ZAZ cars have never been a luxury item. They were aimed at low-income buyers. In the first years of the "thaw" the Council of Ministers decided to master in the USSR the production of a minicar, cheaper than the "Moskvich-401". Out of several projects, we chose the most competent and mature one, developed at MZMA (present-day Moskvich JSC).

The designers of the plant did not reinvent the wheel, but skillfully used the solutions tested by FIAT, Volkswagen and BMW. The first "Zaporozhets" was based on design features and the form of the Italian FIAT-600 (FIAT). The 3A3-965 had a monocoque two-door 4-seater body, an air-cooled rear V-engine, independent all-wheel suspension, and magnesium-cast crankcases and gearboxes.

However, at the MZMA itself there was no free space for production new car... Therefore, it was decided to master its production in Zaporozhye at the Kommunar agricultural machinery plant. On June 18, 1959, a prototype ZAZ-965 "Zaporozhets" car was released, and in October 1960 its serial production began.

In the face of Zaporozhets, the consumer received a small, but full-fledged car with a four-cylinder engine, four-seater saloon, 13-inch wheels and an almost traditional body shape. Rear-mounted and air-cooled engine, independent suspension of all wheels, typical for European small cars, seemed unusual to Soviet motorists. For eight and a half years, ZAZ-965 has been modernized more than once. The engine became more powerful, the ventilation of the engine compartment and electrical equipment, the rear hood and the front panel changed.

Without outside help, ZAZ developed a more capacious Zaporozhets of the second generation ZAZ-966. The ZAZ-966 "Zaporozhets" car has been produced since November 1966. From ZAZ-965A, he inherited most of the components and assemblies: the MeMZ-966A engine with a capacity of 30 hp, gearbox, suspension. It can be distinguished from subsequent models by the shiny decorative grille on the front end and the metal instrument panel.

The ZAZ-966V modification was distinguished by a 40 hp engine. (1197 cc, compression ratio 7.2, gasoline A-76) and characteristics (curb weight 780 kg, gross weight 1080 kg, maximum speed 120 km / h).

ZAZ-966V with a 40-horsepower engine after the modernization of 1972 received the index ZAZ-968, in the same year its serial production began. External differences from ZAZ-966 are reversing lights, no jumpers in the air intakes and the inscription "Zaporozhets" on the right front fender.

Production of the ZAZ-968A began at the end of 1974. It was distinguished by: a decorative element on the front end, which replaced the grille, a dual-circuit brake system, more comfortable seats (from VAZ-2101), plastic instrument panel.

From 1980 to 1994, the plant produced a refined version of this car ZAZ-968M. The ZAZ-968M car entered the assembly line in 1979. The body design has undergone significant changes - the front body panel has become convex, the "ears" of the air intakes have been replaced with grilles, taillights acquired a more modern rectangular shape. There is less chrome and more black plastic.

From November 1966 to May 1969, ZAZ-965 and ZAZ-966 were produced in parallel. These machines could coexist further: the demand for ZAZ-965 remained, but the planning authorities forced the plant to withdraw from production the "humped" Zaporozhets.

ZAZ-965 " Zaporozhets"

ZAZ-968M was produced with three engine modifications: MeMZ-968E 40 hp. for A-76 gasoline with a K-133 carburetor - the base model. MeMZ-968GE with a capacity of 45 hp, distinguished by a two-chamber DAAZ-2101-20 carburetor and an intake manifold for it. MeMZ-968BE 50 hp for gasoline A-93, which differed from MeMZ-968GE with an increased compression ratio of up to 8.4 due to a change in the design of the cylinder heads. The production of this last "classic" Zaporozhets was discontinued on July 1, 1994.

ZAZ-968M " Zaporozhets"

There was also a modification ZAZ-968E (export), which differed in headlights that met international safety standards, a triplex windshield, decorative edging on the glass seals, and an ignition lock with an anti-theft device.

Modifications with manual control were also produced: ZAZ-968B for people without both legs, ZAZ-968B2 for drivers with one leg and 3A3-968P for those with only one leg and one arm. The production of ZAZ-966 was discontinued in December 1972, and its modifications with manual control - from January 1973.

ZAZ designers have spent about 20 years creating a front-wheel drive small car. The "Tavria" that appeared in 1988, despite its numerous shortcomings, suited many poor motorists.

This car had many names. From offensive "Constipation" and "Humpbacked" to affectionate "Round" and "Cheburashka". It was unusual for literally everyone: unusually small, unusually cheap, with an unusual "hump" in the stern, the bowels of which contained a rattling air-cooled engine. The price was also pleasantly surprising: 1800 rubles against 2511 for Moskvich and fabulous 5100 for the Volga! Having saved 22 of his salaries and having stood in line for a car for several years, the newly minted motorist received his OWN vehicle. For many families in the USSR, it was the unsightly Zaporozhets that became the first car in the family. He was the subject of pride and ridicule at the same time. "Half an hour of shame and you are at work" - this is exactly about him. The most affordable car of the Soviet Union: Zaporozhets.

The history of this little car began at the end of the fifties, when it became clear that the country desperately needed a car of an especially small class, a kind of "people's car" in the manner of the Citroen "Shi-Vi" or the Beetle. The initial development of the car was entrusted to the Moscow Minicar Plant (MZMA). The work began at the end of 1956, the Italian FIAT 600 was taken as a basis, and the development was entrusted to the Moscow Plant of Minicar Cars.
Already in 1957, a prototype of the future "Zaporozhets" was created - then still Moskvich - 444, and only 5 experimental machines were made. By 1958, it became clear that the fully loaded Moscow plant simply did not have the capacity to manufacture a new minicar. And on November 28, 1958, the USSR Council of Ministers makes a "historic" decision to organize Zaporozhye plant agricultural machinery "Kommunar" production of a new car without interrupting the production of the main product. Melitopol Motor Plant (MeMZ) was appointed as the engine supplier
The production had to be opened practically from a "clean face", the plant did not have its own "automotive" engineers, therefore, part of the team was called up from GAZ and all the same MZMA, and part of them underwent training at these factories.

Serial FIAT-600

Moskvich-444. Prototype 1958. Highlighted by distinctive design elements and two-tone paintwork


ZAZ-965, 1960 prototype. Typical teardrop-shaped repeaters on the wings are visible

Here is what one of the creators of the car, then only demobilized from the army, airfield technician Ivan Koshkin recalls (Autoreview No. 4, 2011):

Experimental Muscovites turned out to be running models. We could somehow move independently, but we couldn't drive on the road with a load. Judge for yourself: the front suspension with a transverse spring provided a dynamic travel of only 30-40 mm, although our roads needed at least 70. And this Irbit motorcycle motor? After all, it was immediately clear that he was not suitable! We did not even seriously test this sample.

