, effective management of production activities and quality control of work. The development and improvement of auto repair production requires the correct organization of car repair, which in turn depends on a number of factors, the most important of which is the rational location of repair enterprises, their specialization and productive capacity... The efficiency of using vehicles depends on the perfection of the organization of the transport process and the properties of vehicles to maintain within certain limits the values \u200b\u200bof the parameters characterizing their ability to perform the required functions. During the operation of the car, its functional properties gradually deteriorate due to wear, corrosion, damage to parts, fatigue of the material from which they are made, etc. Various malfunctions appear in the car, which reduce the efficiency of its use.
To prevent the appearance of defects and their timely elimination, the car is subjected to maintenance (MOT) and repair. MOT is a complex of operations or an operation to maintain the health or serviceability of a car when used as intended during parking, storage or transportation.
Repair is a complex of operations to restore performance and restore the resource of a car or its component parts.
1.2. Characteristics of the design object.
HPATP-1 is a municipal enterprise, and is subsidized. It is located in the city of Khabarovsk at the address: Prospect 60-letiya Oktyabrya 17. To calculate the cost of work on the electric starter repair section, a group of indicators of initial data for design is taken. From the design assignment is accepted:
· Type of rolling stock LiAZ-5226;
· Ai - the average listed (inventory) number of cars 153 units;
· Lcc - average daily mileage of the car 153 km;
· 
Natural and climatic conditions of operation (moderately cold - 0.9);
· Drg - the number of working days in a year 365;
· Тн - the duration of the rolling stock on the line 12.3 hours.
Li - coefficient of production of cars per line 0.8
· 
Tob.pr. - labor intensity of the projected section (electrical workshop for the repair of starters) - 9046.2 people / hour.
S - area of \u200b\u200bthe site (zone) - 36m2
· Correction of standards are taken from the Regulation.
K1 - coefficients for adjusting the standards depending on the category of operating conditions - (0.8) table. 2.8 & 2.7;
· К2 - coefficient of standard correction depending on the modification of the rolling stock and the organization of its work - (1) table. 2.9;
K3 is the coefficient for adjusting standards depending on natural and climatic conditions and aggressiveness of the environment - (0.9)
List of required equipment, indicating the power of the pantographs:
2. Settlement part.
2.1. Calculation of the wage fund for repair workers.
To determine the cost of remuneration of repair workers, a time-based bonus wage system is proposed.
Calculation of the number of main workers.
The number of repair workers at the design facility Nrr people is determined by the formula:
people we accept 3 people. (1)
where; Tob.pr. - labor intensity at the design object, person / hour;
FRV - fund of working time of one worker, hour
FRV \u003d [Dk - (Dv + Dpr + Dot + Db + Dgo)] * tcm - (Dpv + Dpr) * t, (2)
where; Dk - the planned period, Dk \u003d 365 days;
Dv - weekend, Dv - 52 days;
Дпр - holiday according to the calendar, Дпр \u003d 11дп;
DB - days of absence from work due to illness and other good reasons, DB \u003d 5 days;
Dgo days of absence from work in connection with the performance of general economic and state tasks, Dgo \u003d 1 day;
Dot - vacation days; Dot - 31 days
tcm - shift duration; tсm - 12.6
Dvp - pre-weekend days (Saturdays); DVP - 52 days
Дпр - pre-holiday days according to the calendar;
t - The time of the shortened working day. 1 hour.
FRV \u003d * 12.6 - (52 + 11) * 11.6 \u003d 2070 hours.
2.2 We make the distribution of workers by categories in accordance with the types of work performed.
Table No. 1
Calculation of the average discharge Rav, is performed according to the formula;
(1)
where; N 1 - N 6 - respectively, the number of repair workers, people;
R 1 - R 6 - corresponding digits;
Npp - the number of repair workers, people.
When calculating the hourly tariff rates for repair workers of 2-6 categories, the calculation is made according to the formula:
(2)
where; - hourly tariff rate of the 1st category;
Ktar is the tariff coefficient of the corresponding category.
 |
Hourly tariff rate of the 3rd category Hour, rub., Is calculated by the formula:
Hourly tariff rate of the 4th category Hour, rub., Is calculated by the formula:
The calculation of the average hourly wage rate with a fractional value of the average category of rubles is carried out according to the formula;
(3)
where; Cm - tariff rate of the lower of two adjacent categories, rubles;
Sat - tariff rate of the largest of the adjacent categories, rubles;
Кр - fractional part of the category.