Failures associated with the engine have always pursued the Cossacks. At first, for a long time they could not find the right one power unit, even equipped experimental samples bMW motors, then in the shortest possible time they "adjusted" the motor, created by US and hastily sent to Zaporozhye ... Air cooling of the engine automatically meant the presence of an autonomous stove, as a result, both did not work properly and did not have sufficient resources.



In 1961, the first batch of Humpbacks was released. However, it did not get into auto shops, but went to subcontractors. Disrupt the production plan passenger cars it was impossible in the USSR! Therefore, they got out as best they could, modernizing the frankly "raw" car "on the go" ...

Several basic modifications were produced on the basis of Gorbaty:
965AE - an export version, featured improved interior trim and sound insulation, as well as an ashtray and a radio receiver as standard equipment. In Western markets, it was sold under the names Yalta or Jalta. According to various sources, about 5,000 copies were exported.

965B / 965AB / 965AR - a disabled modification designed for people with damaged legs and healthy hands.

965P - pickup truck for in-plant use. In general, the feasibility of creating a pickup based on a rear-engined car is highly questionable. Created with a workaround technology, it did not have a side or rear door.

965C- car for collecting letters with the right-hand drive and plugs instead of rear windows.

In 1963, the car was seriously modernized for the first time and began to install a 27-horsepower (versus 22 in the previous model) MeMZ-965 engine, and also carry out a facelift of the front end.

In 1963 the first Soviet "beach" comedy "Three plus two" was released on the screens of the country. The lyrical and carefree tape with tanned characters, shiny cars and restaurants on the seashore at first did not like the powers that be from the cinema. Like, how so: in the frame, Soviet people do nothing for an hour and a half! They embark on car chases, read Western "duduktivs" and make love affairs. Such skepticism, however, did not prevent the film from being screened in the country's cinemas to gather 35 million people ... However, for us, the picture is valuable primarily for the 966th Zaporozhets in the supporting role, as well as the catch phrase of Andrei Mironov: "Tin can of the Zaporozhets system"

By the way, the dialogue that follows the phrase seems meaningless:

- Tin can of the Zaporozhets system!
- New brand?
- Old stuff!

What new brand asked diplomat Vadim veterinarian Roman - remains a mystery, tk. by 1963, the ZAZ-966 model had not yet been produced. We can only assume that two friends visited VDNKh, where new concepts of the "maturing" 966 were exhibited every year ...

Meanwhile, objectively speaking, the ZAZ-965 was originally an outdated model: the body and rear suspension were borrowed from the popular FIAT-600, the front suspension was borrowed from the Volkswagen Zhuk, the engine resembled the Tatra “air”, only greatly reduced. By the way, FIAT - 600 also once "starred in a movie", and not with anyone else, but with Maestro Frederico Fellini himself. It was the white Fiat that became the first car of one of the minor heroes in the 1957 Nights of Cabiria film.

By the way, such a controversial element of the design as the doors hung on the middle pillars was caused by the need to improve the usability of the car for the disabled, whose "target audience" was partly. In general, the car was originally designed to be as maintainable as possible, simple in design and passable. For example, the engine could be removed from the engine compartment by two people, and the front and rear windows were interchangeable.

In Kiev, near the building of the road technical school on the Lybidska metro station, there is a monument to the 965th.

Historical background: Zaporozhye plant Kommunar has a long history. It was founded in 1863 (interestingly, two years after the abolition of serfdom) by the Dutchman Abraham (Abraham) Koop and specialized in the production of agricultural machinery. In 1923 former factory Koopa was nationalized and renamed Kommunar. Having retained the main line of business, the plant was redesigned to produce more modern products - combines and tractors. In 1961, the plant was renamed into Zaporozhye Automobile Plant and the production of automobile products was launched there.

In 1966, the plant starts producing a new model of the Zaporozhets - ZAZ-966. There are still controversies surrounding the design of this car. Many point to an obvious resemblance to the West German NSU Prinz 4. However, the underlying idea of \u200b\u200bthe Prince's design - namely the wrap-around horizontal waist line - is in turn styling elements of the 1960 American Chevrolet Corvair. By the way, the "Constipation" so familiar to us could have looked much bolder, as evidenced by the search prototypes of those years. However, pretentious front fenders, a sloping roof and an abundance of chrome would very quickly make the car obsolete, and a private change or update of the main model was impossible for a number of reasons. Perhaps that is why a more “calm” outwardly version was put into production. Structurally, it was not much different from its predecessor and was equipped with only a slightly "upgraded" engine from the previous model (ZAZ-966 with a MeMZ-966V engine - 887 cc, 27 hp).

One of the first prototypes of the 966th. 1961 year. Feels strongly influenced by the American School of Design



Another of the search prototypes. The front end is not so pretentious


And this option strongly resembles the VAZ "kopeck" design of the front end


Original Source: 1960 Chevrolet Corvair


NSU Prinz 4


Serial ZAZ-966


ZAZ -968 has been produced since 1972. Notable for including the introduction of reversing lights. Before us, however, is again an export modification.

Full-scale production of the ZAZ-966 with its own power unit (1198 cc, 41 hp) began later, in 1967. However, there was not enough 1.2-liter engines for all cars, and some of the cars, even the next, "968", models were supplied with a 30-horsepower engine, leading its ancestry directly from the ZAZ-965 engine and even at that time did not provide the necessary speakers.

Below is a video of the news of those years, dedicated to the new ZAZ-966 going on sale

However, it seems to me more interesting to talk not about the "966" itself, but about the modifications that were supposed to be released on its basis and which have remained concepts forever.

In 1962, taking into account the experience accumulated on the ZAZ-970 model, Kommunar presented a whole family of light vehicles of the 970th family (all 4x2), among which was the all-metal van ZAZ-970B. The appearance of the entire family was developed at the factory bureau for the architectural design of the car (the concept of "design center" did not exist then) under the leadership of Yuri Viktorovich Danilov, and Lev Petrovich Murashov was the leading designer of the monocoque body (while still working at ZMA, he participated in the creation of Moskvich -444 "). The cars were equipped with up to 27 hp. engine from ZAZ-965A (located at the rear) and a standard gearbox. In addition, the cars inherited from the ZAZ-966 independent suspension of all wheels: front torsion bar on trailing arms and rear spring suspension.


ZAZ-970. 1961 year


ZAZ-970B. 1962 year


ZAZ-970B vans had a partition between the passenger compartment and the cargo compartment. The useful volume of the cargo compartment was 2.5 cubic meters. The carrying capacity of the car was 350 kg with a driver and a passenger. The rear-engine layout of the 970th family determined the originality of access to cargo in the van body - cargo doors were located on both sides of the body. In addition, in some sources there is a mention of another auxiliary door at the back, above the motor. It is also worth noting that due to the V-shaped design of the engine, it "humped" into the body, which is why the cargo area was not even across the entire floor area.


Pickup truck ZAZ-970G "Celina". 1962-1964 years


All-wheel drive ZAZ-971. 1962 year
Soon after the creation of the prototype ZAZ-970 truck, in 1962 at the Kommunar plant, an all-wheel drive vehicle ZAZ-971 with a curtain top was built, also made on the ZAZ-965A and ZAZ-966 units. The car had a rear-mounted power unit. Only one car with such a body was built. Subsequently, the plant carried out work to create all-wheel drive modifications of cars of the 970th family based on constructive solutions, worked out at ZAZ-971.

In 1969, the country's screens released the cartoon "Gena Crocodile" about a crocodile working, oddly enough, as an African crocodile in a zoo. Children are very happy with the new, unusually staged puppet cartoon, and adults rename "Constipation" to "Cheburashka" for the characteristic shape of "ears-air intakes"

In 1972, ZAZ-968 appears
In 1973 it was upgraded to the ZAZ-968A version.
In 1974, its original "luxury" modification ZAZ-968A was released. Active (brakes) and passive (seat belts and energy-absorbing steering column) safety improved. The cabin has less chrome and more plastic. A new plastic front panel covered archaic bare metal. Instead of the old seats, they installed new, more comfortable ones from the "Kopeyka" VAZ-2101. Both models were produced in parallel until mid-1979.
In 1979, it was replaced by the ZAZ-968M, which, with minor changes, was produced until the end of the production of this model.

Modifications of the ZAZ-968M generally repeated the models of previous years of production, and on the basis of defective bodies, pickups for internal plant services were still produced. However, there was information that until 1994, such cars were also produced on orders.

Small car big country: Zaporozhets


Experimental ZAZ-968M. Attention is drawn to the "refined" wheels. Such did not go into the series.
In terms of design changes, the designers followed the classic restyling scheme for those years: gradually the car lost its original chrome decorative elements, and plastic or rubber ones took their place. During the modernization Zaporozhets lost both the famous ears and the characteristic chrome bar on the front end, called "Wings of the Soviets", and the rounded repeaters and lights were replaced by square and rectangular, respectively. Powerful and modern engine for all its long conveyor life, the car never got it. And even on the 968 M version, weak 30-strong motors were sometimes installed, although 41 and even 50-horsepower motors were already produced.

Since the beginning of the seventies, the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant has been making attempts to create a new front-wheel drive car Perspektiva (the name Tavria will be fixed much later), but all these attempts will be unsuccessful until 1988. However, the creation of Tavria is a different era and the topic of one of our next reviews.

In total, during the production of the Zaporozhets, about three million copies were produced, which is certainly not much for a country with almost three hundred million population (as of 1991). The same FIAT-600, produced from 1955 to 1969 - i.e. 14 years old, sold 2,600,000 copies, while by 1970 the population of Italy was about fifty-three million people. The Zaporozhets did not become truly popular. Neither the efforts of Nikita Khrushchev, nor the unconditional enthusiasm of the staff of the enterprise were able to perform a miracle where this miracle was not expected. The tester Ivan Koshkin speaks most eloquently about the failures of his native enterprise:

... In our country, the whole country worked for geniuses, but only in one area - defense.

And yet, in front of a huge part of Soviet motorists, Zaporozhets fulfilled its task - it became the first car, introduced it to a different culture of movement and way of life. They say that in 1972, a student at Leningrad State University, Volodya Putin, won his first car in the lottery - it was precisely the ZAZ-966. “Throwing in” is this or the truth, of course, we hardly know - however, in many respects, “Ushastik” really was the first, and if he was a little lucky, he would certainly become the most popular car ...

The whole history of "Zaporozhets"

5 (100%) 1 vote [s]

There are several versions about the year of foundation of the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant. The factory workers themselves are accustomed to consider the date of creation of the plant in 1863, when the Dutchman Abraham Coop created a plant for the production of agricultural machinery. Another option is 1908, when the Melitopol Motor Plant (MeMZ) was founded, which in 1960 began to supply its engines to ZAZ. Another date is 1923, when the former plant of Abraham Koop was renamed into Kommunar. However, the direction of the enterprise's activity remained until 1960 - the production of agricultural machinery.

And so, probably, until now the Kommunar plant would have been producing hay mowers and harrows, if one day Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev hadn’t come up with the idea to overtake the States in terms of the number of cars per capita. True, unlike America, our car (like an apartment) should be small. Well, Khrushchev didn't like big things!

And the choice fell on the "Fiat" novelty FIAT-600. Initially, the car was planned to be assembled at the MOSKVICH plant and that is why the MZMA Design Bureau took over the development of the car, which together with the NAMI Automobile Institute developed the so-called Moskvich-444, later renamed Moskvich-560. But by the decision of the board of the State Planning Committee in connection with the congestion of the MOSKVICH plant, it was decided to start production at the Kommunar plant in Zaporozhye.

And on November 22, 1960, the company released the first batch of "ZAZ-965" popularly called "Humpbacked" for its original body shape.

Almost immediately after the release of the "humpbacked" design bureau of ZAZ began to develop a new car "ZAZ-966", which has a completely new body.

However, its production was delayed by the Union leadership, perhaps for economic reasons: putting a new model on the assembly line just a year after the previous one was released was considered wasteful. Therefore, "ZAZ-966" was published only six years later.

It was a typical 'rectangular' sedan of the 1960s, featuring side air intakes. The people immediately called them "ears", and the car itself "eared". So the era of ZAZ "hunchback" was replaced by a long era of his even more anecdotal "eared" heir.

Its engine was also located at the rear. At first it was a 30-strong MeMZ-966A, which was installed on latest modifications his "hunchbacked" predecessor. Then the 40-strong MeMZ-966V appeared, which made it possible to accelerate the car to a speed of 120 km / h on a straight track. True, in practice, not everyone achieved it, and fines for speeding by the Zaporozhets were really so rare that they were regarded as an anecdote.

The model underwent a more serious alteration in 1979-1980. "ZAZ-968M" became the last domestic car with an engine located in the rear compartment - but also the longest-lived, since it was produced until 1994. Having lost its "ears", replaced by simple grilles, the car received the nickname "soap dish" - for its already outdated and too simple design. But for her later, more powerful engines: MeMZ-968GE (45 hp) and MeMZ-968BE (50 hp).

Perhaps further modernization of the model would have allowed to create something interesting, but in the 1990s the opinion prevailed that the Zaporozhians were a disgrace to the Ukrainian car industry. And the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant concentrated on the production of "TAVRIA".

In November 1963, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a front-wheel drive minicar at ZAZ was brought by 29-year-old engineer Vladimir Steshenko. The new chief designer "infected" her first design bureau, and then the leadership of the entire association. Steshenko himself became imbued with the idea of \u200b\u200bfront-wheel drive after meeting the famous Mini. The Ukrainian designer was especially impressed by the fact that this modest "box" Mini is exclusively due to front wheel drive, as well as the engine deployed across and pushed forward, completely defeated all competitors in the 1962 rally. And including the Porsche 911, Fiat Abarth 600 and Volkswagen 1200L.