Payroll at the tariff rate.
The calculation of the wage fund at the wage rate of the FZPt, rubles, is carried out according to the formula:
FZPt \u003d Ssr * Tob.p., (4)
Where; Сср - average hourly tariff rate, rubles;
Tob.p. - labor intensity at the design object.
FZPt \u003d 7.47 * 5896.4 \u003d 44,046.1 rubles.
Calculation of surcharges and bonuses.
Additional payments for unfavorable working conditions Dnebl.usl.t. - 10% in jobs with difficult and hazardous working conditions. Calculation of additional payments for repair workers, according to the formula;
where; Сч - the average hourly rate of the repair worker, rubles.
FRV - working time fund, hour
Pnebl.service.t. - percentage of additional payment for unfavorable working conditions,%
Npp - and the number of repair workers, people
Calculation of additional payments for work in the evening hours.
The surcharge is calculated using the formula;
where; 20 - the amount of additional payment for work in the evening,%
TWh is the number of hours worked by one person in the evening, i.e. from 18 to 22 hours.
Drvch - the number of working days per year with work in the evening, days.
Npp - the number of repair workers working in the evening, hour.
Сч - average hourly tariff rate, rubles.
Award for exceeding quantitative indicators and quality of work.
The amount of the premium P, rubles, is calculated by the formula;
(7)
where; FZPt - payroll according to the tariff, rubles; npr - premium rate, n \u003d 50%
Calculation of basic wages.
The calculation of the basic salary of FOZPrr is calculated by the formula:
FZPrr \u003d FZPt + D + P (8)
where; FZPt - wage fund at the tariff rate, rubles;
P - premium for repair workers;
D - surcharges.
D \u003d 4123.44 rubles.
FOZPRr \u003d 44046 + 4123.4 + 22023 \u003d 70192 rubles.
Calculation of additional wages.
The rate of additional wages Ndop. %, calculated by the formula;
(9)
where; Dot - duration of paid vacation, 31 days;
Dk - calendar period, 365 days;
Dv - the number of Sundays, 52 days;
Дпр - number of holidays, 11 days.
Additional wages fund FD, rubles, is calculated by the formula;
(10)
where; FOZPRr - basic wages fund for repair workers, rubles,
Ndop - the rate of additional wages.
 |
2.1.1. Calculation of the wage fund for repair workers.
The calculation of the wage fund payroll, rubles, is made according to the formula:
FOTrr \u003d (FOZPrr + FDZPrr) * 1.5 (11)
where; FOZPRr - basic wages fund for repair workers, rubles;
ФДЗПрр - fund of additional wages of repair workers, rubles;
1.5 is the sum of the regional coefficient (1.2) and the seniority bonus (30%).
FOTrr \u003d (70192.4 + 8703.8) * 1.5 \u003d 118344.31 rubles.
Calculation of the average monthly wage of one worker, salary, rub. produced by the formula:
(12)
where; FOTrr - wage fund;
Npp is the number of workers;
12 is the number of months in a year.
2.1.2. Calculation of the wage fund for auxiliary workers, foremen and employees.
The wage fund for auxiliary workers at the wage rate of FZPvr, rubles, is calculated by the formula;
(13)
 |
Where; Tvr - wage rate of the auxiliary worker;
Tob.p. - labor intensity at the design object;
20 - the rate of labor intensity of auxiliary work,%.
Auxiliary worker bonuses.
The calculation of bonuses to auxiliary workers Pr.vr., rubles, is carried out according to the formula;
(14)
where; nвр - the bonus rate for auxiliary workers, 10% lower than that of repair workers (40%).
FZP time. - wage fund for auxiliary workers at the tariff rate, rubles.
Basic wages of auxiliary workers.
The calculation of the basic wage fund for auxiliary workers of the FOZPvr, rubles, is carried out according to the formula;
FZPvr \u003d FZPvr + PR.vr. (fifteen)
where; ФЗПвр - wage fund for auxiliary workers at the tariff rate, rubles;
Prvr. - bonus to auxiliary workers, rubles.
FOZPvr \u003d 3523.68 + 8809.22 \u003d 12332.9 rubles.
Additional wages for auxiliary workers.
The calculation of the additional wages fund for auxiliary workers of the FDZP, rubles, is made according to the formula:
(16)
Ndop - the rate of additional wages, is taken the same for repair and auxiliary workers, 11.44%.
Wage fund for auxiliary workers.