By 1976, two more prototypes were created - a sedan with front-wheel drive and an all-wheel drive hatchback. These two options formed the basis of "Perspektiva" (this is how the TAVRIA car was called then in the design bureau). In 1980, the creation of the car was completed and it took 7 long years to bring the design idea to life. And only in 1988 the full production of this car was started. On the basis of the developed "TAVRIA" a car in the body of a sedan was created, which received the name "SLAVUTA".

Experimental developments of ZAZ that were not put into mass production deserve a separate word.

In 1961, under the leadership of Yu.N. Sorochkin, in parallel with the development of the 966th machine, an experimental ZAZ-970 truck with a carrying capacity of 350 kg was designed.

In fact, the car was a kind of search layout work. The car was nicknamed "Sharpener" by the factory workers and, unlike the subsequent cars of the 970th family, had a small hood.

In 1962, along with the ZAZ-970B van, a six-seater minibus (according to the current classification - minivan) ZAZ-970V was created. The seats of the second and third rows were designed to be foldable, so the car was, in fact, a cargo-passenger - with the two rear seats folded, it could carry 175 kg of cargo, and with two rows of seats folded - 350 kg of cargo.

Like the ZAZ-970B van, the engine protruded into the cabin with a noticeable "hump", which is why the two third-row seats were separate and placed at a noticeable distance from each other - between them there was a service hatch for access to the engine. Unlike a van, a ventilation hatch in the roof was provided in the minibus, and there was only one door for entering and exiting passengers - on the starboard side.

At the end of the 70s of the twentieth century, ZAZ was considered as one of the options for expanding the lineup - the "Taxi" project. An in-house competition was announced for the best car of this type.

One of the options-winners of the competition was a car on the units of a promising "Tavria" and its length did not exceed 3.5 meters. The driver's location is noteworthy - above the left front wheel, while the engine was supposed to be placed to the right of it.

During 1990-1992, an unusual modification of the base ZAZ-968M was produced - the ZAZ-968MP pickup truck.

It should be noted right away that pickups of a similar design were produced by ZAZ, like any car plant, always for its own internal plant needs (a typical example is ZAZ-965P). However, the ZAZ-968MP that got into the series is nothing more than an attempt by the plant to offer the market its own in-plant pickup in the early 90s of the twentieth century as a delivery vehicle.

In fact, the ZAZ-968MP was made according to the slipway-bypass technology - at the rejected or even conditioned (depending on the demand for pickups in a particular period) ZAZ-968M body, the rear of the cab was cut off and the rear wall with a window was welded behind the front seats. The rear seat was not placed, the resulting niche was the cargo compartment.

But the experience was unsuccessful and after the reduction in production of this car, the ZAZ-968M was also discontinued.

Another global change in Zaporozhye took place in 1998, when a Ukrainian-Korean joint venture with foreign investment was registered in the form of CJSC AvtoZAZ-DEU. and large-scale assembly of Daewoo Lanos, Daewoo Nubira and Daewoo Leganza cars began - the first models of the Korean company created by its own specialists.

History vehicle LANOS (supplied to Russia under the CHANCE brand) is very interesting. This front-wheel drive car, designed by ItalDesign, was first shown back in 1997. In 2002, Daewoo showed a new model called Kalos (in Russia it changed its name, which was incongruous for the Russian ear, to AVEO), but Lanos continued to exist! In 1998, the production of this car was launched in Poland and Ukraine.

And now, for almost 10 years now, this car has been among the best-selling foreign cars in Russia, having proven itself as a workhorse for taxi fleets, courier services, traffic police, and enterprises that use it as a "traveling" car.

In 2003, the plant in Zaporozhye again changed its form of ownership and became a closed joint-stock company with foreign investment Zaporozhye Automobile Building Plant. Now 50% of the enterprise is owned by UkrAvto and another 50% - by the Swiss company Hirsch & Cie.

Since 2004, in addition to the ZAZ and Daewoo models, the full-scale production of VAZ-2107, 21093 and 21099 vehicles has been mastered directly at the Zaporozhye plant, which are still being produced.

An interesting project in the development of the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant was the Opel project.

On March 25, 2003 in Kiev, a cooperation agreement was signed between Ukravto, ZAZ CJSC and Adam Opel AG. According to the contract, the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant in the spring of 2003 began assembling Opel cars of the Vectra, Astra, and Korsa models from vehicle kits imported to Ukraine.

According to the admissions of the auto plants themselves, cooperation with the German auto concern taught the plant workers in German a clear approach to the quality of assembled cars. And, despite the fact that at the moment this cooperation has already been terminated for reasons of economic efficiency, the car manufacturers are still using the quality system, which they have mastered together with German partners.

In 2009, the Zaporizhzhya Automobile Plant started producing cars of the KIA concern at its facilities. Together with the Korean partners, 2 models of the Korean concern are being produced at the facilities of ZAZ CJSC, they are KIA Cee "d and KIA Sportage.

But 2010 may become another major milestone in the history of the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant. In December 2010, a new model was delivered to the main conveyor of ZAZ, which will replace the most popular LANOS (in the Russian Federation since 2009 it has been presented as CHANCE).

On the basis of the Chinese Chery A-13, the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant began to produce cars under its own brand ZAZ-FORZA.

Automobile plants already had experience in assembling cars from China, in 2006 at the plant in Ilyichevsk, which is part of ZAZ CJSC, “pilot” lots of Chinese cars were assembled.

And in December 2010, a full-fledged assembly of a new car started on the ZAZ conveyor. It will be supplied not only to the domestic market of Ukraine, but also to the Russian Federation. Base, Comfort, Luxury versions will be presented in sedan and hatchback bodies. At the moment, the cars are undergoing certification tests at the test site in Dmitrov, near Moscow, and in mid-2011 they will already appear at dealerships.

The text of the article and photographs are provided by A.O. - the head of the marketing department of the car dealership "", authorized dealer COMPANY .

Zaporozhets (export designations for Western European countries - Yalta, Eliette and ZAZ) is a brand of Soviet and Ukrainian rear-engined passenger cars of an extra small class produced by the Kommunar plant in the city of Zaporozhye.

(later - Zaporozhye car factory, in 1960-1994 it was part of the AvtoZAZ production association).
Under the Zaporozhets brand, they actually produced two different generations of car models, linked by technical continuity and rolled off the assembly line for some time in parallel:
- in 1960-1969 - the first generation, ZAZ-965 and since 1962 - ZAZ-
965A;
- in 1966-1994 - the second generation, ZAZ-966, ZAZ-966V, ZAZ-968,
ZAZ-968A and ZAZ-968M.
All Zaporozhets cars had a number of characteristic design features: rear-engined layout with a longitudinal arrangement of a cantilevered engine behind the rear axle and a gearbox within the wheelbase; body type "two-door sedan"; V-shaped four-cylinder carburetor engine air cooled; independent suspension of all wheels; autonomous petrol interior heater.
All variants of "Zaporozhtsev" differed in the maximum degree of unification in units and assemblies with the army all-terrain vehicle TPK (a sanitary wheeled conveyor of the front edge, LuAZ-967). The same family included "civilian" all-terrain vehicles of the "LuAZ" brand - various modifications of the LuAZ-969.

ZAZ-965 / 965A.

The ZAZ-965 model was produced from 1960 to 1969. The main prototype of the ZAZ-965 in relation to the overall design of the body, partially - an independent spring rear suspension, steering gear, transmission was a Fiat 600; nevertheless, already at the level of the first prototype, the Moskvich-444, the design of the car was significantly redesigned relative to Fiat, and the power unit was developed completely from scratch. Body - four-seater, with interchangeable frontal and rear windowswelded on the front fenders. The doors (there are two of them) open back, not forward. The engine is a rare type in the global automotive industry, a four-cylinder V-shaped, air-cooled, located at the rear. Magnesium alloy crankcase and transmission. The driving wheels are rear. The car was also manufactured in export and disabled versions.
The ZAZ-965A model is distinguished by an engine with an increased working volume (887 cm3) and power (27 hp), one muffler (instead of two) and the absence of decorative molding on the sidewalls.

ZAZ-966/968 / 968A / 968M.

Development of the next generation "Zaporozhtsev" began almost immediately after the development of the first in production - in 1961, and prototypes appeared by the fall of the same year. However, due to the lack of experience among the plant staff (the "965th" model was developed at MZMA in cooperation with NAMI) and also due to lack of funding - the production was put into production for many years, and the design of the final version was a collection of elements borrowed from various models of those years old.
The ZAZ-966 model was in serial production from 1966 to 1972, and for the first year only a transitional modification of the 966B with an outdated 30-horsepower engine was produced - the production of a 1.2-liter 40-horsepower MeMZ-968 engine was ready only the next year.
ZAZ-968 has been produced since 1972. Initially, it did not have external differences from the "966", and its main feature was a slightly modernized MeMZ-968 engine (another carburetor) and a modified front panel (instead of stamped as a whole - the new instrument panel was assembled from individual elements). The model was constantly upgraded, and by the end of production, in 1978, it was practically indistinguishable from the ZAZ-968A, which was produced in parallel and went into series in 1973 (according to other sources, in fact, production began only at the end of 1974) ZAZ-968A, which had an updated appearance and a number of design changes that improved safety: dual-circuit brakes, seat belts and a soft instrument panel, which was subsequently installed on the ZAZ-968M.
The next modification was the ZAZ-968M, which was produced from 1979 to 1994 - this machine completed the Zaporozhtsev model line. It also installed various power units with a working volume of 890 cm³ with a capacity of 28 liters. from. and 1.2 liters. with a capacity of 41 (the bulk of the machines), 45 or 50 liters. s ... From the ZAZ-968 model, it first of all differed in appearance and interior, there were fewer chrome parts and, in turn, more plastic appeared. "Ears" on the sidewalls of the body disappeared, as the cooling system was radically changed - this almost completely saved the car from overheating problems during normal operation, but added new ones - with the tightness of the air duct and clogging of its box. This version of "Zaporozhets" is the most widespread. Prior to ZAZ-968M, the air was sucked from the heads and cylinders by a fan, and then the hot air "cooled" the car generator.

Export options: Yalta / Jalta, Eliette.

Along with the basic modifications of Zaporozhtsev cars, their export versions (including those with a steering wheel on the right) were also produced - ZAZ-965E, ZAZ-965AE, ZAZ-966E, ZAZ-968E and ZAZ-968AE. Depending on the target market, they had the trade designation Yalta / Jalta ("Yalta") or Eliette ("Eliett"), since the phonetics and transliteration of the word "Zaporozhets" is very difficult for European languages. They had improved consumer qualities in comparison with the basic models. For example, models "965E" and "965AE" differed from "965" and "965A" by improved noise insulation, the presence of an outside rear-view mirror on the left, an ashtray, a radio, linings on the sides of the car and the lower edge of the trunk.
ZAZ-968E and ZAZ-968AE in quantities of up to 5,000 units per year were sold in
Europe through the Finnish company Konela and the Belgian Scaldia-Volga.

Jokes about "Zaporozhets".

Due to the poor technical condition of most of the Zaporozhtsev,
caused mainly by owners' non-compliance with the rules maintenance, unusual rear-engine layout and small dimensions - ZAZ cars were often the object of jokes and anecdotes. It is also worth recognizing that in fact, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were not inferior to foreign counterparts of their time in most of their performance characteristics, and in this case the rumor was unfair to them. Moreover, in Europe, cars of the same class “Volkswagen Beetle”, “Renault 4CV”, “Fiat 500” and others are considered a national treasure and symbols of their era, and numerous replicas of them are produced.
So, ZAZ-965 was nicknamed "hunchback" for its characteristic body shape, as well as "Jewish armored car", ZAZ-966 and ZAZ-968 - "eared" or "Cheburashka" for the shape of the side air intakes of the cooling system, and ZAZ-968M "soap dish "For the similarity of the shape of the body, which has lost its side air intakes (" ears "), with this object and the presence of cooling slots on the hood.
In post-Soviet times, there were many anecdotes about various accidents involving the driver of a "Zaporozhets" and a "new Russian" in a "600 Mercedes", as well as this car was sung by the famous Russian performer - Bogdan Titomir, with the song "A" Zaporozhets "- a car class "))

ZAZ-965 Zaporozhets, 1962-69

ZAZ-965A Zaporozhets, 1962–65 c.

Torpedo ZAZ-965A Zaporozhets, 1965-69

ZAZ-965AE Jalta, 1965–69

ZAZ-966 Zaporozhets, 1967-71

ZAZ-966 Zaporozhets, 1971–72

ZAZ-966V Zaporozhets, 1966–72.

ZAZ-966E Eliette, 1967–71.

ZAZ-968 Zaporozhets, 1971–79

Salon ZAZ-968A Zaporozhets, 1974–79.

ZAZ-968AE Zaporozhets, 1974–79.

ZAZ-968M Zaporozhets, 1979–94

Well, and by right in this post - you need to show this nice car, its modifications:

Behind the rear axle and gearbox within the wheelbase; body type "two-door sedan"; V-shaped four-cylinder air-cooled carburetor engine; independent suspension of all wheels; autonomous petrol interior heater.

All variants of "Zaporozhtsev" differed in the maximum degree of unification in units and assemblies with the army all-terrain vehicle TPK (sanitary wheeled conveyor of the front edge, LuAZ-967). The same family included "civilian" all-terrain vehicles of the "LuAZ" brand - various modifications of the LuAZ-969.

ZAZ-965 / 965A

The ZAZ-965 model was produced from year to year.