The calculation of the wage fund for auxiliary workers of the payroll, rubles, is carried out according to the formula:
FOTvr \u003d (FZP \u003d FDZPvr) * 1.5 (17)
where; FOZPvr - basic wages fund for auxiliary workers, rubles;
ФДЗПвр - fund of additional wages of auxiliary workers, rubles;
Payoff \u003d (12332.9 + 1529.2) * 1.5 \u003d 20793.5 rubles.
Calculation of the wage fund for foremen and employees.
The wage fund of the FZPm.s. is calculated by the formula:
FZPm.s. \u003d 0.05 * Npp * Report * Nmonth. (eighteen)
where; 0.05 - the rate of foremen and employees per worker;
Npp - the number of repair workers, people;
Report - monthly salary of one employee, rubles. We accept; 2500 RUB
Nmonth - the number of months, 12 months.
 |
FZPm.s. \u003d 0.05 * 3 * 2000 * 12 \u003d 3600 rubles.
Awards for craftsmen and employees.
Calculation of the premium for masters and employees PM.s. rub., is carried out according to the formula;
(19)
where; FZPm.s. - salary fund for foremen and employees by salary, rubles;
nm.s. - premium rate, 10% higher than that of repair workers (60%).
Basic wages for foremen and employees.
The basic wages fund for foremen and employees, rubles, is determined by the formula:
FOZPm.s. \u003d FZPm.s. + Pm.s. (20)
where; FZPm.s. - ITS wage fund by salary, rub.
Pm.s. - award for engineering and technical employees.
FOZPm.s. \u003d 3600 + 2160 \u003d 5760 rubles.
Additional salary.
The additional wages fund for foremen and employees of FDZPm.s, rubles, is determined by the formula;
(21)
where; Ndop - the rate of additional wages of foremen and employees,%; 12.4%
FOZPm.s. - fund of basic wages of foremen and employees, rubles.
2.1.3. Salary fund for foremen and employees.
The calculation of the wage fund for foremen and employees of the FOTm.s., rubles, is carried out according to the formula;
FOTm.s. \u003d (FOZPm.s. + FDZPm.s.) * 1.5 (22)
where; FOZPm.s. - fund of basic wages of foremen and employees, rubles.
FDZPm.s. - fund of additional wages of foremen and employees, rubles;
1.5 - the sum of the regional coefficient and the seniority bonus.
FOTm.s. \u003d (5760 + 771.84) * 1.5 \u003d 9797.76 rubles.
General payroll fund.
The general wage fund, rubles, is determined by the form;
PHOTOTS \u003d PHOTr.R. + PHOTOV.r. + PHOTM.s. (23)
where; FOTm.s. - wages fund for foremen and employees, rubles;
FOTvr - fund for the payment of auxiliary workers, rubles;
FOTrr - pay fund for repair workers, rubles
FOTtotal \u003d 9797.76 + 118344.31 + 16191.36 \u003d 148,935.07 rubles.
2.2. Unified social tax.
The calculation of the unified social tax Sesn. Is made according to the formula;
(24)
where; PHOTotch - general wage fund, rubles;
H - tax rate as a percentage. 26%.
We enter the calculation in table number 2
The structure of the wage fund.
Table No. 2.
| Name |
Value, rub. |
||
| Repair workers |
Auxiliary workers |
Craftsmen and employees |
|
| 1.the payroll at the tariff rate (salary) |
|||
| 2.extra payments for unfavorable working conditions |
|||
| 3. additional payments for work: |
|||
| * in nighttime |
|||
| * in evening time |
|||
| 4. surcharges for brigadier |
|||
| 6.fund of basic wages |
|||
| 7.fund of additional wages |
|||
| 8. wage fund, rub. |
|||
| 9. general wage fund, rub. |
|||
| 10.uniform social tax (UST) |
|||
2.3. Calculation of costs for spare parts and repair materials.
Spare parts costs.
Spare parts costs Spare parts. rubles, calculated by the formula;
where; Nzch - the rate of costs for spare parts per 1000 km, mileage, rubles;
(8.17 rubles) [page 30 annex No. 4. (1)]
Ltot - the annual mileage of a car of this brand, km; (LiAZ-5226)
Ltot \u003d 153 * 123 * 365 \u003d 8544285 km;
K1, K2, K3, - correction factors (K1 \u003d 08, K2 \u003d 1, K3 \u003d 0.9) [page 26, page 27, 2].
Kinf - inflation rate, we take equal to 25%.
Nuch.z.ch. - the percentage of the cost of spare parts attributable to this section is 8%
The cost of repair materials.