The main prototype of the ZAZ-965 with regard to the overall design of the body, partly - the independent spring rear suspension, steering mechanism, transmission was Fiat 600, however, already at the level of the first prototype - Moskvich-444 - the design of the car was significantly redesigned relative to Fiat and the powertrain has been designed entirely from the ground up.

The body is a four-seater, with interchangeable front and rear windows, welded front fenders. The doors (there are two of them) open back, not forward. The engine is a rare type in the global automotive industry, a four-cylinder V-shaped, air-cooled, located at the rear. Magnesium alloy crankcase and transmission. The driving wheels are rear. Tire size - 5.20-13. ZAZ-965 was manufactured in export and disabled version.

The ZAZ-965A model is distinguished by an engine with an increased working volume (887 cm 3) and power (27 hp), one muffler (instead of two), and the absence of decorative molding on the sidewalls.

ZAZ-966/968 / 968A / 968M

The development of the next generation of Zaporozhtsev began almost immediately after the development of the first in production, in 1961. Prototypes appeared by the fall of the same year.

However, due to the lack of experience among the plant staff (the "965th" model was developed at the MZMA in cooperation with NAMI), as well as the lack of funding, the launch of production lasted for many years, and the design of the final version was a compilation of elements borrowed from various models of those years , mainly - West German NSU Prinz IV. Model ZAZ-966 was in serial production from 1972 to 1972, and for the first year only a "transitional" modification 966B with an outdated 30-horsepower engine was produced - the production of a 1.2-liter 40-horsepower MeMZ-968 engine was ready only the next year.

Cars for people with disabilities continued to be produced. "968" model was replaced by a completely new car - ZAZ-1102 "Tavria", which structurally had nothing to do with "Zaporozhets". ZAZ-1102 is a front-wheel drive three-door hatchback with a new liquid-cooled MeMZ engine.

Export options: Yalta / Jalta, Eliette

Along with the basic modifications of cars ZAZ-965, ZAZ-965A, ZAZ-966, ZAZ-968 and ZAZ-968A, their export versions were also produced (including with a steering wheel on the right, for countries with left-hand traffic) - ZAZ-965E, ZAZ-965AE, ZAZ-966E, ZAZ-968E and ZAZ-968AE. Depending on the target market, they had a trade designation Yalta/Jalta ("Yalta") or Eliette ("Eliett"), since the phonetics and transliteration of the word "Zaporozhets" is very difficult for European languages. They had improved consumer qualities in comparison with the basic models. For example, models "965E" and "965AE" differed from "965" and "965A" by improved noise insulation, the presence of an outside rear-view mirror on the left, an ashtray, a radio, linings on the sides of the car and the lower edge of the trunk.

ZAZ-968E and ZAZ-968AE in quantities of up to 5,000 units per year were sold in Europe through the Finnish company Konela and the Belgian Scaldia-Volga.

Consumer qualities and popularity

In the USSR, the Zaporozhets car was popular largely due to its relative cheapness (in the mid-1970s - about 3-3.5 thousand Soviet rubles; at the same time, Muscovites and different models "Zhiguli" cost from 5 to 7.5 thousand rubles), free (as a rule) sale without queues and the presence of a number of modifications with changed control mechanisms for disabled people with missing limbs. Such versions in colloquial speech were often called "disabled women" and were distributed (sometimes with partial or full payment) through social security agencies among disabled people of various categories. In addition, the Zaporozhets were distinguished by good maneuverability due to high ground clearance, smooth, flat bottom, increased load on the drive axle, low weight, as well as ease of maintenance and repair, which made them largely suitable for operation in rural areas and remote areas of the country. The design of the car, unusual by Soviet standards, often caused disapproval of motorists and was the reason for the emergence of numerous jokes and anecdotes. However, in fairness, it should be noted that at the end of the fifties and the first half of the sixties - the period in which both generations of Zaporozhtsev were developed - the rear-engined layout was at the peak of its popularity all over the world, cars with a rear engine were tried to be produced even in the USA (Chevrolet Corvair), not to mention Europe, which was dominated by such mass modelslike Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat 500 and Fiat 600, Renault Dauphine and Renault 8, Škoda 1000 MB and the like. The prevalence of two-door bodies in those years was also much greater than today - in fact, the situation typical for the USSR, when, with the exception of Zaporozhets, in fact, all cars had 4-5 doors, was almost unique for that time. In North America, before the end of the seventies, in general, more than half of the cars produced had two-door bodies; in Europe, their popularity was less, but still in the classes of "Zaporozhets", and even "Moskvich", the bulk of sales fell on two-doors, until the mass distribution in the early to mid-seventies of three-door hatchbacks like Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Polo, Fiat 127 and similar ones, which later successfully took the place of two-door sedans similar to Zaporozhets in the production range of Western European automobile manufacturers.

The conveyor fate of "Zaporozhets" does not differ from the fate of most of the Eastern European car models of the sixties: if the first generation (model ZAZ-965) was quite modern at the time of development in production, and even removed from the assembly line before its Italian prototype, then the second (ZAZ- 966/968) was already secondary to the first in technical terms, and, in the context of the growth of crisis phenomena and the subsequent gradual stagnation of the USSR economy during the 1970s and 1980s, it was produced for decades without significant modernizations, so that already by the beginning of the seventies it was clearly below the average level of European "classmates" of the new development in terms of main indicators, which was aggravated by the massive transition of foreign manufacturers in this class to front-wheel drive, which gave an abrupt growth of the entire range of consumer qualities in comparison with the old rear-engined and built according to the "classical" scheme models.

In the seventies and eighties, against the background of the widespread rejection of the rear-engine scheme that dominated on European minicar all the fifties and most of the sixties, as well as the general rapid development of design and technology in the industry, Zaporozhets, as well as those that remained in production in parallel with it, similar Western European models - "Zhuk", Seat / Fiat 133, Hillman Imp, Simca 1000, and so on - are completely outdated and no longer in great demand even in the domestic market, despite the relatively low retail price, gradually turning into a narrow the niche of specialized vehicles for disabled people with disabilities.

After the collapse of the USSR, in the conditions of a general economic crisis, ZAZ stopped production of Zaporozhtsev in 1994, however, surviving copies can be seen on the streets of post-Soviet states to this day.

Jokes about "Zaporozhets"

Due to the poor technical condition of the majority of Zaporozhtsevs, caused mainly by the owners' failure to comply with the maintenance rules, the unusual rear-engine layout and small dimensions, ZAZ cars were often the object of jokes and anecdotes. It is also worth recognizing that in fact, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were not inferior to foreign counterparts of their time in most of their performance characteristics, and in this case the rumor was unfair to them. Moreover, in Europe, cars of the same class “Volkswagen Beetle”, “Renault 4CV”, “Fiat 500” and others are considered a national treasure and symbols of their era, and numerous replicas of them are produced.