The calculation of the cost of repair materials Srm, rubles, is made for each brand, is determined by the formula;
(26)
where; Нрм - the norm of expenses for repair materials per 1000 km. mileage, rub. (8.13 rub.) p. 30;
Nuch.rm - the percentage of the cost of repair materials attributable to this area%, if zones EO1, TO1, TO2, TP, this percentage is not accepted.
Kinf - inflation rate, we take equal to 25% .;
Ltot is the annual mileage of a car of this brand, km.
The costs are summed up.
The calculation results are summarized in Table 4.
Table No. 4.
| Rolling stock brand name |
Total mileage, km |
Cost rate |
|||
| Zap. parts, rub. |
Rem. mater., rub. |
Zap. parts, rub. |
Rem. mater., rub. |
||
2.4. Calculation of overhead costs.
Electricity calculations.
The annual consumption of power electricity Qes, kW, is determined by the formula;
(27)
where; Rob is the sum of the equipment power, 3.9 kW;
FRVob - equipment working time fund;
K3 - equipment load factor, 0.5 - 0.8, we take equal to \u003d 0.5;
Кс - demand coefficient, 0.3 - 1, we take equal to \u003d 1;
Кnс - loss coefficient in networks, 08 - 0.9, we take equal to \u003d 0.8;
Кng - coefficient of losses in the engine, 09 - 0.98, taken equal to \u003d 0.9;
Rob \u003d 0.4 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 0.5 \u003d 3.9 kW. (the sum of equipment power).
Fund of working time of equipment FRVob., Is determined by the formula;
FRVob \u003d Dr * tcm * ncm; (38)
where; Dr - days of work of the unit, days. 365days:
tcm - duration of equipment operation, we take 6 hours;
ncm - number of shifts. One-shift.
FRVob \u003d 365 * 6 * 1 \u003d 2190;
Annual electricity consumption for lighting Qeos, kW, is determined by the formula;
(29)
where; 25 - the rate of electricity consumption per 1 m 2, W;
Foc - lighting area, (plot area - 36 m 2);
Tos - hours of lighting per year.
Lighting hours per year Tos, h, are determined depending on the shift of work:
Tos \u003d Dr * tos; (thirty)
where; tos - lighting time per day, hour, we take 8 hours;
Dr - days of operation of the site per year, days, we accept 365 days.
Tos \u003d 365 * 8 \u003d 2920 hours.
The calculation of the cost of electricity Se, rubles, is made according to the formula;
Se \u003d (Qes + Qeos) * CkW; (31)
where; CkW - the price per 1 kW in current prices, we take 1.5 rubles;
Qes - annual power energy consumption, kW;
Qeos - electricity for lighting, kW.
Se \u003d (5931 + 2628) * 1.5 \u003d 12838.5 rubles.
Heating costs.
Heating costs Sotop, rubles, are calculated by the formula;
Sotop \u003d Fuch * C * M (32)
where; Fuch - area of \u200b\u200bthe site, we take 36 m 2;
C - the price for heating 1m 2, we accept 14 rubles;
M - the number of heated months in a year, we take 7 months.
Sotop \u003d 36 * 14 * 7 \u003d 3528 rubles.
Water supply costs.
The calculation of the cost of water supply Sv, rubles, is made according to the formula;
Sv \u003d (Nr * Npp + Nm 2 * F) * Dr * Tsl; (33)
where; Нр - the rate of water consumption per worker per 1 shift, we take 30 liters;
Npp - the number of repair workers on the site, 4 people;
Nm 2 - the daily rate of water consumption per 1 m 2 of the production area, we take 1.5 liters;
F - the area of \u200b\u200bthe site, we take 36 m 2;
Dr - days of work of the site per year, 365 days;
Tsl - the price of 1 liter of water in current prices, we accept - 0.4 rubles.
Sv \u003d (30 * 3 + 1.5 * 36) * 365 * 0.4 \u003d 21024 rubles.
Depreciation of fixed assets.
The calculation of the depreciation of the AZD building, rubles, is carried out according to the formula:
(34)
where; nzd is the rate of depreciation of buildings and structures; we accept 3%;
Сzd - the cost of buildings, rub.
The cost of buildings Szd, rubles, is calculated by the formula:
Szd \u003d F * Tsm 2; (35)
where; F - the area of \u200b\u200bthe production site, we take 36 m 2;
Tsm 2 - the book value of 1m 2 of the area, we take 3000 rubles.
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Value, rub. |
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(41)
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