In culture

• "Zaporozhets" ("A" Zaporozhets "- a car class") - song by Bogdan Titomir ()

Anniversary

see also

Sources and notes

Write a review on the article "Zaporozhets (car)"

Literature

Fuchadzhi, K. S., Stryuk, N. N. ZAZ-968M "Zaporozhets" car. - 2nd ed., Revised and enlarged. - M .: Transport, 1988 .-- 352 p. - ISBN 5-277-00139-5.

Links

Cars of the Zaporozhets family: Cars of the "Tavria" family: Model-based cars General Motors Daewoo Auto & Technology: Third party model production: SKD assembly: Buses:

An excerpt characterizing Zaporozhets (car)

The voices and footsteps of the huge courtyard and the peasants who had arrived with carts sounded, echoing, in the yard and in the house. The count left somewhere in the morning. The Countess, who had a headache from the hustle and bustle, was lying in the new couch with vinegar bandages on her head. Petya was not at home (he went to a friend with whom he intended to go from the militia to the active army). Sonya was present in the hall while the crystal and porcelain were being laid. Natasha sat in her ruined room on the floor, between the scattered dresses, ribbons, scarves, and, motionlessly looking at the floor, held in her hands an old ball gown, the very (already old fashion) dress in which she was for the first time in St. ballet.
Natasha was ashamed not to do anything in the house, while everyone was so busy, and several times in the morning she tried to get down to business; but her soul was not in this business; but she could not and did not know how to do something not with all her heart, not with all her strength. She stood over Sonya while packing the porcelain, wanted to help, but immediately left it and went to her place to pack her things. At first she was amused by the fact that she handed out her dresses and ribbons to the maids, but then, when the others still had to be packed, it seemed boring to her.
- Dunyasha, are you going to bed, my dear? Yes? Yes?
And when Dunyasha willingly promised to do everything to her, Natasha sat down on the floor, picked up an old ball gown and thought at all about something that should have occupied her now. From the reverie in which Natasha was, brought her to the talk of the girls in the next girl's room and the sounds of their hasty steps from the girl's to the back porch. Natasha got up and looked out the window. A huge train of wounded stopped in the street.
Girls, footmen, housekeeper, nanny, cook, coachmen, posters, cooks stood at the gate, looking at the wounded.
Natasha, throwing a white handkerchief over her hair and holding it by the ends with both hands, went out into the street.
The former housekeeper, the old woman Mavra Kuzminishna, separated from the crowd standing at the gate, and, going up to the cart with the matted wagon, talked to the pale young officer lying in this cart. Natasha moved a few steps away and timidly stopped, continuing to hold her handkerchief and listening to what the housekeeper was saying.
- Well, then you don't have anyone in Moscow? - said Mavra Kuzminishna. - You would be calmer where in the apartment ... If only to us. The gentlemen are leaving.
“I don’t know if they will,” the officer said in a weak voice. - There is the chief ... ask, - and he pointed to the fat major, who was returning back down the street along a row of carts.
Natasha looked with frightened eyes into the face of the wounded officer and immediately went to meet the major.
- Can the wounded stay in our house? She asked.
The major put his hand to the visor with a smile.
- Who do you want, Mamsel? He said, narrowing his eyes and smiling.
Natasha calmly repeated her question, and her face and all her manner, despite the fact that she continued to hold the ends of her handkerchief, were so serious that the major stopped smiling and, at first thinking, as if asking herself to what extent this was possible, answered her in the affirmative.
“Oh, yes, why is it possible,” he said.
Natasha slightly bowed her head and with quick steps returned to Mavra Kuzminishna, who was standing above the officer and talking to him with plaintive sympathy.
- You can, he said, you can! - Natasha said in a whisper.
The officer in the wagon turned into the Rostovs' courtyard, and dozens of carts with the wounded began, at the invitation of city residents, to turn into the courtyards and drive up to the entrances of the houses of Povarskaya Street. Natasha, apparently, recovered from these, outside the usual conditions of life, relations with new people. Together with Mavra Kuzminishna, she tried to turn as many wounded as possible into her yard.
“I still need to report it to my dad,” said Mavra Kuzminishna.
- Nothing, nothing, isn't it all the same! For one day we will move into the living room. You can give all of our half to them.
- Well, you, young lady, come up with it! Yes, even in the outhouse, in the bachelor, to the nanny, and then you have to ask.
- Well, I'll ask.
Natasha ran into the house and tiptoed into the half-open door of the sofa, from which smelled of vinegar and Hoffman drops.
- Are you sleeping, Mom?
- Oh, what a dream! - said, waking up, the countess who had just dozed off.
“Mom, darling,” said Natasha, kneeling in front of her mother and putting her face close to hers. - I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I never will, I woke you up. Mavra Kuzminishna sent me, here they brought the wounded, officers, will you? And they have nowhere to go; I know that you will allow ... - she spoke quickly, without taking a breath.
- What officers? Whom did they bring? I don’t understand, ”said the Countess.
Natasha laughed, the Countess also smiled faintly.
“I knew that you would let me ... so I will say so. - And Natasha, kissing her mother, got up and went to the door.
In the hall she met her father, who had returned home with bad news.
- We sat too long! The count said with involuntary annoyance. - And the club is closed and the police are leaving.
- Dad, is it okay that I invited the wounded into the house? Natasha said to him.
“Nothing, of course,” the count said absently. “That’s not the point, but now I ask you not to deal with trifles, but to help pack and go, go, go tomorrow ...” And the count conveyed the same order to the butler and the people. Petya returned at dinner and told his news.
He said that today the people were dismantling weapons in the Kremlin, that although Rostopchin's poster says that he will call the cry in two days, but that the order has probably been made that tomorrow all the people go to the Three Mountains with weapons, and that there there will be a big battle.
The Countess looked with timid horror at the cheerful, flushed face of her son while he was saying this. She knew that if she said a word that she was asking Petya not to go to this battle (she knew that he was happy about this upcoming battle), he would say something about men, about honor, about a fatherland, something like that. senseless, masculine, stubborn, against which one cannot object, and the matter will be ruined, and therefore, hoping to arrange so as to leave before this and take Petya with her, as a protector and patron, she did not say anything to Petya, and after dinner she called the count and with tears she begged him to take her away as soon as possible, on the same night, if possible. With a feminine, involuntary cunning of love, she, who until now had shown complete fearlessness, said that she would die of fear if they did not leave that night. She, without pretending, was now afraid of everything.

M me Schoss, who went to see her daughter, further increased the countess's fear by telling stories about what she saw in the drinking office on Myasnitskaya Street. Returning down the street, she could not walk home from the drunken crowd of people raging outside the office. She took a cab and drove home in an alley; and the cabman told her that the people were breaking barrels in the drinking office, which was so ordered.
After dinner, all the Rostovs' household with enthusiastic haste set to work packing up their things and preparing for their departure. The old count, suddenly getting down to business, kept walking from yard to house and back after dinner, stupidly shouting at the hurrying people and hurrying them even more. Petya gave orders in the yard. Sonya did not know what to do under the influence of the count's conflicting orders, and was completely lost. People, shouting, arguing and making noise, ran through the rooms and the courtyard. Natasha, with her characteristic passion in everything, suddenly got down to business too. At first, her intervention in the bedding business was met with disbelief. Everyone expected a joke from her and did not want to obey her; but with persistence and passion she demanded obedience to herself, was angry, almost cried that they did not listen to her, and, finally, achieved the fact that they believed in her. Her first feat, which cost her enormous efforts and gave her power, was the laying of carpets. The count had expensive gobelins and Persian rugs in his house. When Natasha got down to business, there were two open boxes in the hall: one almost stacked with porcelain, the other with carpets. There was still a lot of porcelain on the tables, and still everything was carried from the pantry. It was necessary to start a new, third box, and people followed it.
- Sonia, wait, we'll put everything in that way, - said Natasha.
“You can't, young lady, you've already tried it,” said the bartender.
- No, wait, please. - And Natasha began to take dishes and plates wrapped in paper from the drawer.
“The dishes must be here in the rugs,” she said.
- Yes, and the carpets, God forbid, spread out into three boxes, - said the barman.
- Wait, please. - And Natasha quickly, deftly began to disassemble. “It’s not necessary,” she said about Kiev plates, “yes, it’s in the carpets,” she said about Saxon dishes.
- Yes, leave it, Natasha; well enough, we'll put it to bed, - Sonia said reproachfully.
- Eh, young lady! - said the butler. But Natasha did not give up, threw out all the things and quickly began to pack again, deciding that there was no need to take bad home carpets and unnecessary dishes at all. When everything was taken out, they began to lay again. And indeed, having thrown away almost everything that was cheap, that which was not worth taking with you, everything of value was put in two boxes. Only the cover of the carpet drawer did not close. It was possible to take out a few things, but Natasha wanted to insist on her own. She packed, shifted, pressed, made the barman and Petya, whom she had taken with her into the packing business, to press the lid, and she herself made desperate efforts.
- Yes, full, Natasha, - Sonya told her. - I see you're right, but take out the top one.
“I don’t want to,” Natasha shouted, holding her loose hair over her sweaty face with one hand, pressing the carpets with the other. - Yes, press, Petka, press! Vasilich, press! She shouted. The carpets pressed in and the lid closed. Natasha, clapping her hands, screamed with joy, and tears gushed from her eyes. But this lasted a second. Immediately she took up another matter, and they already fully believed in her, and the count was not angry when they told him that Natalya Ilyinishna had canceled his orders, and the courtyards came to Natasha to ask: to tie up the cart or not, and was it sufficiently imposed? The case was disputed thanks to Natasha's orders: unnecessary things were left and the most expensive ones were packed in the closest way.
But no matter how hard all the people were, by late at night not everything could have been settled. The Countess fell asleep, and the count, postponing his departure until morning, went to bed.
Sonia, Natasha slept without undressing in the sofa. That night, a new wounded man was transported through Povarskaya, and Mavra Kuzminishna, who was standing at the gate, turned him around to the Rostovs. This wounded man, for reasons of Mavra Kuzminishna, was a very significant person. They drove him in a carriage, completely covered with an apron and with the top down. An old man, a venerable valet, was sitting on the box with the cab. A doctor and two soldiers rode behind in the cart.
- Come to us, please. The gentlemen are leaving, the whole house is empty, ”said the old woman, turning to the old servant.
- Yes, - answered the valet, sighing, - and take it not with tea! We have our own house in Moscow, but far away, and no one lives.
“We ask you for mercy, our masters have a lot, please,” said Mavra Kuzminishna. - Are they very unwell? She added.
The valet waved his hand.
- Do not take tea! You have to ask the doctor. - And the valet got off the box and went to the cart.
“Okay,” said the doctor.
The valet went up to the carriage again, looked into it, shook his head, ordered the coachman to turn into the courtyard and stopped beside Mavra Kuzminishna.
- Lord Jesus Christ! She said.
Mavra Kuzminishna suggested bringing the wounded man into the house.
- Gentlemen will not say anything ... - she said. But it was necessary to avoid climbing the stairs, and therefore the wounded man was carried into the wing and put in the former room of m me Schoss. This wounded was Prince Andrei Bolkonsky.

The last day of Moscow has come. It was clear, cheerful autumn weather. It was Sunday. As on ordinary Sundays, Mass was announced in all churches. No one seemed to be able to understand what was in store for Moscow.
Only two indicators of the state of society expressed the position in which Moscow was: the mob, that is, the class of poor people, and the prices of objects. Factory workers, courtyards and peasants in a huge crowd, in which officials, seminarians, nobles were mixed up, that day, early in the morning, went to the Three Mountains. After standing there and not waiting for Rostopchin and making sure that Moscow would be surrendered, this crowd scattered across Moscow, into drinking houses and taverns. Prices on that day also indicated the state of affairs. The prices for weapons, for gold, for carts and horses all went up, and the prices for paperwork and for city things kept decreasing, so that in the middle of the day there were cases when cabmen took out expensive goods like cloth, and for a peasant horse paid five hundred rubles; furniture, mirrors, bronzes were given away for nothing.
In the sedate and old house of the Rostovs, the disintegration of the former conditions of life was expressed very weakly. With regard to the people, there was only that three people disappeared from the huge courtyard during the night; but nothing was stolen; and with regard to the prices of things, it turned out that the thirty carts that came from the villages were enormous wealth, which many envied and for which the Rostovs were offered huge sums of money. Not only were they offered huge sums of money for these carts, in the evening and early in the morning of September 1, sent orders and servants from the wounded officers came to the Rostovs' yard, and the wounded themselves, placed with the Rostovs and in neighboring houses, were dragged along and begged the Rostovs to plead for that they were given carts to leave Moscow. The butler, to whom such requests were addressed, although he pitied the wounded, resolutely refused, saying that he would not even dare to report this to the count. Miserable as the remaining wounded were, it was obvious that, give one cart, there was no reason not to give the other, everything - to give up your crews. Thirty carts could not save all the wounded, and in the general disaster it was impossible not to think about yourself and your family. So the butler thought for his master.
Waking up on the morning of the 1st, Count Ilya Andreich quietly left the bedroom, so as not to wake up the countess who had just fallen asleep in the morning, and in his lilac silk robe went out onto the porch. The carts, tied up, stood in the yard. There were carriages at the porch. The butler stood at the entrance, talking to an old orderly and a pale young officer with his hand tied. The butler, seeing the count, made a significant and stern sign to the officer and the orderly to leave.
- Well, is everything ready, Vasilich? - said the count, rubbing his bald head and good-naturedly looking at the officer and orderly and nodding his head to them. (The count loved new faces.)
- Harness it now, your Excellency.
- Well, glorious, here the Countess wakes up, and by God! What are you, gentlemen? - he turned to the officer. - In my house? The officer moved closer. His pale face suddenly flashed brightly.